witness開(kāi)題報(bào)告范文
witness開(kāi)題報(bào)告范文
篇一：WITNESS開(kāi)題報(bào)告
畢業(yè)論文開(kāi)題報(bào)告 學(xué) 生 姓 名：
學(xué) 院、系： 專(zhuān) 業(yè)： 論 文 題 目： 指導(dǎo)教師: 年 月 日 學(xué) 號(hào)： 開(kāi)題報(bào)告填寫(xiě)要求
1．開(kāi)題報(bào)告作為畢業(yè)論文答辯委員會(huì)對(duì)學(xué)生答辯資格審查的 依據(jù)材料之一。此報(bào)告應(yīng)在指導(dǎo)教師指導(dǎo)下，由學(xué)生在畢業(yè)論文工作前期內(nèi)完成，經(jīng)指導(dǎo)教師簽署意見(jiàn)及所在系審查后生效；
2．開(kāi)題報(bào)告內(nèi)容必須用按教務(wù)處統(tǒng)一設(shè)計(jì)的電子文檔標(biāo)準(zhǔn)格 式（可從教務(wù)處網(wǎng)頁(yè)上下載）打印，禁止打印在其它紙上后剪貼，完成后應(yīng)及時(shí)交給指導(dǎo)教師簽署意見(jiàn)；
3．學(xué)生寫(xiě)文獻(xiàn)綜述的參考文獻(xiàn)應(yīng)不少于15篇（不包括辭典、 手冊(cè)）。文中應(yīng)用參考文獻(xiàn)處應(yīng)標(biāo)出文獻(xiàn)序號(hào)，文后“參考文獻(xiàn)” 的書(shū)寫(xiě)，應(yīng)按照國(guó)標(biāo)gb 7714—87《文后參考文獻(xiàn)著錄規(guī)則》的要 求書(shū)寫(xiě)，不能有隨意性；
4．學(xué)生的“學(xué)號(hào)”要寫(xiě)全號(hào)（如0201140102），不能只寫(xiě)最后2位或1位數(shù)字；
5. 有關(guān)年月日等日期的填寫(xiě)，應(yīng)當(dāng)按照國(guó)標(biāo)gb/t 7408—94《數(shù)據(jù)元和交換格式、信息交換、日期和時(shí)間表示法》規(guī)定的要求， 一律用阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字書(shū)寫(xiě)。如“2004年3月15日”或“2004-03-15”；
6. 指導(dǎo)教師意見(jiàn)和所在系意見(jiàn)用黑墨水筆工整書(shū)寫(xiě)，不得隨 便涂改或潦草書(shū)寫(xiě)。 畢 業(yè) 論 文 開(kāi) 題 報(bào) 告 篇二：劉歆-開(kāi)題報(bào)告 淮 陰 工 學(xué) 院
畢業(yè)論文開(kāi)題報(bào)告學(xué) 生 姓 名:
專(zhuān) 業(yè):
t i t l e : 論 文 題 目: 指 導(dǎo) 教 師: 邯鄲學(xué)院外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院
school of foreign languages of handan college 論文題目： 析《最藍(lán)的眼睛》的主題：扭曲的黑人心靈title：
專(zhuān) 班 級(jí)： 2008級(jí)商務(wù)英語(yǔ)本科二班學(xué) 號(hào)： 014103082033 姓 i.introduction
1.1research motives
1.2 literature reviewthe bluest eye has long been in discussion. many experts have studied from various
angles and reached different conclusions. these include the image of the character,
the theme of the novel, the writing style and background of it. anna zebialowicz interprets female characters’ racial dilemmas by employing the
tool of psychology in her “ probing racial dilemmas in the bluest eye with the
spyglass of psychology ” which is published in 2009. rather than questioning the
already well-established methods of analyzing them, it illustrates how modern science
of the human mind can offer extra dimensions of valuable insight, especially in terms of validating the behavior
and thoughts of such characters. such insight might offer new angles from which to
look at them also showing the relevance of the issues these characters deal with to
the contemporary society.wang shouren says in his “ the black soul under the influence of white culture
— on toni morrison’s the bluest eye” which is published in 2000 that the bluest
eye tells a tragic story of a lost black soul under the influences of the dominant
culture of the white people in the american society. the novel exposes the negative
impact of the white culture on the black people, and discusses possible ways to resist
the impact. morrison’s insight into the issues of gender, race and culture places
her well ahead of her time .according to luo hong’s “ the blacks culture losing under impact of the whites
strong culture” published in 2007, the bluest eye describes the black culture losing
under the impact of the white’s strong culture and the blacks would feel confused
and fall into disorder as long as they regard whiteness and the white culture as their
valuation. giving up their own culture standard, they would miss themselves in the
tide of white culture simpact, which only leads to tragedy of the black people. what xue lamei expresses in her “ getting crazy for the eye” published in 2007
is that in the bluest eye, the child reader, the picture of shirley temple, the mary
jane candy paper and the blue eyes are cultural signifiers embodied with the aesthetic
