考研完形填空解題技巧

　　目標:6分到7分.

　　完型4分技巧: 和英語水平無關。

　　紅花綠葉原則,

　　1. 紅花詞匯(必選的單詞) however although yet because

　　2. 綠葉詞匯(必不選的單詞) ①since(家族都不選) even since ,now that,what. ②涉及虛擬語氣的詞匯(表示與現(xiàn)實相反或不相符的情況) if only 但愿. 與過去相反, 從句過去完成與現(xiàn)在相反,一般過去時與將來情況相反would/could+v 所以用if only 最少是過去時.一般在文中很少選擇,in case(唯恐,萬一以免),lest,or else.(否則要不然) ③表示關于的詞as to，with regard to，about，with︱in reference to，

　　3. 2-5道紅花綠葉詞匯. 概率原則：

　　1. 每篇完形填空中，A,B,C,D作為正確選項的個數(shù)在4-6之間。

　　2. A選項出現(xiàn)的次數(shù)最多，蒙一水的A。

　　3. 沒有連續(xù)三個答案都一樣的情況。連續(xù)兩個答案都連在一起的答案0-3.相鄰答案都不一 樣的概率17-20.

　　4. 五組答案中至少要出現(xiàn)3個字母作為正確選項，每組接縫處沒有連續(xù)兩個答案是一樣的 情況。 5. 閱讀理解也有此規(guī)律。

　　4-7分技巧：

　　同義原則：

　　1. 四個選項中兩個或三個實詞(名、動、形、副)互為同義時，答案往往在其中。

　　2. 四個選項中當兩個或三個虛詞互為同義詞是往往都不選，介詞，連詞，感嘆詞。

　　3. 當四個選項有一個共同的意思時，該意思往往不能被選。邏輯關系題原則：最重要的一個(7個左右)，通過前后句的意思及其內在關系來判定答案的題目。(本質上是閱讀)。

　　內容：對立>因果>并列>總分>遞進。

　　1.表示對立關系：(3分) ①轉折：however、but、yet、nevertheless ②讓步：although、though、even though、even if 、much as、as，while、whereas 其它：against、instead of、rather than、admit、ignoring、on the contrary、by constrast。

　　對立關系考點： ①后句對前句直接否定是，叫轉折。當后句是對前句間接部分否定時，叫讓步。Although和but，because和for不能在同一句中同時出現(xiàn)。Although、because從屬連詞。But、for(and)并列連詞。從屬連詞既可以放在句首，又可以放在句中，從屬連詞放在句中時前面一般不加逗號。而并列連詞只能放在句中，前面逗號可加可不加。For后面跟的是一個句就是連詞不可以放，如果只是一個名詞時就是介詞短語可以隨意放的. ②ough做副詞時可以插入狀語。放于中間時前后都要有逗號。 ③while和whereas的區(qū)別。While可引導省略式的狀語從句，whereas不行。

　　因果關系A是對比關系。C和d是并列關系用詞，但是文中分號的作用已經說明邏輯關系，不用再用c和d。

　　Most theories of juvenile delinquency have focused on children from disadvantaged families, 26 the fact that children from wealthy homes also commit crimes. The latter may commit crimes 27 lack of adequate parental control. All theories, however, are tentative and are 28 to criticism.

　　26.[A] considering [B] ignoring [C] highlighting [D] discarding

　　27.[A] on [B] in [C] for [D] with 表對立，c之所以不行使因為和also重復。

　　The homeless make up a growing percentage of America’s population. __1__ homelessness has reached such proportions that local government can’t possibly __2__. To help homeless people __3__ independence, the federal government must support job training programs, __4__ the minimum wage, and fund more low-cost housing.

　　1. [A] Indeed [B] Likewise [C] Therefore [D] Furthermore Such…..that 表因果所以c不可選,重復了. 3并列關系.常用詞:and、as well as、likewise、while、similarly、simultaneously、meanwhile. And題三種做題方法:a,and前后選擇同意詞.2003 23.此考法比較少B.and前后考同一個范圍的詞。如03年25題。 C.句子對應成分分析。如形對形。

　　A variety of activities should be organized 35 participants can remain active as long as they want and then go on to 36 else without feeling guilty and without letting the other participants .

　　37. [A] off [B] down [C] out [D] alone Let down失望，沮喪let off 泄漏let out 淘汰let alone 更不用說，不用去管。

　　Teachers need to be aware of the emotional, intellectual, and physical changes that young adults experience. And they also need to give serious 21 to how they can best 22 such changes.

