初中英語(yǔ)同義詞替換考點(diǎn)
同義替換題是近幾年中考英語(yǔ)的常考題型,今天小編為大家整理的是同義替換題的考查類型,希望大家喜歡,歡迎閱讀參考。
1、運(yùn)用同義詞(組)進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)換
用同義詞或同義短語(yǔ)對(duì)原句中的某些詞或短語(yǔ)進(jìn)行替換,注意轉(zhuǎn)換后的詞或短語(yǔ)的詞形變化要與句子其他成分相適應(yīng)。如:
1. That day we could see flowers here and there.
That day we could see flowers __________.
答案:everywhere
解析:everywhere與here and there都表示“到處”。
2. The teacher always takes good care of the children in the school.
The teacher always ______ ______ the children well in the school.
答案:looks after
解析:take good care of與look after…well都表示“好好照顧”。
2、運(yùn)用反義詞(組)的否定式進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)換
即用反義詞或短語(yǔ)的否定式表達(dá)與原句相同的意思,主要考查學(xué)生對(duì)反義詞(短語(yǔ))的積累和換位思維的能力。如:
1. It’s clear that this visit is different from last time.
It’s clear that this visit is not the ______ ______ last time.
答案:same as
解析: be different from意為“與……不同”;the same as意為“與……相同”,其否定式與be different from同義。
2. I think wealth is less important than health.
I ______ think wealth is ______ important than health.
答案: don’t ; more
另外,有的反義詞不用與否定詞連用,只需改變句子結(jié)構(gòu)也可構(gòu)成同義句。如:
He lent some money to his friend.
His friend ______ some money ______ him.
答案:borrowed; from
解析:borrow …from …意為“向……借……”;lend…to... 意為“把……借給……”。
3、運(yùn)用不同語(yǔ)態(tài)進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)換
即運(yùn)用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)與被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的變化來(lái)轉(zhuǎn)換同義詞, 但此時(shí)要特別注意時(shí)態(tài)一致性。如:
1. Everyone should give back his library books on time.
Library books should______ ______ ______ on time.
答案:be given back
解析:被動(dòng)句中含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞should,因此助動(dòng)詞用be。
2. It is widely accepted that more people use computers in the world today.
It is widely accepted that computers ______ widely ______ in the world today.
答案:are;used
解析:computers是復(fù)數(shù)名詞,助動(dòng)詞用are。
4、非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞與延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞相互轉(zhuǎn)換
非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞與延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)換,此時(shí)往往會(huì)涉及時(shí)態(tài)的變化。如:
1. The manager left two hours ago.
The manager ______ ______ ______ for two hours.
答案: has been away
解析:leave為非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞,不能與for two hours連用,而be away則可連用一段時(shí)間。
2. The film began five minutes ago.
The film has been _____ _____ five minutes.
答案:on for
解析: has been提示時(shí)態(tài)是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài),“for + 時(shí)間段”表示“持續(xù)(一段時(shí)間)”,常用在含有現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)的句子里。
3. Mr Li joined the Party twenty years ago.
Mr Li _____ _____ _____ the Party for twenty years.
答案:has been in
5、直接引語(yǔ)與間接引語(yǔ)相互轉(zhuǎn)換
此時(shí)要注意相關(guān)時(shí)態(tài)、人稱、動(dòng)詞、狀語(yǔ)等相應(yīng)的變化。如:
1.“I’ve found my wallet,” he said to me.
He ______ me that he______ ______his wallet.
答案:told;had found
2. “Did you see her last week?” he said.
He ______ ______ I had seen her the week ______.
答案:asked if / whether; before
6、簡(jiǎn)單句與復(fù)合句之間的轉(zhuǎn)換
即將簡(jiǎn)單句變成同義的復(fù)合句或?qū)?fù)合句變成同義的簡(jiǎn)單句。如:
1. We didn’t go out for a walk because it was raining.
We didn’t go out for a walk ______ ______ the rain.
答案:because of
2. He was so excited that he couldn’t go to sleep.
He was ______ ______ ______ go to sleep.
答案:too excited to
解析:將so…that…換成too…to…結(jié)構(gòu),原句的that從句為結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句,改寫(xiě)句中的不定式仍表結(jié)果。
3. Now I will show you how to do the work.
Now I will show you ______ ______ ______ do the work.
答案:how you can
解析:即將原句中的“疑問(wèn)詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)換成賓語(yǔ)從句。
4. You should put them back after you use them.
You should put them back _____ _____ them.