of white supremacy. the nationalsponsored racism is forced upon the black people as a universal truth to abide
by. facing the value system that denies the essence of black identity, the little
black girl pecola who belongs to the most innocent and vulnerable group falls into
the dilemma of pursuing a false identity that betrays her true self. the stronger
she strives, the more she loses her true self. she gets the bluest eye in an illusion,
but loses her sanity in the end.chen yiying says in his “the bluest eye, the sadest self” published in 2010
that the bluest eyes, with a little black girl’s tragedy, criticizes the enslavation
of white aesthetic and value system has on the black. this paper analyses the
assimilation of the black girl by the white aesthetic and the loss of self in the
bluest eye. based on “ eye”, it analyses the book from “being seen” and “seeing”
to “hiding eye” which extricates the tension of the plot of the and tragic beauty.guo jiajia says in her “the affirmation of african-american women’s identity
in the hegemonic context——a post-colonial feminist reading of toni morrison’s the
bluest eye” which is published in 2011 that the bluest eye depicts african-american
women’s life dilemma in the hegemonic environment, they are suffering twofold
repression from white hegemony social and internal patriarchy environment in black
groups. in hegemony environment for their identification, besides a harmonious unity
of black internal groups, they should first abandon the whites’ aesthetic standards,
be confident in their own beauty and meanwhile try to overturn white cultural hegemony,
confirm their cultural identity.
1.3 existing problemsbased on the results of some initial reading and personal reflection, i find that
there exist some problems that have not received a due treatment in this field.
criticists mostly focus on sex, the identity of the black and female problems. there
is few studies on the causes to all these tragedies.
1.4 research focusesat the present stage of my research, i select pecola’s, pauline’s and cholly’
s tragedy to express my view. this essay will try to make it clear how the black is
influenced by the white culture and how terrible their lives are. my further pursuit
will focus on the distorted soul of the black under the influence of white culture.
i will have my point of view explained from the following three issues : the distorted
soul of pecola., the distorted soul of pauline breedlove and the distorted soul of cholly breedlove. in order to examine these research questions more effectively, i would like to
adopt critical method and illustration method. ⅱ.outline
2.1 the distorted soul of pecola
2.1.1 the family’s effect on pecola
2.1.2 the social discrimination to pecola
2.2 the distorted soul of pauline
2.2.1 the self-pity of pauline
2.2.2 the white culture’s effect on pauline
2.3 the distorted soul of cholly
2.3.1 the tragic parenthood of cholly
2.3.2 the white’s humiliation on chollyⅲ. conclusion expectedby discussing the distorted soul of pecola, pauline and chooly, it is concluded
that the bluest eye provides an intended depiction of the ways in which internalized
white beauty standards deform the lives of blacks so that all the characters in this
book lose the true self thus lead to their tragedy. that is the distorted black soul.ⅳ. bibliography
baillie, justine. contesting ideologies: deconstructing racism in
african-american fiction [j]. women: a cultural review, 2003(1). mckittrick, katherine. black and cause i’m black i’m blue: transverse racial
geographies in toni morrison’s the bluest eye[j]. gender, place & culture,
2000(2).