　　21. [A] thought [B] idea [C] opinion [D] advice 句子之間的并列關系。Giveidea/opinion+on/about 搭配不對give advice to sb on sth。

　　Many theories concerning the causes of juvenile delinquency (crimes committed by young people) focus either on the individual or on society as the major contributing influence. Theories 21 on the individual suggest that children engage in criminal behavior 22 they were not sufficiently penalized for previous misdeeds or that they have learned criminal behavior through 23 with others. Theories focusing on the role of society suggest that children commit crimes in 24 to their failure to rise above their socioeconomic status 25 as a rejection of middle-class values.(2003)

　　21.[A] acting [B] relying [C] centering [D] commenting　　While可引導省略式的狀語從句的條件：一從句主語和主句主語相一致，二，從句是系表結構。滿足這兩個條件后，從句的主語和系東西可省略。例：The phenomenon provides a way for companies to remain globally competitive 48 avoiding market cycles and the growing burdens 49 by employment rules, healthcare costs and pension plans.

　　48.[A] but [B] while [C] and [D] whereas The phenomenon is avoiding while:盡管，雖然當…..的時候于此同時.④判斷對立關系的標準：A.根據句子意思標準. B.根據褒貶色彩。

　　He must use this surplus in three ways: as seed for sowing, as an insurance 43 the unpredictable effects of bad weather and as a commodity which he must sell in order to 44 old agricultural implements and obtain chemical fertilizers to 45 the soil."Benefits" have been weighed 40 "harmful" outcomes. And generalizations have proved difficult

　　40.[A] above [B] upon [C] against [D] with C.根據句式結構,前面肯定后面否定,或者前面否定,后面肯定. 例如:not題目兩個句子之間的關系;選項是一些表對立關系的詞。

　　All these conditions tend to increase the probability of a child committing a criminal act, 40 a direct causal relationship has not yet been established. 40.[A] provided [B] since [C] although [D]supposing 38 This does not mean that adults must accept irresponsibility. 38 they can help students acquire a sense of commitment by 39 for roles that are within their 40 and their attention spans and by having clearly stated rules.

　　38. [A] on the contrary [B] on the average C] on the whole [D] on the other hand B項一定要有數(shù)字才能用，D項一定要有on one hand48 31題。P54 6題。每年都有一道not題目。⑤注意，邏輯關系題目優(yōu)先做的理由A.選項都認識b范圍確定c.往往不需要通讀全文,只要看前后句子. 三板斧:紅花綠葉，邏輯關系，同義原則。

　　2.因果關系 表原因的詞:because、in that、now that、since、as、for、as a result of、considering

　　表結果的詞：so that，such that、as a result 、lead to、consequently、therefore、hence、thus、so

　　34題目Families have also 33 changes these years. More families consist of one parent households or two working parents; 34 , children are likely to have less supervision at home 35 was common in the traditional family 36 .

　　34. [A] contrarily [B] consequently [C]similar [D] simultaneously

　　22.[A] before [B] unless [C] until [D] because

　　23.[A] interactions [B] assimilation [C] cooperation [D] consultation

　　24.[A] return [B] reply [C] reference [D] response

　　25.[A] or [B] but rather [C] but [D] or else 本段總分結構，2，3句話是并列結構。focusing on 以…..為焦點,對應21題目的選項. In reference to 關于綠葉詞in reply to 對…...進行答復in return to作為…..的報答. In response to 對…..作出反應.failure to 沒能夠,未能夠. 4. 總分關系:for example、for instance(插入狀語) 、such as、including.

　　例:2001The government is to ban payments to witnesses by newspapers seeking to buy up people involved in prominent cases 31 the trial of Rosemary West.

　　31.[A] as to [B] for instance [C] in particular [D] such as prominent cases重大案件the trial of Rosemary West 羅斯瑪麗的小案as to關于綠葉.b要當選前后要有逗號.

　　2003However, the typical teenage lifestyle is already filled with so much competition that it would be 27 to plan activities in which there are more winners than losers, 28 . publishing newsletters with many student-written book reviews, 29 student artwork, and sponsoring book discussion clubs.

　　28. [A] in effect [B] as a result [C] for example [D] in a sense 13年來考察的插入狀語. for example、for instance though.

