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高中英語名詞性從句語法

時(shí)間:2022-10-28 03:24:16 考試英語 我要投稿
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高中英語名詞性從句語法

  下面是小編給大家搜集分享的高中英語名詞性從句語法,歡迎閱讀。

高中英語名詞性從句語法

  名詞性從句

  在句子中起名詞作用的句子叫名詞性從句。名詞性從句的功能相當(dāng)于名詞詞組,它在復(fù)合句中能擔(dān)任主語、賓語、表語、同位語、介詞賓語等, 因此根據(jù)它在句中不同的語法功能,名詞從句又可分為主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。

  主語從句的用法

  一. 主語從句在復(fù)合句中作主語, 它可以位于句首, 但常見的主語從句多放在句末,句首則用形式主語it。

  1. That the earth is round is true.

  = It is true that the earth is round.

  2. Whether he will come hasn’t been decided.

  = It hasn’t been decided whether he will come.

  注意: 連詞that, whether在從句中不擔(dān)任句子成分,只起連接作用,不能省略 (注:if不可用來引導(dǎo)主語從句)

  二. 用it 作形式主語的結(jié)構(gòu)

  (1) It is+名詞+從句

  It is a fact that … 事實(shí)是…

  It is an honor that …非常榮幸

  It is common knowledge that…是常識(shí)

  (2) It is+形容詞+從句 (多用 should)

  It is natural that… 很自然…

  It is strange that… 奇怪的是…

  (3) It is + 不及物動(dòng)詞+從句

  It seems that… 似乎…

  It happened that… 碰巧…

  It appears that… 似乎…

  (4) It is + 過去分詞+從句

  It is reported that… 據(jù)報(bào)道…

  It has been proved that… 已證實(shí)…

  It is said that… 據(jù)說…

  it 作形式主語和it引導(dǎo)強(qiáng)調(diào)句的比較

  it 作形式主語代替主語從句,主要是為了平衡句子結(jié)構(gòu), 主語從句的連接詞有變化。而it引導(dǎo)的強(qiáng)調(diào)句則是對句子某一部分進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào),無論強(qiáng)調(diào)的是什么成分,都可用連詞that。被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分指人是也可用who/whom。例如:

  判斷:

  It is a pity that you didn’t go to see the film.

  It doesn’t interest me whether you succeed or not.

  It is in the morning that the murder took place.

  It is John that broke the window

  賓語從句的用法:

  句子結(jié)構(gòu):

  主句 + 連接詞(引導(dǎo)詞) + 賓語從句

  連接詞:從屬連詞that, whether, if

  連接代詞 Who, whom, whose,which, what

  連接副詞 where, how, why, when

  一. 連詞 (引導(dǎo)詞)

  1. 當(dāng)賓語從句是陳述句時(shí)(包括肯定句和否定句), 連詞由that引導(dǎo), 因?yàn)閠hat在從句中不作任何成分, 也沒有任何具體意思, 因此在口語或非正式文體中常省略。

  Jane said (that) she wasn’t late for the meeting.

  2. 當(dāng)賓語從句是特殊疑問句時(shí), 由特殊疑問詞充當(dāng)連接詞, 因?yàn)樵撎厥庖蓡栐~(即連接詞)在從句中擔(dān)任一定的句子成分, 具有一定的意義, 所以不可以省略。

  Do you know what he said just now?

  I don’t remember when we arrived

  3. 當(dāng)賓語從句是一般疑問句時(shí),由連詞whether或if引導(dǎo)(口語中常用if),因?yàn)閕f/whether翻譯成是否,具有一定的意義,所以不能省略。

  Lily wanted to know if /whether her grandma liked the handbag .

  Let’s see if /whether we can find out some information about that city

  注意:

 、 關(guān)聯(lián)詞只能用whether不能用if 表示 “是否”的情況如下:

  A) 在表語從句和同位語從句中。如:

  The question is whether the film is

  worth seeing.

  The news whether our team has

  won the match is unknown.

  B) 在主語從句中,只有用it 作形式主語時(shí), whether和if 都能引導(dǎo)主語從句, 否則, 也只能用whether。如:

  Whether we shall attend the meeting hasn’t been decided yet.

  It hasn’t been decided whether (if) we shall attend the meeting.

  C) 在介詞之后。(介詞往往可以省略) 如:

  It all depends (on) whether they will support us.

  D) 后面直接跟動(dòng)詞不定式時(shí)。如:

  He doesn’t know whether to stay or not.

  E) 后面緊接or not 時(shí)。如:

  We didn’t know whether or not

  she was ready.

 、 關(guān)聯(lián)詞if, whether均可使用的情況如下:

  A) 引導(dǎo)賓語從句。如:

  I wonder if (whether) the news is

  true or not.

  B) 在 “be+形容詞” 之后。如:

  He was not sure whether (if) it is

  right or wrong.

  賓語從句要注意的幾個(gè)問題

  ? 1. 時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)

  ? 2. 否定轉(zhuǎn)移:

  ? 3. 形式賓語it的使用

  注:在think, believe, suppose, expect 等動(dòng)詞之后,賓語從句中謂語的否定常轉(zhuǎn)移到主句的謂語上。

  I don’t think he will see you.

  I don’t believe he will go.

  注:在接復(fù)合賓語的句子中( S+Vt+O+Oc), 為了保持句子平衡, 用it 作形式賓語,將從句放于句尾, 常接復(fù)合賓語的動(dòng)詞有: make, find, see, hear, feel, think...

  I think it necessary that we take plenty of hot water every day.

  I think it a pity to waste the food

  表語從句的用法

  在復(fù)合句中用作表語的從句是表語從句, 引導(dǎo)表語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞與引導(dǎo)主語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞大致一樣,表語從句位于連系動(dòng)詞后,有時(shí)用as if引導(dǎo)。其基本結(jié)構(gòu)為:主語 + 系動(dòng)詞 + that從句。

  That’s what we should do.

  That’s why I want to see you.

  1. be, seem, look等動(dòng)詞后均可跟表語從句:

  My suggestion is that we should go shopping.

  It seems that it is going to rain.

  2. as if, because 也可引導(dǎo)表語從句。

  It looks as if it’s going to rain.

  It was because I got up late.

  3. 在非正式文體中,引導(dǎo)表語從句的that可以省略。如:

  The trouble is (that) he is ill.

  注意:在表語從句中,當(dāng)reason做主語時(shí), 引導(dǎo)詞只能用that,不能用because,如:他遲到的原因是因?yàn)樗麤]有趕上早班車。

  The reason why he was late was that he didn’t catch the early bus.

  同位語從句

  同位語從句一般跟在名詞fact, news, promise, truth, belief, thought, idea, answer, information, knowledge, doubt, hope, law, opinion, plan, suggestion后面, 用以說明或解釋前面的名詞.

  The news that our team has won the match is true.

  His delay is due to the fact that the car went wrong halfway.

  注: 1. that 引導(dǎo)同位語從句與that 引導(dǎo)定語從句的區(qū)別: 引導(dǎo)同位語從句的that 無實(shí)際意義, 不作從句的任何成分, 而引導(dǎo)定語從句的that 從句的某個(gè)成分

  He told me the news that our team won the match.

  He told me the news that was very exciting.

  We are interested in the news that some foreigners would visit our school.

  We are interested in the news that he told us.

  2. 在have no idea 之后常用wh-引導(dǎo)同位語從句.

  I have no idea where he has gone.

  I have no idea when he did it.

  I have no idea what he did.

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