morrison, toni . the bluest eye (1970) [m] . new york: a plum book, 1994.zebialowicz, anna. probing racial dilemmas in the bluest eye with the spyglass
of psychology[j]. journal of africa american studies, 2009(2).陳奕穎.最藍(lán)的眼睛，最憂(yōu)傷的自己———析莫里森處女作《最藍(lán)的眼睛》[j].梧州學(xué)院
學(xué)篇四：開(kāi)題報(bào)告 school of foreign languages title:analysis of english neologisms translation from the perspective of functional equivalence theory major: advisor: date: chapter 1 introduction
1.1 significance of the study for second language learners, the translation of these neologisms is particularly
important. up to now, many tradition methods have been put forward by language
workers, those are crystallization of their wisdom and worthy of being followed.
so i am wondering that it will be better if i could summarize a few general translation
methods of english neologisms and see how they achieve equivalent effect in different
context.through this study, i hope to give some tips for readers to master the
translation methods in neologisms.
1.2 structure
my paper consists of five chapters. the first chapter is a general introduction
of the paper, including the current situation of the neologism, the purpose and
significance of the research on translation methods of neologism. the second chapter
is literature review, the author did research on the studies about neologisms at home
and abroad, finding their highlights and limitations, then talked about what she will discuss in the
following paragraphs.the third chapter mainly concerns with a brief survey on
functional equivalence theory and equivalent principle in english neologism
translation . the fourth chapter infers to the translation of english neologism from
the perspective of functional equivalence theory, in which many formation methods
of english neologisms as well as several translation methods of english neologism
will be presented. the last chapter concludes the paper.chapter 2literature review
2.1 previous studies on english neologisms aboard speaking of the research on english neologism, it dates back to theearly 20th century. in 1920, leon mead published his work word-coinage, being
an inquiry into recent neologisms, also a brief study of literary style, slang and
provincialism, which was the earliest book about the research on english neologisms,
although it is not a dictionary of neologisms, it contained many articles of
neologisms.some academic magazines also published articles to introduce new words.