　　5. 遞進關系(考的不多):still、also、indeed、furhermore(進一步)、moreover(而且， 除外)highlighting(突出強調) a.遞進關系是并列關系的一種。

　　B.stil與also的區(qū)別。Still是指意見事情的遞進。Also可以指一件，有可以指兩件事情。C.furthermore僅指同一間事情的遞進，indeed，可以指一件，有可以指兩件事情。最好能做對8-9個。 復現(xiàn)原則:某一概念在完型填空中出現(xiàn)兩次或者兩次以上時，它的提法應該是以一樣的，也就是相對應的成分彼此互為答案。

　　The explanation for insensitivity to smell seems to be that brain finds it __14__ to keep all smell receptors working all the time but can __15__ new receptors if necessary. This may __16__ explain why we are not usually sensitive to our own smells we simply do not need to be. We are not __17__ of the usual smell of our own house but we __18__ new smells when we visit someone else’s. The brain finds itbest to keep smell receptors __19__ for unfamiliar and emergency signals __20__ the smell of smoke, which might indicate the danger of fire.

　　16. [A]stil [B]also [C]otherwise [D]nevertheless

　　17. [A]sure [B]sick [C]aware [D]tired

　　18. [A]tolerate [B]repel [C]neglect [D]notice

　　19. [A]availabe [B]reliable [C]identifiable[D]suitable

　　20. [A]similar to[B]such as [C]along with [D]aside from

　　2003…..Changes in the social structure may indirectly 29 juvenile crime rates. For example, changes in the economy (that 30 to fewer job opportunities for youth and rising unemployment 31 )make gainful employment increasingly difficult to obtain. The resulting discontent may in 32 lead more youths into criminal behavior. Families have also 33 changes these years. More families consist of one parent households or two working parents; 34 , children are likely to have less supervision at home 35 was common in the traditional family 36 . This lack of parental supervision is thought to be an influence on juvenile crime rates. Othe……

　　29. [A] affect [B] reduce [C] check [D] reflect

　　30. [A] point [B] lead [C] come [D] amount

　　31. [A] in general [B] on average [C] by contrast [D] at length

　　32. [A] case [B] short [C] turn [D] essence

　　33. [A] survived [B] noticed [C] undertaken [D] experienced

　　34. [A] contrarily [B] consequently [C]similar [D] simultaneously

　　35. [A] than [B] that [C] which [D] as

　　36. [A] system [B] structure [C] concept [D] heritage 31,that處，名詞后加that，兩種可能性定語從句或者同位語，完整的一句話是同位語，缺成分的是從句。本處缺主語。根據主語和賓語的邏輯關系來選擇，他們的邏輯關系直接決定謂語的選擇。

　　31處.后面是的make/keep/find +賓語+賓語補足語.13年之考過這三個詞引導過賓語和賓補.

　　33前面also表示遞進,是三段引領的總分結構,為了做36題目.36題呼應29前面的. 2004的要背一背.2003的要背一背.

　　表語原則: 如果所考空是標語,那么主語就是線索當標語是名詞時它和主語是對等關系;當標語是形容詞時或相當于形容詞時和主語是修飾關系.第五步：v，n，adj，adv。

　　As was discussed before, it was not 22 the 19thcentury that the newspaper became the dominant pre-electronic 23 , following in the wake of the pamphlet and the book and in the 24 of the periodical. It was during the same time that the communications revolution 25 up, beginning with transport, the railway, and leading 26 through the telegraph, the telephone, radio, and motion pictures 27 the 20th century world of the motor car and the airplane. Not everyone sees that process in 28 It is important to do so.

　　23.[A] means [B] method [C] medium [D] measure

　　The speaker who does not have specific words in his working vocabulary may be 49 to explain or describe in a 50 that can be understood by his listeners.

