商務(wù)英語合同寫作技巧

　　合同寫作技巧:起草合同（1）

　　在起草合同時，有幾點需要注意：

　　1. Start with a simple, generic contract form. Like a house, a contract must have a good, solid foundation.

　　從簡單、典型的合同入手。像房子一樣，一個合同必須有一個牢固的根基。

　　2. State the correct legal names of the parties in the first paragraph. As obvious as this is, it is one of the most common problems in contracts. For individuals, include full first and last name, and middle initials if available, and other identifying information, if appropriate, such as Jr., M.D., etc. For corporations, check with the Secretary of State where incorporated.

　　在合同的第一段要寫清楚雙方的名稱。這個問題很簡單，但也需要重視。如果是個人，要寫清姓和名,中間名可能的話應(yīng)寫上大寫首字母，其他身份信息如果需要也應(yīng)注明，例如：Jr.，M.D，等等；如果是公司，為避免弄錯，寫名稱時可以到公司注冊地的相應(yīng)機構(gòu)去核對一下。

　　3. Identify the parties by nicknames. Giving each party a nickname in the first paragraph will make the contract easier to read. For example, James W. Martin would be nicknamed "Martin."

　　確定合同雙方的別稱（簡稱）。為便于閱讀，一般要在合同的第一段為雙方設(shè)定一個別稱，如：將詹姆士·馬丁簡稱為“馬丁”。

　　4. Be careful when using legal terms for nicknames. Do not use "Contractor" as a nickname unless that party is legally a contractor. Do not use "Agent" unless you intend for that party to be an agent, and if you do, then you better specify the scope of authority and other agency issues to avoid future disagreements.

　　使用法定術(shù)語作為雙方當(dāng)事人的別稱時，要小心。除非一方當(dāng)事人在法定上就是承包人，否則不要將"承包人"作為其別稱。同樣，除非你想讓一方當(dāng)事人成為法定上的'代理人，否則不要稱其為"代理人"，如果堅持要用，最好明確一下代理范圍并找到其他可以避免將來爭執(zhí)的方案。

　　5. Include a blank for the date in the first paragraph. Putting the date in the first paragraph makes it easy to find after the contract is signed. It also makes it easy to describe the contract in other documents in a precise way, such as the "December 20, 2000, Contract for Sale of Real Estate."

　　在合同的第一段要為書寫簽約時間留下空格。把簽約時間放在第一段，當(dāng)合同簽署后，你就可以很容易地找到它，而且，這樣做還可以給你在其他相關(guān)文件中準確地描述這個合同提供幫助，例如：不動產(chǎn)買賣合同，訂立于2000年12月20日。

　　6. Include background. Recitals are the "whereas" clauses that precede the body of a contract. They provide a simple way to bring the contract's reader (party, judge or jury) up to speed on what the contract is about, who the parties are, why they are signing a contract, etc. The first paragraph in the body of the contract can incorporate the recitals by reference and state that they are true and correct. This will avoid a later argument as to whether or not the recitals are a legally binding part of the contract.

　　書寫引述語。引述語是指那些放在合同主體前面的"鑒于"條款。書寫此類條款的目的是為了讓讀者（通常指合同雙方，法官，陪審團）很快地了解到合同的主要內(nèi)容是什么，合同雙方是誰，以及他們?yōu)槭裁春炗喓贤�，等等。�?dāng)然，合同主體的第一段也可以加上聲明，并說明其是真實準確的，如果這樣做了，合同雙方將來就不會就引述語作為合同的一部分是否具有法律效力而爭執(zhí)。

　　7. Outline the contract by writing out and underlining paragraph headings in their logical order. The paragraphs should flow in logical, organized fashion. It is not necessary to write them all at once; you can write them as you think of them. Try to group related concepts in the same paragraphs or in adjacent paragraphs. For example, write an employment contract's initial paragraph headings like this:

　　Recitals.

　　Employment.

　　Duties.

　　Term.

　　Compensation.

　　列出合同大綱，按邏輯順序列出合同段落的標(biāo)題詞。合同的段落是按一定的邏輯順序組織起來的，當(dāng)然，你并不需要一下子列出所有段落的標(biāo)題詞，想到多少就寫多少。將相關(guān)的概念在一個段落或是在連續(xù)的段落里表達。比如：勞動合同的標(biāo)題詞：

　　引述語

　　聘用

　　職責(zé)

　　期限

　　賠償

　　8. Complete each paragraph by writing the contract terms that apply to that paragraph. Just explain in words what the parties agree to do or not do paragraph by paragraph.