答案:after using
解析:即將after引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句改寫(xiě)為after引導(dǎo)的介詞短語(yǔ)。
7、并列句與復(fù)合句之間的轉(zhuǎn)換
即將并列句變成同義的復(fù)合句或?qū)?fù)合句變成同義的并列句。如:
1. Come on, or we’ll miss the early bus.
______ we ______ hurry, we’ll miss the early bus.
答案:If;don’t
2. The man gave us a talk last week. He will give us another talk this week.
The man ______ gave us a talk last week ______ ______ us another talk this week.
答案:who / that;will give
解析:who/ that gave us a talk last week為定語(yǔ)從句,修飾先行詞man。
8、運(yùn)用關(guān)聯(lián)詞連接或合并句子
即運(yùn)用關(guān)聯(lián)詞both…and…,neither…nor…,either…or…,not only…but also…等將兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句合并為一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句。此時(shí)要注意的是,both…and…連接兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)總是用復(fù)數(shù),而neither…nor…,either…or…,not only…but also…連接兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常應(yīng)與靠近的主語(yǔ)保持一致。如:
1. Tom can’t speak Japanese well and Jim can’t, either.
______ Tom ______ Jim can speak Japanese well.
答案:Neither;nor
解析:neither…nor…表示“……和……(兩者)都不”,剛好與原句的兩個(gè)否定結(jié)構(gòu)的意思相吻合。
2. Alice has read the book and Peter has read it, too.
______ Alice ______ Peter have read the book.
答案:Both;and
解析:both…and…的意思是“……和……(兩者)都”。
3. This store sells men’s shoes, and it also sells men’s clothes.
This store sells ______ ______ men’s shoes ______ ______ men’s clothes.
答案:not only;but also
解析:not only…but also…表示“不僅……而且……”之意。
9、運(yùn)用某些經(jīng)典句式或結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)換
這類典型結(jié)構(gòu)如so…that…,too…to…,enough to,not…until…,so do I 等。如:
1. Jim wants to go boating and his parents want to go boating, too.
Jim wants to go boating, and ______ ______ his parents.
答案:so do
2. John went to bed after he finished his homework.
John ______ go to bed ______ he finished his homework.
答案:didn’t; until
解析:not…until意為“直到……才”。
延伸閱讀:初中英語(yǔ)高頻近義詞/詞組考點(diǎn)辨析
1、after, in
這兩個(gè)介詞都可以表示“……(時(shí)間)以后”。
after 以過(guò)去為起點(diǎn),表示過(guò)去一段時(shí)間之后,常用于過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)的句子中。例如:
She went after three days.
她是三天以后走的。
in 以現(xiàn)在為起點(diǎn),表將來(lái)一段時(shí)間以后,常用于將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)的句子中。例如:
She will go in three days.
她將會(huì)三天后走。
2、how long, how often, how soon
how long指多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間,主要用來(lái)對(duì)一段時(shí)間(如three days, four weeks 等)提問(wèn)。
例如:How long ago was it?
這是多久前的事了?
how often指多久一次,主要用來(lái)對(duì)頻度狀語(yǔ)(如once a week等)提問(wèn)。
例如:—How often does he come here? 他多久來(lái)一次?
—Once a month.每月一次。
how soon指多久以后,主要用來(lái)對(duì)表示將來(lái)的一段時(shí)間(in an hour, in two weeks 等)提問(wèn)。
例如:How soon can you come?
你多快能趕來(lái)?
3、few, a few, little, a little
few 和little的意思是否定的,表示“很少”或“幾乎沒(méi)有”;而a few和a little的意思是肯定的,表示“有一些,有一點(diǎn)兒”。
few 和 a few修飾可數(shù)名詞;little 和 a little 修飾不可數(shù)名詞。
4、the other, another
the other 指兩者中的“另一個(gè)”,表示特指。例如:
We stood on one side of the road and they stood on the other.
我們站在街這邊,他們站在街那邊。
another表示泛指,用來(lái)指至少三者中的另一個(gè)。
例如:She has taken another of my books.
她已經(jīng)拿了我的'另外一本書(shū)。
5、spend, take, cost, pay
spend的賓語(yǔ)是時(shí)間或金錢,句子的主語(yǔ)必須是人。例如:
She spent the whole evening in reading.