　　49.[A] obscure [B] difficult [C] impossible [D] unable 主語是the speaker .只有d可以修飾人. 殺熟原則: 標準:是否在歷年真題中出現(xiàn)過,以05年的為例.2005年與歷年真題的對應關系, 1.C - 97年p42 48題A. 6.A - 97年44 A 9.D-97 48題D 10.B-03年P51,33題A 11.C-94年p39,48題C 13.D- 04P53 39C

　　17.C-04.p53,39 B 18.D- 04. p33.B 19.A 97 .P43 45C 20.B-01.P46.31D 復習700個單詞夠了。

　　完形填空的7分以上技巧1. 動詞題解題方法。 ①看主語，注意主謂搭配一致。a.看主語是人還是物. 主語必須是人的動詞:believe,doubt,intend,require,respect,regard,be impressed by,notice,present. 主語必須是物的:manifest

　　②主謂一致原則 (考的比較少了)p39 43. Too often, careless use of words 43 a meeting of the minds of the speaker and listener. 43.[A] encourages [B] prevents[C] destroy [D] offers A.鼓勵D.提供,求婚. 單數(shù)③看賓語，注意動賓搭配一致。 a.看賓語是具體名詞還是抽象名詞。

　　He must use this surplus in three ways: as seed for sowing, as an insurance 43 the unpredictable effects of bad weather and as a commodity which he must sell in order to 44 old agricultural implements and obtain chemical fertilizers to 45 the soil.

　　45.[A] enhance [B] mix [C] feed [D] raise D.Raise 養(yǎng)活a.提高增強enhance+抽象名詞如效率，質量等。enhance+抽象名詞 feed，label，fasten+具體名詞。Tighten+抽象具體都可以。

　　In a significant 32 of legal controls over the press, Lord Irvine, the Lord Chancellor,

　　32.[A] tightening [B] intensifying [C] focusing [D] fastening 動名詞+of+賓語=動詞+賓語。同義原則a和d。p45.45 p46 32 p43.50. b. 看賓語是人還是物。

　　賓語只能是人的動詞，assure，impress，side with，share with，confide to，Credit sth. to sb 賓語既可以是人有可以是物的動詞:ensure, agree with. Concerns were raised 49 witnesses might be encouraged to exaggerate their stories in court to 50 guilty verdict.有罪判決.

　　50.[A] assure [B] confide [C] ensure [D] guarantee 同義原則a,c,d.assure sb .of sth. Asure sb.that. P46.50 P48 38 P43 50.

　　The communications revolution has 38 both work and leisure and how we think and feel both about place and time, but there have been 39 views about its economic, political, social and cultural implications

　　38.[A] regarded [B] impressed [C] influenced [D] effected 選擇一個主語和賓語都是sth的東西.Impressed主動語態(tài)賓語一定要是人.同義原則.c和d.effect都是不良的影響.c.根據主語和賓語的邏輯關系來判定動詞.(考的比較少,但是未來的發(fā)展方向. Changes economy fewer jobs. A.lead to b.amount to P46 38. p52 30.主賓一起看的題目. D.從及物和不及物的角度出發(fā)做題.重點不及物,及物動詞太多了.詞組也存在及物和不及物的. P45.44 p43.49. p48 25 p39 44. p56 2..

　　E.根據動詞后的介詞及介詞短語解題.laid down that everybody was 45 to privacy and that public figures could go to court to protect themselves and their families.

　　45.[A] authorized [B] credited [C] entitled [D] qualified To是介詞p46(37,45) F.考慮句子中能夠對動詞過程限制的成分.(一般只形容詞) In order to old agricultural implements。A.purchase b. supplement c.replace. 背東西時就要注意這些的方向.

　　2. 名詞題 A. 名詞作主語時,謂語和標語就是線索. B. 名詞是賓語是謂語東西就是線索. C. 根據名詞前后介詞判斷.名詞和介詞的固定搭配就是.

　　Approach to, key to, answer to ,confidence in,confident of. Specialist in,attitude to/toward ,research into,by contrast. P43.48. p40 45. p53 24. purpose for d.當名詞后出現(xiàn)定語從句或者同位語從句，從句是線索。將是名詞的重要發(fā)展方向。 _11__ when homeless individuals manage to find a __12__ that will give them three meals a day and a place to sleep at night, a good number still spend the bulk of each day __13__ the street.

　　12. [A] lodging [B] shelter [C] dwelling [D] house A.旅店b.避難所.救濟所. C棲息地 P46 33.49. p48.37. p50.25. p52.35 p56.12. E.通過已有名詞判定所選名字.

　　39 of the letter came two days after Lord Irvine caused a 40 of media protest when he said the 41 of privacy controls contained in European legislation would be left to judges 42 to Parliament.