many neologism dictionaries in the 1950s are very popular, especially the dictionary
of new words in english (paul, 1953) and the dictionary of new words (mary, 1955).
during 1950s, mr. paul charles berg did a lot of job to collect new words about the
war, which brought us his dictionary of new words in english (paul, 1953). there
are some scholars discussing the neologisms from the perspective of social
linguistics.
2.2 previous studies on english neologisms in chinain terms of the research on neologism in china, many linguists
contributed a lot to its booming development. in 1984, lu shuxiang, a renowned
chinese linguist, published an article on neologisms in dictionary research, which caught the attention to the study of neologisms. from
then on, chinese scholar began to keep a watchful eye on the study of neologisms.
hu zhuanglin, in particular, provided many methods of its formation in ’s work, such
as derivation, blending, invention, back-formation etc.(linguistics a course book,
fourth edition ). and wang rongpei’s findings on vocabulary are solid foundation
of formation methods of english neologisms. in recent years, considering the
globalization of language, many scholars put more emphasis on translation methods
of neologisms, they concluded many translation methods ,such as literal translation,
free translation, transliteration, omission. etc
2.3 research questionsbased on the previous studies on english neologisms, this author intends to
address these questions: (1) what is the functional equivalence theory (2) what
is the what formation methods can be employed in english neologism(3) what
translation strategies of english neologisms can be provided from the perspective
of functional equivalence theory篇五：開(kāi)題報(bào)告模版 武漢理工大學(xué)本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文)開(kāi)題報(bào)告很大。這些因素導(dǎo)致系統(tǒng)運(yùn)行存在著嚴(yán)重的 大馬拉小車(chē) 現(xiàn)象，造成電機(jī)功率因數(shù)低、
效率低。
節(jié)約資源和保護(hù)環(huán)境是我國(guó)的一項(xiàng)基本國(guó)策。改革開(kāi)放以來(lái),我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)和社會(huì)發(fā)展取
得了巨大成就,但也付出了很大的資源和環(huán)境代價(jià)。當(dāng)前,我國(guó)已經(jīng)進(jìn)入了工業(yè)化中期,能源消
耗強(qiáng)度較高,能源安全面臨的形勢(shì)十分復(fù)雜，節(jié)能降耗勢(shì)在必行。 港口作為我國(guó)對(duì)外開(kāi)放的窗口和現(xiàn)代物流供應(yīng)鏈中的重要環(huán)節(jié)，日益成為集運(yùn)輸、配送、
倉(cāng)儲(chǔ)、加工、包裝、增值服務(wù)等功能于一體的綜合性物流平臺(tái)，其能源消耗在整個(gè)交通行業(yè)
中占有一定的比重，抓好港口行業(yè)的節(jié)能降耗工作是我國(guó)交通行業(yè)節(jié)能工作的重點(diǎn)之一。我
國(guó)是港口大國(guó)，各種生產(chǎn)性碼頭泊位數(shù)量超過(guò)3.5萬(wàn)個(gè)。超過(guò)億噸的綜合性大型樞紐港口達(dá)