　　在撰寫每一段時要注意內(nèi)容集中，不要東拉西扯。說明合同雙方同意做什么，不同意做什么就可以了。

　　9. Keep a pad at hand to remember clauses to add. It is normal to think of additional clauses, wording and issues while writing a contract. Jot these down on a pad as you write; they are easily forgotten. Also keep your client's outline and other forms in front of you as you write, and check off items as you write them.

　　放一個便箋簿在手邊，以便記下需要添加的條款。在書寫合同的同時，你可能隨時會想到一些需要添加的條款、措詞和問題，要盡快記在便箋簿上，以免忘記。另外，你最好將客戶列出的要點和一些類似的合同范本也放在眼前，以便在書寫過程中隨時查對。

　　10. Repeat yourself only when repetition is necessary to improve clarity. Ambiguity is created by saying the same thing more than once. Only if the concept is a difficult one should you write it in more than one way. In addition, if you use an example to clarify a difficult concept or formula, be sure that all possible meanings are considered and that the example is accurate and consistent with the concept as worded.

　　除非是為了更清晰地說明問題，否則不要在合同中重復(fù)陳述某個內(nèi)容。反復(fù)地陳述同一個東西很容易讓人模棱兩可。只有當(dāng)一個概念難于理解時，你才應(yīng)該用不同的方式書寫。另外，如果你想通過一個例子來闡明一個難以理解的概念或規(guī)則時，一定要考慮到其所有的含義、這個例子的準確性以及它和概念的相符性。

　　合同寫作技巧:合同定稿

　　辛苦的忙碌終于有了成果，合同終于要定稿了。但是收尾的工作也不能疏忽。下面是一些打印和簽署合同時必須要留心的問題，要確保你的合同萬無一失。

　　1. Print the contract on 24 pound bond paper instead of 20 pound copier paper. Using a heavy bond paper will make it easy to tell the original contract from copies. It will also last longer.

　　用24磅的銅板紙而不是用20磅的復(fù)印紙來打印合同。用厚一點的紙不僅容易和草稿區(qū)別開來，而且，保存的時間也要長一些。

　　2. Print on pages using the same paper, and if pages are changed, reprint the document using the same paper. This will avoid an argument that pages were substituted after the contract was signed.

　　打印整個合同要用同樣的紙，如果打印過程中紙發(fā)生了改變，一定要用同樣的紙再打印一次。這樣做，對方就不會說合同在簽署后被偷換了。

　　3. Sign the contract in blue ink, not black ink. This, too, will make it easier to differentiate the signed original contract from photocopies.

　　最好用藍墨水而不是用黑墨水來簽署合同，因為藍墨水可以很容易地讓人區(qū)別出哪個是合同正本，哪個是影印副本。

　　4. Initial every page of the contract. Having each party initial each page of the contract will make it less likely that anyone could claim a page was changed after the contract was signed.

　　讓雙方在每頁合同上簽上名字的首字母（姓），這樣做可以避免有人懷疑合同簽署后被更改過。

　　5. Identify the parties and witnesses who sign by providing blank lines below their signature lines for their printed names and addresses. This will make it easier to find the witnesses if the contract is contested. And remember to include two witnesses for commercial leases.

　　在合同簽名欄的下方留下一些空白行，以便合同雙方和見證人填寫他們的名字和地址。這樣，一旦合同引起糾紛，就能很容易地找到證人。要記住，一般的商業(yè)租賃需要兩個見證人。

　　6. Be sure that corporate officers include their titles, the corporation name and the word "as." Failure to do this can result in personal liability of the officer. The proper way to sign in a representative capacity is as follows:

　　ABC Corporation, a Florida corporation

　　By: ____________________________________

　　John Jones, as its President

　　簽名者如果是公司官員，一定要寫上他們的職務(wù)和其所在公司的名稱。不這樣做就可能導(dǎo)致這個官員個人承擔(dān)責(zé)任。簽約代表簽名的正確方法如下：

　　ABC公司，佛羅里州分公司

　　簽約代表：________________

　　公司總裁：史密斯.瓊斯

　　7. Add a notary clause that complies with the notary law.

　　根據(jù)公證法增加公證條款。

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