她把整個(gè)晚上用來(lái)讀書(shū)。
take用來(lái)指“花費(fèi)”時(shí)間,句子的主語(yǔ)通常是表示事物的詞語(yǔ)。例如:
How long will this job take you?
你做這項(xiàng)工作要花多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間?
cost 指花費(fèi)時(shí)間、金錢或力氣等,只能用表示事物的詞做主語(yǔ)。例如:
How much does the jacket cost?
這件夾克多少錢?
pay 主要指主語(yǔ)(某人)買某物(或?yàn)槟呈?付多少錢(給某人)。例如:
I pay for my rooms by month.
我按月支付租金。
6、speak, say, talk, tell
這四個(gè)動(dòng)詞都有“說(shuō)”的意思。
speak的意思是“講話;演講”,著重指說(shuō)話的動(dòng)作,多用作不及物動(dòng)詞;用作及物動(dòng)詞時(shí),其賓語(yǔ)是語(yǔ)言。例如:
He can speak Japanese.
他會(huì)說(shuō)日語(yǔ)。
say的意思是“說(shuō);講”,一般用作及物動(dòng)詞,著重指說(shuō)話的內(nèi)容。它的賓語(yǔ)可以是名詞、代詞或直接引語(yǔ)等。例如:
She says, “Don’t draw on the wall!”
她說(shuō):“別在墻上畫(huà)畫(huà)!”
talk的意思是“說(shuō);講;談話”,與speak意義比較接近,但不如speak正式,著重強(qiáng)調(diào)兩人之間的相互談話,也可指單方面的談話。例如:
She is talking with John in English.
她正在和約翰用英語(yǔ)交談。
tell意為“告訴;講述;吩咐”,多指以口頭方式將某事告訴某人,常接雙賓語(yǔ)。例如:
She is telling the children a story.
她正在給孩子們講故事。
7、among, between
between 的意思是“在……中間,在……之間”,一般指在兩者之間。例如:
There is a table between two windows.
在兩扇窗戶之間有一張桌子。
between 有時(shí)也表示在多于兩個(gè)以上的事物之間,但那也是指在每二者之間。例如:
the relationship between different provinces and municiplities
省市和省市之間的關(guān)系(這里是指每?jī)蓚(gè)省市之間的相互關(guān)系)
among 的意思是“在……中間,在……之中”,一般指在三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上的同類事物之中。例如:
The teacher distributed them among the students.
老師把這些東西分給了學(xué)生。
8、beat, win
這兩個(gè)詞都有“獲勝,打敗”的意思,但其后賓語(yǔ)不同。
beat是“打敗,優(yōu)于”的意思,后面接人或隊(duì)。例如:
We beat them.
我們打敗了他們。
win指“贏,獲勝”,后面接比賽或名次。例如:
We won the match/game/race/the first place.
我們贏了這場(chǎng)比賽(獲得了第一名)。
9、agree with, agree on, agree to
agree on表示“就……取得一致意見(jiàn)”。例如:
We all agree on (making) an early start.
我們一致同意及早出發(fā)。
agree with表示“與……意見(jiàn)一致”,后面既可以跟表示人的名詞或人稱代詞,也可以跟表示意見(jiàn)或看法的名詞或what引導(dǎo)的從句。例如:
I agree with you without reservation.
我毫無(wú)保留地同意你的意見(jiàn)。
We agree with what you said just now.
我們同意你剛才所說(shuō)的。
agree to表示“贊同、同意、答應(yīng)或接受”,后面不能接人,只能接“提議,計(jì)劃,方案”等。例如:
I agree to the terms proposed.
我同意擬議的條件。
10、bring, take, carry,fetch
這四個(gè)詞都是動(dòng)詞,都含有“帶”或“拿”的意思,但使用的場(chǎng)合各不相同。
bring作“帶來(lái),拿來(lái)”解。例如:
Next time don’t forget to bring me a copy of your work.
下次不要忘了把一份你的作品帶給我。
take是bring的對(duì)語(yǔ),作“帶去,拿去”解。例如:
Take the box away, please.
請(qǐng)把盒子拿走。
carry表示“運(yùn)載,攜帶”之意,運(yùn)送的方式很多,可以用車、船,也可以用手甚至用頭。例如:
This bus is licensed to carry 100 passengers.
這輛巴士準(zhǔn)載一百人。
fetch則表示“去拿來(lái)”的意思。例如:
Please fetch me the documents in that room.
請(qǐng)到那間房間去把文件拿來(lái)給我。
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