到14個(gè)。截至2009年，我國(guó)港口貨物吞吐量已增至76.57億噸，貨物吞吐量超過(guò)億噸的港
口達(dá)到20個(gè)，連續(xù)7年保持世界第一，已形成“布局合理、層次分明、功能齊全”的港口格
局。港口開(kāi)展節(jié)能減排工作，不僅是國(guó)家完成“十一五”規(guī)劃中節(jié)能目標(biāo)、改善港城環(huán)境、
提高人民生活質(zhì)量的需要，也是港口企業(yè)實(shí)現(xiàn)向現(xiàn)代交通業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)型和提高自身經(jīng)濟(jì)效益的需要。根據(jù)測(cè)算，每年我國(guó)港口能源消耗總量約為270萬(wàn)噸標(biāo)準(zhǔn)煤，其中主要能源品種為柴油
和電力。港口規(guī)劃建設(shè)不但影響港口企業(yè)本身的能耗，同時(shí)也會(huì)對(duì)水運(yùn)、公路運(yùn)輸?shù)哪茉聪?/p>
耗產(chǎn)生較大影響，因此，抓好港口節(jié)能工作是我國(guó)交通行業(yè)節(jié)能工作的重點(diǎn)。而為了提高集
裝箱碼頭裝卸效率，減少船舶在港時(shí)間，節(jié)約能源，改善港口的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益，就必須進(jìn)行集裝
箱碼頭港口裝卸工藝優(yōu)化及其節(jié)能方法的研究。 港口碼頭系統(tǒng)作為一類(lèi)較大的'服務(wù)系統(tǒng)，具有多個(gè)隨機(jī)因素，如船舶和貨物集疏運(yùn)工具
到港時(shí)間的隨機(jī)性;船舶作業(yè)和碼頭操作受風(fēng)、浪、霧、雨、等隨機(jī)變化的影響;泊位、裝卸
和堆取設(shè)備、堆場(chǎng)及職員的情況隨時(shí)間變化;船舶和貨源組成情況以及用戶(hù)的服務(wù)要求不斷變
化等;整個(gè)系統(tǒng)效率的發(fā)揮依賴(lài)于各子系統(tǒng)之間的相互協(xié)調(diào)，單個(gè)子系統(tǒng)的高或者低效率，都
無(wú)助于或影響整個(gè)系統(tǒng)效率的發(fā)揮。這些特點(diǎn)決定了不可能只依靠單純的數(shù)學(xué)模型來(lái)研究港
口碼頭系統(tǒng)，而模擬技術(shù)為這類(lèi)復(fù)雜而且多個(gè)隨機(jī)因素相關(guān)聯(lián)的系統(tǒng)研究提供了一條有用的
途徑。盡管通過(guò)計(jì)算機(jī)模擬得出的只是可行解或較佳解，但其結(jié)果經(jīng)分析研究后對(duì)工程設(shè)計(jì)
人員和碼頭管理人員均有著十分重要的指導(dǎo)意義。
篇二：開(kāi)題報(bào)告——基于WITNESS的生產(chǎn)物流系統(tǒng)仿真
畢業(yè)論文開(kāi)題報(bào)告
學(xué) 生 姓 名：
學(xué) 院、系： 專(zhuān) 業(yè)： 論 文 題 目： 指導(dǎo)教師:
年 月 日 學(xué) 號(hào)：
開(kāi)題報(bào)告填寫(xiě)要求
1．開(kāi)題報(bào)告作為畢業(yè)論文答辯委員會(huì)對(duì)學(xué)生答辯資格審查的
依據(jù)材料之一。此報(bào)告應(yīng)在指導(dǎo)教師指導(dǎo)下，由學(xué)生在畢業(yè)論文工
作前期內(nèi)完成，經(jīng)指導(dǎo)教師簽署意見(jiàn)及所在系審查后生效；
2．開(kāi)題報(bào)告內(nèi)容必須用按教務(wù)處統(tǒng)一設(shè)計(jì)的電子文檔標(biāo)準(zhǔn)格
式（可從教務(wù)處網(wǎng)頁(yè)上下載）打印，禁止打印在其它紙上后剪貼，
完成后應(yīng)及時(shí)交給指導(dǎo)教師簽署意見(jiàn)；
3．學(xué)生寫(xiě)文獻(xiàn)綜述的參考文獻(xiàn)應(yīng)不少于15篇（不包括辭典、
手冊(cè)）。文中應(yīng)用參考文獻(xiàn)處應(yīng)標(biāo)出文獻(xiàn)序號(hào)，文后“參考文獻(xiàn)”
的書(shū)寫(xiě)，應(yīng)按照國(guó)標(biāo)GB 7714—87《文后參考文獻(xiàn)著錄規(guī)則》的要
求書(shū)寫(xiě)，不能有隨意性；
4．學(xué)生的“學(xué)號(hào)”要寫(xiě)全號(hào)（如0201140102），不能只寫(xiě)最
后2位或1位數(shù)字；
5. 有關(guān)年月日等日期的填寫(xiě)，應(yīng)當(dāng)按照國(guó)標(biāo)GB/T 7408—94
《數(shù)據(jù)元和交換格式、信息交換、日期和時(shí)間表示法》規(guī)定的要求，
一律用阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字書(shū)寫(xiě)。如“2004年3月15日”或“2004-03-15”；
6. 指導(dǎo)教師意見(jiàn)和所在系意見(jiàn)用黑墨水筆工整書(shū)寫(xiě)，不得隨
便涂改或潦草書(shū)寫(xiě)。
畢 業(yè) 論 文 開(kāi) 題 報(bào) 告
篇三：工業(yè)工程論文【基于Witness的某制造車(chē)間看板生產(chǎn)系統(tǒng)仿真設(shè)計(jì)】開(kāi)題報(bào)告