　　39.[A]Release [B] Publication [C] Printing [D] Exposure Exposure to 曝光,暴露,接觸c.印刷letter是單數(shù).a.發(fā)行.發(fā)行要很多的.b.發(fā)表. P46. 39.41 形容詞題: A. 形容詞做標語時,主語就是線索.p39 49 . p50.27.26 B. 有副詞對形容詞進行修飾時,副詞就是線索. 2001 Human Rights legally 44 in Britain, laid down that(和法律有關系)

　　44.[A] binding [B] convincing [C] restraining [D] sustaining P46.44 c.有多個修飾成分同時修飾一個名詞，答案就在修飾成分中。

　　2001 will introduce a 33 bill that will propose making payments to witnesses 34 and will strictly control the amount of 35 that can be given to a case 36 a trial begins.

　　33.[A]sketch [B] rough [C] preliminary [D] draft Bill受到前面和后面定語從句的修飾。33前面的選擇取決于后面的定語從句。

　　P46 33. p50 33. C. 形容詞修飾名詞是,名詞就是線索 .39 of the letter came two days after Lord Irvine caused a 40 of media protest when he said(抗議)

　　40.[A]storm [B] rage [C] flare [D] flash Rage憤怒,語義重復, flare 一閃而過的光flash 一閃而過的光(同義原則本題失手) 副詞題: A. 利用主旨做題p45.50. B. 同義原則.p43.46 p51.33 p56.33 C. 利用時態(tài)做題.p42.47.瞬間性的副詞不能用在進行時態(tài)之中的.it is 47 changing the relationship between people and their jobs.

　　47.[A] instantly(瞬間) [B] reversely [C] fundamentally [D] sufficiently(也不能) What是綠葉,what三大特點A. what引導主賓表從句. B. What前部能用名詞.不引導定語和同位語從句. C. What 后面的從句不完整.d.從句不完整,98%定語從句,1%what從句,1%省略式的狀語 從句.定語從句和狀語從句缺少的成分不同,定語從句缺少的是名詞和狀語,省略是狀語從句缺少的是動詞和主語,大部分從句是完整的.

　　完形填空中的收尾: 完形填空解題的順序：先看選項，1.紅花綠葉原則，2.邏輯關系題目。3.同義原則。4殺熟原則5.固定搭配和從句原則在看文章 針對文章：讀文章手段，看態(tài)度。什么都不做劃，not和and第一步：not題(找not，兩個句子間前否后肯，前肯后否。選項前后對立邏輯關系詞匯)

　　第二步：and題目，第三步：標語題。第四步：復現(xiàn)詞。第五步：v n adj adv 第六步：概率原則 固定搭配近年考的比較多的:中心詞是動詞的固定搭配.從句原則which不能引導定語從句要用that,if-whether. 定語從句永遠不能省略動詞。

　　定語從句:as .than, but. As 1.as可以做關系代詞引導定語從句, 其先行及詞可以名詞也可以是句子;2.as引導的定語從句位置靈活.As we know,he is honest. 3.as和which的區(qū)別 A.引導限制性的定語從句中, as只能用在固定結構里.as…..as. so…..as. such…….as The same ….as which沒有限制. I have many books which displayed here. I have as mangy books as displayed here. B.在引導非限制性定語從句時, 用as表示,從句和主句是一致或順承關系. 用which從句和

　　主句是不一致或對立關系. 非現(xiàn)實性和限制性,一個逗號的區(qū)別而已. He has been married ,as we expect. He has been married ,which we unexpect. P39.45. A variety of activities should be organized 35 participants can remain active as long as they want and then go on to 36 else without feeling guilty and without letting the other participants 37 . 和….一樣.第二個as 引導定語從句. Than引導定語從句 1. 只能作為關系代詞引導定語從句,缺名詞是可以用than. 2. 主句要有比較級. 3. than 后的從句缺主語. 4. than引導定語從句時，對比成分不明顯，而引導比較狀語從句時，對比成分很明顯。He is taller than I。(比較狀語) Families have also 33 changes these years. More families consist of one parent households or two working parents; 34 , children are likely to have less supervision at home 35 was common in the traditional family 36 . 35. [A] than [B] that [C] which [D] as 當先行詞用最高級修飾是，that不用which。只有有比較級別就是than。 There should be more anxieties over the risk of getting cancer than in the mind of the public。 A.exist b exists c existing d existed But引導定語從句(14年尚未出現(xiàn))1. but做關系代詞，引導定語從句2. 主句要有否定成分。3. but 相當于that。。。。not或who。。。。not 例：There is no one but errs =there is no one that doesn’t err。

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