2016年中考英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)指導(dǎo)：句型轉(zhuǎn)換口訣
口訣
句型變化很簡(jiǎn)單， / 先把句中動(dòng)詞看：/ be may must will can,/ 否定句not加后邊。/ 一般問(wèn)句也不難，/ 助情動(dòng)詞放句前;/ 兩種回答yes no,/ 句首動(dòng)詞人后面。/ 沒(méi)有現(xiàn)成怎么辦?/ do does did來(lái)相伴，/ 三單式過(guò)去要還原。/ 特殊問(wèn)句更簡(jiǎn)單，/ 疑問(wèn)詞后跟一般。/ 事物職業(yè)等what,/ who人where問(wèn)地點(diǎn)，/ whose誰(shuí)的所有權(quán)。/ 數(shù)量how many復(fù)后邊，/ how much不可數(shù)和價(jià)錢(qián)。/ why問(wèn)原因慢慢談，/ what time when時(shí)間， / how old歲數(shù)多少年?/ how be人身永康健!
例析
上述口訣表明：句型變化的關(guān)鍵是識(shí)別和取決于句中的動(dòng)詞。如果句中有現(xiàn)成的 be ，have,used,may ，must ，will ，can等助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，則在其后直接加上not即構(gòu)成否定句;將其提于句首則成為一般疑問(wèn)句，在簡(jiǎn)略回答中，除there be句型外，在yes或no后邊一般要使用“人稱(chēng)代詞主格+助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞成分”，其中的助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該與問(wèn)句保持一致。例如，(1) That’s her grandfather over there(改為否定句和一般疑問(wèn)句并回答)。根據(jù)口訣，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)句中有現(xiàn)成的 be動(dòng)詞is ，不需要其他的助動(dòng)詞來(lái)協(xié)助，故本句的否定句為：That’s not her grandfather over there;一般疑問(wèn)句及回答為：Is that her grandfather over there?Yes,he is;/ No,he isn’t. (2) Tom used to read Chinese histories.(改為否定句和一般疑問(wèn)句并回答)，句中的used是一個(gè)突破口，故否定句為T(mén)om used not to read Chinese histories;一般問(wèn)句和回答為Used Tom to read Chinese histories ?Yes,he used;/ No,he usedn’t. 但根據(jù)傳統(tǒng)習(xí)慣，本句也可以將used視為行為動(dòng)詞 use的過(guò)去式，故其否定句和一般疑問(wèn)句及回答分別是Tom didn’t use to read Chinese histories和Did Tom use to read Chinese histories ?Yes,he did;No,he didn’t .
“沒(méi)有現(xiàn)成怎么辦”指的是句中沒(méi)有be ，have,used,may ，must ，will ，can等助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的情況。如果沒(méi)有，則要根據(jù)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和形式借用相應(yīng)的助動(dòng)詞 do(幫助行為動(dòng)詞原形)，does(幫助行為動(dòng)詞的第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)形式)或 did(幫助行為動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去時(shí)形式)來(lái)協(xié)助構(gòu)成否定句或問(wèn)句;“三單式過(guò)去要還原” 指的是在用 does或 did協(xié)助構(gòu)成否定句或問(wèn)句后，原句中的動(dòng)詞第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)形式或過(guò)去式必須改為動(dòng)詞原形，否則就犯了重復(fù)的錯(cuò)誤，這也是許多學(xué)生慣犯的一種錯(cuò)誤，令老師頭疼。例(3) Li Ping goes shopping with her mother on Sundays(改為否定句和一般疑問(wèn)句并回答)。句中有三單式goes , 立刻就聯(lián)想到does的助動(dòng)詞功能，故本題的答案分別為L(zhǎng)i Ping doesn’t go shopping with her mother on Sundays和Does Li Ping go shopping with her mother on Sundays?Yes,she does;/ No,she doesn’t. 但要注意，do和have還有行為動(dòng)詞的`功能，這是學(xué)生在做句型轉(zhuǎn)換練習(xí)時(shí)遇到的又一難題，誤將句中的do或have視為助動(dòng)詞而導(dǎo)致錯(cuò)誤的結(jié)果。如(4) My brother does his homework in the evening(改為否定句和一般疑問(wèn)句)，能夠想到正確答案My brother doesn’t do his homework in the evening和Does your brother do his homework in the evening?的同學(xué)為數(shù)不多。(5) Jim’s parents have lunch in the factory(改為否定句和一般疑問(wèn)句并回答)，許多學(xué)生就錯(cuò)解為Jim’s parents haven’t lunch in the factory和Have Jim’s parents lunch in the factory? Yes , they have ; / No , they haven’t . 而本句中的have是行為動(dòng)詞“吃” 的意思，正確做法應(yīng)該為Jim’s parents don’t have lunch in the factory和 Do Jim’s parents have lunch in the factory? Yes , they do ;/ No, they don’t .
“疑問(wèn)詞后跟一般”意思是特殊疑問(wèn)句由“疑問(wèn)代詞或疑問(wèn)副詞+一般疑問(wèn)句”構(gòu)成，只要學(xué)生掌握了一般疑問(wèn)句的轉(zhuǎn)換要點(diǎn)和各類(lèi)疑問(wèn)代詞或疑問(wèn)副詞的意義和功能，特殊疑問(wèn)句以及其他的句型變化就會(huì)迎刃而解。例如，口訣中的“事物職業(yè)等what”，其意義功能指的是what用來(lái)對(duì)事物、職業(yè)、姓名、顏色等提問(wèn)，如(6) My e-mail address is cindyj@pep.com.cn(對(duì)畫(huà)線(xiàn)部分提問(wèn))為What is your e-mail address? “who人where問(wèn)地點(diǎn)”是指who用于對(duì)人物、身份、關(guān)系等句子成分提問(wèn)而where用于對(duì)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)提問(wèn)，例(7) Kate’s shoes are under the bed(對(duì)畫(huà)線(xiàn)部分提問(wèn))為Where are Kate’s shoes? 而表面看起來(lái)很相似的另一個(gè)句子The shoes under the bed are Kate’s(對(duì)畫(huà)線(xiàn)部分提問(wèn))，學(xué)生做起來(lái)就又感到納悶了，是用where還是which提問(wèn)呢?其納悶的根本原因是沒(méi)有弄懂畫(huà)線(xiàn)部分under the bed在本句中是后置定語(yǔ)，故本題的正確解答應(yīng)為Which shoes are Kate’s? “數(shù)量how many復(fù)后邊”即對(duì)數(shù)量提問(wèn)用how many,后面接復(fù)數(shù)形式，例如(8) There are fifty-two students in Tom’s class(對(duì)畫(huà)線(xiàn)部分提問(wèn))為How many students are there in Tom’s class?How many后邊接的是復(fù)數(shù)形式students和are . how much用于對(duì)不可數(shù)名詞或價(jià)錢(qián)提問(wèn)，如(9) The black pants are $75(對(duì)畫(huà)線(xiàn)部分提問(wèn))為How much (money) are the black pants? 當(dāng)然，本句也可以表示為What’s the price of the black pants? “how be人身永康健”即How be sb? 一般用于詢(xún)問(wèn)某人的身體健康狀況，如(10) ——How are you?—— I’m well, thank you .
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