XXXX大學(xué)
文獻(xiàn)綜述
二級(jí)學(xué)院 班 級(jí) 107040801學(xué)生姓名 XXXX 學(xué)號(hào)
基于Witness的某制造車(chē)間看板生產(chǎn)系統(tǒng)仿真設(shè)計(jì)
李xxx
�。� xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx）
摘 要：首先總結(jié)闡述了國(guó)內(nèi)制造型企業(yè)的問(wèn)題和現(xiàn)代生產(chǎn)管理思想，接著分析了看板生產(chǎn)系統(tǒng)的產(chǎn)生發(fā)展及國(guó)內(nèi)外的應(yīng)用現(xiàn)狀，并提出國(guó)內(nèi)企業(yè)可以通過(guò)引進(jìn)看板生產(chǎn)系統(tǒng)，改善目前生產(chǎn)狀況的思想。本課題還擬結(jié)合某發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)總裝車(chē)間生產(chǎn)實(shí)例，利用Witness建立看板生產(chǎn)系統(tǒng)仿真模型，進(jìn)而有效評(píng)價(jià)和改善該實(shí)施方案。
關(guān)鍵詞：看板生產(chǎn)系統(tǒng)；生產(chǎn)系統(tǒng)優(yōu)化；模擬仿真
Abstract: First of all, the problems of domestic manufacturing enterprises and the modern production and management thinking are summarily described, and then the coming into being, development and application status at home and abroad of Kanban production system are analyzed. The idea that Kanban production system can be introduced in domestic enterprises to improve their current status of the production has been put forward. The research project also intends to combine an engine assembly plant for the case of Kanban production system. At the same time, using Witness simulation software to establish a simulation model of kanban production system, which could be used to effectively evaluate and improve this program that we have designed. Key words: Kanban production systemoptimization of production systemsimulation. 0引言
加入WTO后，我國(guó)制造型企業(yè)面臨著來(lái)自國(guó)際、國(guó)內(nèi)更加激烈的市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)[1]。錯(cuò)綜復(fù)雜的市場(chǎng)環(huán)境，客戶(hù)需求靈活多變，信息化水平突飛猛進(jìn)等等問(wèn)題和挑戰(zhàn)。企業(yè)在多變的環(huán)境下，為應(yīng)對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化所帶來(lái)的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，滿(mǎn)足客戶(hù)需求，贏(yíng)得更多的市場(chǎng)份額和收益，我國(guó)制造型企業(yè)必須及時(shí)轉(zhuǎn)變管理觀(guān)念，盡快實(shí)現(xiàn)以顧客需求為核心的管理現(xiàn)代化，進(jìn)而縮短產(chǎn)品的開(kāi)發(fā)生產(chǎn)周期，降低生產(chǎn)成本，提高企業(yè)設(shè)備、資金、人員的利用率，增強(qiáng)企業(yè)的市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力。
鑒于國(guó)內(nèi)企業(yè)的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀，本文首先對(duì)國(guó)內(nèi)制造型企業(yè)出現(xiàn)的問(wèn)題和應(yīng)對(duì)措施進(jìn)行了分析總結(jié)，接著提出引進(jìn)日本的看板生產(chǎn)系統(tǒng)，通過(guò)實(shí)施看板生產(chǎn)系統(tǒng)管理，縮短產(chǎn)品的生產(chǎn)周期，減少在制品的數(shù)量，提高設(shè)備利用率，從而提高企業(yè)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力，使企業(yè)走上內(nèi)涵式發(fā)展
