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高中英語完形填空解題技巧
完型填空是高考英語的必考題型,既考查同學們的英語基礎(chǔ)知識的綜合運用能力,又考查對短文的閱讀和理解能力,綜合性強所以難度較大。以下是小編為大家整理的高中英語完形填空解題技巧,文章內(nèi)容僅供參考,想要知道更多的資訊,請多多留意CN人才網(wǎng)!
1. 通讀全文,掌握大意,重視首句,啟示全文
考生首先要通讀全文,了解文章的內(nèi)容、中心思想及文章結(jié)構(gòu),從整體上感知全文,掌握文中時間、地點、人物及事件。對于個別不理解的詞句,只要不影響理解就不要管它。
“完形填空”一般采取首句不設(shè)空的原則,其目的是使讀者進入語境,以便對理解全文有重要的啟示。因此考生要重視并細讀首句,并據(jù)此來判斷文章的體裁、題材,推測全文的主旨和大意,推斷故事發(fā)生的人物、時間、地點、氣氛等多方面的信息。如2004年全國卷I 這篇完形填空,看了首句It was the night before the composition was due. As I looked at the list of topics(題目),“The Art of Eating Spaghetti(意大利面條)”caught my eye.后,我們可大體上推斷,這篇文章與寫作文“吃意大利面條”有關(guān),這樣對于我們理解全文起到了很關(guān)鍵的作用。
2. 瞻前顧后,通篇考慮,緊扣文章,結(jié)合語法
了解了文章的主旨大意后,我們就可以聯(lián)系上下文,瞻前顧后,運用邏輯思維對選項進行分析、比較、判斷,選出符合邏輯及情理的選項。選題時可嘗試從以下幾個方面考慮:
1上下文語境角度考慮
上下文語境包括選擇項與所在句子中的語義聯(lián)系,所在句與周圍句群的關(guān)系,所在句在本段中所起的作用,所在句在整篇短文中所起的作用以及與文章主題思想的關(guān)系等。
例:(全國II) 完形填空片斷:
Tracy Wong is a well-known Chinese American writer. But her writing __36__ was something she picked up by herself. After her first__37__, teaching disabled children, she became a part-time writer for IBM. __38__, writing stories was simply a __39__ interest.
36. A. skill B. experience
C. practice D. method
【解析】 答案A。本題考查詞義及搭配能力。她的寫作技巧是她自己練出來的。pick up a skill 是練成/學會的一種技能,從搭配上看合理。
37. A. duty B. effort
C. job D. task
【解析】答案C。此題考查上下文語境的判斷能力?蘸蟮膖eaching disabled children 是前面內(nèi)容的同位語,教殘疾兒童是一種工作,且后文“part-time writer”(業(yè)余作家),也說明她有一份工作。
38. A. Instead B. Normally
C. Certainly D. Then
【解析】答案D。結(jié)合上下文根據(jù)詞義,可知答案為D, Then 意為“在當時”。
39. A. general B. deep
C. personal D. lively
【解析】答案C。全句意為:在當時,寫作不過是她的一項個人興趣(不是工作或謀生的手段)。
2從詞匯意義及用法的角度考慮
例:(2004 浙江)完形填空片斷
“It was all his own idea,” says Pat, the wife of California high school football coach Bob Peters. Bob had __36__ made a “motherhood contract”- declaring that for 70 days this summer he would __37__ the care of their four children and all the housework. __38__ he didn't even know how to make coffee when sighed, he was very confident.
36. A. only B. just
C. nearly D. ever
【解析】答案B。本題考查副詞詞義的辨析能力。Bob剛剛和妻子Pat簽訂了一份“母親合同”——宣稱今年夏天七十天里他將接管照料孩子們的工作以及一切家務(wù)。only表示“僅僅”;nearly表示“幾乎、密切地”;over表示“結(jié)束、越過、從頭到尾”的意思。
37. A. stick to B. set about
C. think about D. take over
【解析】答案D。本題考查動詞詞義辨析能力。take over 意為“接管”。 stick to表示“粘住”;set about表示“開始、著手”的意思;think about表示“考慮、回想”的意思,此處只有D項最符合句意。
38. A. If B. As
C. Since D. Although
【解析】答案D。本題考查狀語從句的引導詞。句意:雖然他在簽合同時連如何煮咖啡都不知,但他還是很自信。although引導表示讓步的狀語從句,符合句意。if表示“如果”,引導條件狀語從句;表示“是否”,引導賓語從句。as作“盡管”講時,從句部分必須是倒裝語序。since表示“既然”時引導原因狀語從句;表示“自從”時引導時間狀語從句。
3邏輯推理、常識等角度考慮
高考完形填空往往以自身的內(nèi)容提供相對完整的語篇信息,其間交織滲透著各類相關(guān)的文化背景知識和常識,當對語言的把握不很準確時,可充分利用社會文化知識和生活常識來幫助判斷。
例:(2004 湖北)完形填空片斷
The couple called around to find a tire. No __43__ .They decided to let her use their own car. “Here,” Paul said, handling Clay a __44__ of keys.
