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英語語法名詞從句做主語

時(shí)間:2021-01-18 13:47:06 考試英語 我要投稿

英語語法名詞從句做主語

  下面是小編整理的英語語法名詞從句做主語。一起來看看吧。

英語語法名詞從句做主語

  名詞從句做主語

  1.名詞從句

  他不用功令我生氣。

  這個(gè)句子的主語雖然是“他不用功”,但若譯成he doesn't work hard,則大錯(cuò)特錯(cuò)。

  he doesn't work hard makes me angry.(x)

  因?yàn)閔e doesn't work hard是句子。所謂句子,就是一開頭就是主語的結(jié)構(gòu)(此處的he就是主語)。句子絕不能當(dāng)主語,一定要變成名詞從句方可做主語。故本句的正確譯法應(yīng)為:that he doesn't work hard makes me angry,(o)

  2.名詞從句的種類

  名詞從句一共有三種:that從句、whether從句、疑問詞所引導(dǎo)的從句

  (1)that從句

  任何一個(gè)主語起首的句子前面冠以that即成that從句。

  he doesn't believe my words.-----that he doesn't believe my words(他不相信我說的'話。)

  he enjoys dancing.-----that he enjoys dancing.(他愛跳舞。)

  there is much work to do.-----that there is much work to do(有很多工作要做。)

  (2)whether從句

  本從句是由可用yes/no回答的問句變化而成。

  ①問句有be動詞時(shí):主語與be動詞還原,前面冠以whether.

  例:is he happy?-----whether he is happy(他是否快樂……)

  ②問句有一般助動詞(can,will,may,should,ought to,must,have)時(shí):主語與助動詞還原,前面冠以whether。

  例:can he do it?-----whether he can do it(他是否能做這件事……)

  has he done it?-----whether he has done it(他是否已做好這件事……)

  ③問句有do,does,did等助動詞時(shí):主語與助動詞還原,再將do,does,did去掉,后面的動詞依人稱和時(shí)態(tài)變化。

  例:did he come?-----whether he did come(did為過去式,故come改為came)----whether he came(他來不來……)

  does he like it?----whether he does like it(does為第三人稱單數(shù)現(xiàn)在式,故like改為likes)----whether he likes it(他喜不喜歡它……)

  (3)疑問詞從句

  本從句是由疑問詞(when,what,how,where,why)等引導(dǎo)的問句變化而成。

  ①問句有be動詞時(shí):主語與be動詞還原,前面保留疑問詞。

  例:what is he doing?----what he is doing(他正在做什么……)

 、趩柧溆幸话阒鷦釉~時(shí):主語與助動詞還原,前面保留疑問詞。

  例:where can be find it?----where he can find it(他在哪里能找到它……)

 、蹎柧溆衐o,does,did等助動詞時(shí):主語與助動詞還原,前面保留疑問詞,再將do,does,did去掉,動詞依人稱和時(shí)態(tài)變化。

  例:what did he write?----what he did write(did為過去式,故write改為wrote)----what he wrote(他寫什么……)

  when did he come?----when he did come(did為過去式,故come改為came)----when he came(他何時(shí)來……)

  how does he do it?----how he does do it(does為第三人稱單數(shù)現(xiàn)在式,故do改為does)----how he does it(他怎么做這件事……)

  注意:

  who,what,which(哪一個(gè))為疑問代詞,若在問句中做主語,變成名詞從句時(shí),結(jié)構(gòu)不變。

  例:who came here?問句主語----who came here名詞從句(誰來這兒……)

  what happened last night?問句主語----what happened last night名詞從句(昨晚發(fā)生什么事……)

  which was bought?問句主語----which was bought名詞從句(哪個(gè)被買走……)

  3.名詞從句的功能

  我們已知,名詞從句是由敘述句子或問句變化而成,和動名詞或不定式短語一樣,名詞從句也要被視為名詞。由于具有名詞的特性,故可做主語、謂語或be動詞之后的補(bǔ)語。

  (1)名詞從句做主語

  例:that honesty is the best policy is a proverb(which)we should always keep in mind.(“誠實(shí)為上策”是一句我們應(yīng)時(shí)時(shí)謹(jǐn)記在心的箴言。)

  where he lives is still a doubt.(他住哪里仍不確定。)

  whether he can do it remains to be seen.(他能勝任與否仍有待觀察。)

  注意:

  動名詞或不定式短語,名詞從句做主語時(shí)容易造成主語過大的現(xiàn)象,可用代詞it代替,置于句首,而被代替的名詞從句則置于句尾。

  因?yàn)樯鲜龈骼淇筛膶憺椋?/p>

  it is a proverb we should always keep in mind that honesty is the best policy

  it is still a doubt where he lives.

  it remains to be seen whether he can do it.

  (2)名詞從句做動詞的賓語

  例:i know that he will go abroad in the nearest future.(我知道他最近即將出國。)

  i wonder whether he has finished the work.(我懷疑他是否已做完工作了。)

  i don't know how he'll handle it.(我不知道他將如何處理這件事。)

  (3)名詞從句做介詞的賓語

  注意:

  用whether或疑問詞引導(dǎo)的名詞從句可做賓語,但that從句不可做介詞的賓語。

  例:i am worried about whether he can do it.(我很擔(dān)心他是否能做這件事。)

  i am suspicious of how he'll cope with the problem.(我懷疑他將如何應(yīng)付這個(gè)問題。)

  i am sure of that the team has won the game.(x)遇有介詞,且非要使用that從句時(shí),其補(bǔ)救方法如下:

 、俳樵~+the fact+that從句,如此,就可用the fact做介詞的賓語,而that從句就成了the fact的同位語。

  例:i am sure of the fact that the team has won the game.(我確定這個(gè)隊(duì)贏了。)

  i am worried about the fact that be doesn't study.(我很擔(dān)心他不念書。)

  ②保留介詞,但不加the fact,且介詞之后的that從句要做適當(dāng)變化。第一步:除去that;第二步:that之后的主語變成所有格;第三步:動詞變成動名詞。

  例:i am worried about that he plays around all day.----i am worried about his playing around all day.(我為他整天游手好閑而擔(dān)心。)

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