道路。本文擬采用Witness物流軟件建立看板生產(chǎn)系統(tǒng)仿真實(shí)例模型，以便及時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)并解決企業(yè)實(shí)施看板生產(chǎn)系統(tǒng)時(shí)可能出現(xiàn)的問(wèn)題，有效評(píng)價(jià)和改善該看板生產(chǎn)系統(tǒng)的實(shí)施狀況。 1制造業(yè)管理現(xiàn)狀分析和現(xiàn)代生產(chǎn)管理思想
1.1制造業(yè)管理現(xiàn)狀分析
在經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化趨勢(shì)加快的背景下，我國(guó)制造型企業(yè)面對(duì)大好的發(fā)展機(jī)遇，從國(guó)外引進(jìn)大量資金人才和先進(jìn)技術(shù)。但傳統(tǒng)的企業(yè)生產(chǎn)方式以及落后的管理水平，卻阻礙了我國(guó)企業(yè)向高技術(shù)、高質(zhì)量、高服務(wù)的方向邁進(jìn)。特別是一些中小企業(yè)，由于不能及時(shí)應(yīng)對(duì)環(huán)境變化，市場(chǎng)份額急劇下降，產(chǎn)品大量積壓，流動(dòng)資金匱乏，有的企業(yè)甚至面臨倒閉的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。分析原因，主要存在以下幾個(gè)方面[2]。
�。�1）浪費(fèi)嚴(yán)重。在產(chǎn)品制造過(guò)程中的浪費(fèi)，歸為七種，如表1所示。
表1 國(guó)內(nèi)制造型企業(yè)存在的主要浪費(fèi)
�。�2）秩序混亂。工作無(wú)計(jì)劃，操作無(wú)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，職責(zé)不明，規(guī)章制度不執(zhí)行，供應(yīng)不及時(shí)，生產(chǎn)不均衡，安全、質(zhì)量事故頻發(fā)。
（3）環(huán)境臟、亂、差。設(shè)備布局、作業(yè)線(xiàn)路不合理，物料、半成品、雜物、工具等亂堆亂放，現(xiàn)場(chǎng)油污遍地，“跑、冒、滴、漏”隨處可見(jiàn)，作業(yè)面積狹窄，通道阻塞，環(huán)境條件差。
由上面的分析可知，企業(yè)生產(chǎn)的核心問(wèn)題是缺乏合理而富有柔性的生產(chǎn)計(jì)劃、管理模式落后。在遇到突發(fā)情況，或是需要決策時(shí)，往往根據(jù)生產(chǎn)管理人員的主觀(guān)經(jīng)驗(yàn)，不能根據(jù)準(zhǔn)確的生產(chǎn)信息安排企業(yè)運(yùn)作。因此，企業(yè)有必要采用先進(jìn)的生產(chǎn)管理模式，建立牽引式生產(chǎn)系統(tǒng)，從而走上持續(xù)、高效的生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營(yíng)之路。
1.2現(xiàn)代生產(chǎn)管理思想概述
當(dāng)前，生產(chǎn)管理領(lǐng)域有三種主流管理理論，即企業(yè)資源計(jì)劃(Enterprise Resource Planning，簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng)ERP)、約束理論(Theory of Constraints，簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng)TOC)和精益生產(chǎn)方式的核心之一準(zhǔn)時(shí)制生產(chǎn)(Just In Time，簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng)JIT)[3]。
1.2.1企業(yè)資源計(jì)劃管理理論
ERP 就是一個(gè)有效地組織、計(jì)劃和實(shí)施企業(yè)的“人”、“財(cái)”、“物”管理的系統(tǒng)，它依靠IT的技術(shù)和手段以保證其信息的集成性、實(shí)時(shí)性和統(tǒng)一性。ERP 最初是一種基于企業(yè)內(nèi)部“供應(yīng)鏈”的管理思想，是在MRPII 的基礎(chǔ)上擴(kuò)展了管理范圍，給出了新的結(jié)構(gòu)。它的基本思想是將企業(yè)的業(yè)務(wù)流程看作是一個(gè)緊密聯(lián)接的供應(yīng)鏈，將企業(yè)內(nèi)部劃分成幾個(gè)相互協(xié)同作業(yè)的支持子系統(tǒng)，如財(cái)務(wù)、市場(chǎng)營(yíng)銷(xiāo)、生產(chǎn)制造、質(zhì)量控制、服務(wù)維護(hù)、工程技術(shù)等。ERP 可以說(shuō)是MRPII 的一個(gè)擴(kuò)展。
MRPII起源于美國(guó)，其誕生環(huán)境是大批量生產(chǎn)方式，強(qiáng)調(diào)計(jì)劃推動(dòng)、資源的合理利用以及物料需求規(guī)劃及與計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)的整合[4]。以MRPII為核心算法的企業(yè)管理軟件就是企業(yè)資源計(jì)劃系統(tǒng)。
1.2.2約束理論