43. A. way B. message
C. success D. luck
【解析】答案D。no luck 為固定短語,意為:“運氣不好”,表示沒有找到好的車胎。
44. A. set B. number
C. pair D. chain
【解析】答案A。a set of意為“一副/套/串”,a number of 意為“許多”,a pair of意為“一雙”,chain意為“鎖鏈,鏈條”。根據(jù)生活常識,應為a set of keys(一串鑰匙)。
3. 代入答案,復讀全文,核對文意,糾正錯誤
完成選擇后,要再花一兩分鐘,把所選答案代入空格,復讀全文,核對文意,驗證詞匯、語法是否符合句型結(jié)構(gòu);句子是否流暢,上下文邏輯關(guān)系是否一致,全文是否緊湊且渾然一體,同時把自己認為錯誤的答案改正過來。
最后,同學們可以自己做做下面這篇完形填空哦
A Strange Greeting, a True Feeling Last week I was invited to a doctor’s meeting at the Ruth hospital for incurables. In one of the wards a patient, an old man, got up shakily from his bed and moved towards me. I could see that he hadn't long to __1__, but he came up to me and placed his right foot close mine on the floor.
“Frank!” I cried in astonishment. He couldn’t __2__, as I knew, but all the time __3__ his foot against mine.
My __4__ raced back more than thirty years to the __5__ days of 1941, when I was a student in London. The __6__ was an air-raid shelter, in which I and about hundred other people slept every night. Two of the regulars were Mrs. West and her son Frank.
__7__ wartime problems, we shelter-dwellers got to __8__ each other very well. Frank West __9__ me because he wasn’t __10__, not even at birth. His mother told me he was 37 then, but he had __11__ of a mind than a baby has. His “__12__” consisted of rough sounds——sounds of pleasure or anger and __13__ more. Mrs. West, then about 75, was a strong, capable woman, as she had to be, of course, because Frank __14__ on her entirely. He needed all the __15__ of a baby.
One night a policeman came and told Mrs. West that her house had been flattened by a 500-pounder. She __16__ nearly everything she owned.
When that sort of thing happened, the rest of us helped the __17__ ones. So before we __18__ that morning, I stood beside Frank and __19__ my right foot against his. They were about the same size. That night, then, I took a pair of shoes to the shelter for frank. But as soon as he saw me he came running and placed his right foot against mine. After that, his__ 20__ to me was always the same.
1. A. work B. stay C. live D. expect
2. A. answer B. speak C. smile D. laugh
3. A. covering B. moving C. fighting D. pressing
4. A. minds B. memories C. thoughts D. brains
5. A. better B. dark C. younger D. old
6. A. cave B. place C. sight D. scene
7. A. Discussing B. Solving C. Sharing D. Suffering
8. A. learn from B. talk to C. help D. know
9. A. needed B. recognized C. interested D. encouraged
10. A. normal B. common C. unusual D. quick
11. A. more B. worse C. fewer D. less
12. A. word B. speech C. sentence D. language
13. A. not B. no C. something D. nothing
14. A. fed B. kept C. lived D. depended
15. A. attention B. control C. treatment D. management
16. A. lost B. needed C. destroyed D. left
17. A. troublesome B. unlucky C. angry D. unpopular
18. A. separated B. went C. reunited D. returned
19. A. pushed B. tried C. showed D. measured
20.A. nodding B. greeting C. meeting D. acting
答案與簡析
文章介紹了作者和弗蘭克的特殊關(guān)系,讓作者有了一種不尋常的感覺。從選項中可以看出,本大題主要還是考查了詞匯的辨析與運用,但更加注重綜合語言能力的運用,需要根據(jù)上下文,了解詞匯用法的同時,結(jié)合語境,做出準確的判斷
1. C. 考查動詞辨析:A. work工作,B. stay停留,C. live生活,D. expect期望,上文的“incurables"表明這位老人是不治之癥患者,當然存活的時間不會太長。
2. A. 考查動詞:A. answer回答B(yǎng). speak說話C. smile微笑. Laugh嘲笑,句意,他不能回答。
3. D. 考查動詞辨析:A. covering覆蓋,B. moving移動C. fighting 斗爭D. pressing 按壓,由上下文暗示可知,將37歲的Frank與一個嬰兒的智力進行比較,說明Frank的智力肯定不正常。他不能用語言回答別人的問話,但內(nèi)心有一定的反應,因此一見到我便將右腳靠著我的右腳以示問候,第一節(jié)最后一句和最后一小節(jié)的上下文暗示也能說明這一點。
4. B. 考查名詞:A. minds思維,B. memories記憶C. thoughts想法D. brains大腦,F(xiàn)rank的這一舉動使我的記憶一下子回到了30年前。
5. B. 考查形容詞:A. better更好的B. dark黑暗的,C. younger年輕的,D. old老的,下文交待30年前作者的生活,當時他只能住在防空洞中,生活一定很苦,這樣的歲月當然是黑暗的歲月。
6. D. 考查名詞:A. cave山洞,B. place地方C. sight視野D. scene場景,作者回憶30年前的生活,頭腦中出現(xiàn)了防空洞的情景。
7. C. 考查動詞:A. Discussing討論B. Solving解決C. Sharing分享,分擔,D. Suffering遭受,句意:在戰(zhàn)爭問題上由于擁有共同的話題,我們這些防空洞居住者逐漸了解了對方。
8. D. 考查動詞:A. learn from向…學習,B. talk to談?wù)揅. help 幫助,D. know了解,在戰(zhàn)爭問題上由于擁有共同的話題,我們這些防空洞居住者逐漸了解了對方。
9. C. 考查動詞:A. needed需要,B. recognized認識C. interested使…感興趣D. encouraged鼓勵,句意:一個37歲的人智力卻不正常,這一現(xiàn)象逐漸吸引了我的注意。
10. A. 考查形容詞:A. normal正常B. common共同的,C. unusual不尋常的,D. quick快的。
11. D. 考查形容詞比較級:A. more越來越多的,B. worse更糟的,C. fewer更少D. less更少,盡管Frank已經(jīng)37歲,但智力還不如一個嬰兒。
12. B. 考查名詞:A. word單詞,B. speech演講C. sentence句子,D. language語言。他的講話僅體現(xiàn)了內(nèi)心的快樂和憤怒,沒有更多實在的內(nèi)容。
13. B. 考查不定代詞:A. not不是,B. no不,C. something某個東西,D. nothing沒什么。
14. D. 考查動詞:A. fed喂養(yǎng)B. kept保存C. lived生活D. depended依賴,West夫人不得不強壯而又有能力,因為Frank完全依靠于她,他需要嬰兒似的全部照料。
15. A. 考查名詞:A. attention關(guān)心B. control控制C. treatment治療D. management管理,他需要嬰兒似的全部照料。
16. A. 考查動詞:A. lost失去B. needed需要,C. destroyed破壞D. left離開,
她幾乎失去了一切。
17. B. 考查形容詞:A. troublesome惱人的B. unlucky不幸的,C. angry 生氣的,D. unpopular不受歡迎的,West夫人遭受這么大的損失,我們只好盡力幫助這不幸的一家人。
18. A. 考查動詞:A. separated分離,B. went去C. reunited重聚D. returned回到,在我們分手的時候。
19. D. 考查動詞:A. pushed推動B. tried努力C. showed展示D. measured量,句意:那天早上臨走前,我站在Frank身邊,將我的右腳靠著Frank 的右腳以便量出他腳的大小。
20. B. 考查動詞:A. nodding點頭,B. greeting問候C. meeting遇見D. acting表演,目的是為他買一雙鞋子,哪知Frank將我的這一動作看成是問候的表現(xiàn),從此他就用這一動作來問候我,這就有了本文開頭的那種情景。
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