約束理論(Theory of Constraints，TOC)是以色列物理學(xué)家戈德拉特博士(Dr.Eliyahu M．G01dratt)在他的最優(yōu)生產(chǎn)技術(shù)(Optimized Production Technology，OPT)的基礎(chǔ)上發(fā)展起來(lái)的[5]。TOC理論是一套關(guān)于進(jìn)行改進(jìn)和如何最好地實(shí)施這些改進(jìn)的管理理念和管理原則，可以幫助企業(yè)識(shí)別出在實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)的過(guò)程中存在著哪些制約因素，TOC理論稱(chēng)之為“約束”，
并進(jìn)一步指出如何實(shí)施必要的改進(jìn)來(lái)一一消除這些約束，從而更有效地實(shí)現(xiàn)企業(yè)目標(biāo)。
1.2.3準(zhǔn)時(shí)制生產(chǎn)
JIT是精益生產(chǎn)的核心管理體系之一，即“只在需要時(shí)，按需要的量，生產(chǎn)所需的產(chǎn)品”，這也是Just In Time一詞所要表達(dá)的含義[6]。這種生產(chǎn)方式的核心理念是是追求零庫(kù)存、零浪費(fèi)、零不良、零故障、零災(zāi)害、零停滯，并為此開(kāi)發(fā)了包括看板在內(nèi)的一系列具體實(shí)施方法和運(yùn)行系統(tǒng)，并逐漸發(fā)展形成了精益生產(chǎn)體系。JIT生產(chǎn)方式的特點(diǎn)是零庫(kù)存，并能夠快速的應(yīng)對(duì)市場(chǎng)的變化，其生產(chǎn)組織方式是拉式生產(chǎn)，即以市場(chǎng)需求作為企業(yè)組織生產(chǎn)的源動(dòng)力。
另外，還有柔性制造系統(tǒng)、敏捷制造和集成化技術(shù)、并行工程等先進(jìn)的管理思想，這些現(xiàn)代化管理思想的引進(jìn)和實(shí)施，均有助于企業(yè)改善目前的生產(chǎn)管理環(huán)境，幫助企業(yè)準(zhǔn)確、快速的響應(yīng)客戶(hù)需求，降低生產(chǎn)成本，提高企業(yè)綜合效益。
但目前企業(yè)最急需解決的就是生產(chǎn)管理不善的問(wèn)題，由于缺乏合理的生產(chǎn)管理技術(shù)，導(dǎo)致企業(yè)出現(xiàn)生產(chǎn)與需求不符，過(guò)量生產(chǎn)，滯后生產(chǎn)和生產(chǎn)不均衡等現(xiàn)象，從而產(chǎn)生浪費(fèi)。因此，本課題將從改善企業(yè)生產(chǎn)管理模式入手，引進(jìn)日本看板生產(chǎn)系統(tǒng)，通過(guò)設(shè)計(jì)適合我國(guó)企業(yè)生產(chǎn)運(yùn)作的看板生產(chǎn)系統(tǒng)，來(lái)幫助企業(yè)達(dá)到均衡生產(chǎn)、準(zhǔn)時(shí)生產(chǎn)和經(jīng)濟(jì)生產(chǎn)。 2看板生產(chǎn)系統(tǒng)的產(chǎn)生發(fā)展及國(guó)內(nèi)外應(yīng)用現(xiàn)狀
2.1看板生產(chǎn)系統(tǒng)的產(chǎn)生和發(fā)展
20世紀(jì)50年代初，當(dāng)時(shí)在豐田汽車(chē)公司機(jī)械工廠(chǎng)工作的大野耐一，從美國(guó)超級(jí)市場(chǎng)的管理結(jié)構(gòu)和工作程序中受到啟發(fā)，從而找到了通過(guò)看板來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)“非常準(zhǔn)時(shí)”思想的方法[7]。豐田生產(chǎn)方式(Toyota Production system，簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng)TPS)， 基本思想是按需準(zhǔn)時(shí)生產(chǎn)，即“在需要的時(shí)間，把所需的物品，按規(guī)定的數(shù)量，完好無(wú)損地送到規(guī)定的地點(diǎn)”，不贊成提前生產(chǎn)與過(guò)量生產(chǎn)，因而有效地避免了庫(kù)存積壓和流動(dòng)資金的固化。TPS 嚴(yán)格根據(jù)訂貨與預(yù)測(cè)組織生產(chǎn)，通過(guò)看板在工序間傳遞物料需求信息，并利用看板的權(quán)威性將生產(chǎn)控制權(quán)下放到各工序。這時(shí)，看板生產(chǎn)系統(tǒng)應(yīng)運(yùn)而生。
從狹義上講，看板是生產(chǎn)信號(hào)的傳遞工具，從廣義上講，表示拉動(dòng)生產(chǎn)，是一種生產(chǎn)計(jì)劃和物料控制技術(shù)�？窗骞芾硎窃谕坏拦ば蚧蛘咔昂蠊ば蛑g進(jìn)行物流或信息流的傳遞方
【witness開(kāi)題報(bào)告】相關(guān)文章：
開(kāi)題報(bào)告-開(kāi)題報(bào)告12-15
課題開(kāi)題報(bào)告格式與開(kāi)題報(bào)告的寫(xiě)法07-06
課題開(kāi)題報(bào)告的格式及開(kāi)題報(bào)告的寫(xiě)法12-22
有關(guān)開(kāi)題報(bào)告課題來(lái)源的開(kāi)題報(bào)告文章12-30
課題開(kāi)題報(bào)告格式及寫(xiě)開(kāi)題報(bào)告的技巧07-07
開(kāi)題報(bào)告格式與開(kāi)題報(bào)告寫(xiě)作技巧01-15
開(kāi)題報(bào)告格式02-05
管理的開(kāi)題報(bào)告02-05