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雅思寫作限定性定語從句語法講解
下面是CN人才網(wǎng)小編推薦的雅思寫作限定性定語從句語法講解,一起來看看吧。
在雅思寫作中,一般的簡單句會用一個形容詞做定語來修飾一個名詞,但當(dāng)定語成分太過復(fù)雜而不能只用單個形容詞擔(dān)當(dāng)時,就要借助于一個句子來做定語修飾名詞。
像這樣由句子擔(dān)當(dāng)定語,對被修飾的先行詞進行有限定制約,使該詞的含義更具體,更明確,我們稱之為限定性定語從句,下面我們結(jié)合例句進行對比學(xué)習(xí):
a)I don’t like lazy people(形容詞做定語放在名詞前面).
b)I don’t like the people who never keep their words. 我不喜歡從不遵守諾言的人.
在限定性定語從句中,有兩個比較重要的概念。以b句為例,獨立主句是:I don’t like the people;定語從句為“who never keep their words”,相當(dāng)于一個形容詞,做定語修飾名詞“the people”, 且從句和主句是由who來連接的。在定語從句中,“the people”被稱為先行詞,指被定語從句所修飾或限制的對象。“who”被稱為關(guān)系詞即重復(fù)指代先行詞,并在定語從句中充當(dāng)一定成分的連詞。
從上面的解析不難看出,關(guān)系詞在限定性定語從句中很重要,是連接主句和從句的關(guān)鍵。關(guān)系詞可以分為關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞,下面我們一起來進行具體的學(xué)習(xí)。
I.關(guān)系代詞主要有:who, whom, whose, which, that.
A. 當(dāng)先行詞為人時,可用關(guān)系代詞who,whom,whose 和that.
a. 若關(guān)系代詞在從句中做主語時,選用 who 或that.
eg:The woman is a responsible teacher who /that is loved by her students.
= The woman is a responsible teacher and she is loved by her students.
b. 若關(guān)系代詞在從句中做賓語時,選用 whom(首選),who 或that.
eg: The girl whom we are talking about is a good friend of us.
c. 若關(guān)系代詞在從句中做定語,表示人的所有關(guān)系時,選用 whose 或of whom.
eg:I know a friend whose sister is a famous dancer.
= I know a friend. His sister is a famous dancer. (whose 代替了his,指人 friend)
B.當(dāng)先行詞為物時,可用關(guān)系代詞which, that 或whose.
a. 若關(guān)系代詞在從句中做主語或賓語時,選用 which 或that.
Eg:These are the trees which / that are destroyed in the fire(做主語).
b. 若關(guān)系代詞在從句中做定語,表示物的所有關(guān)系時,選用 whose 或of which.
Eg:The children saw an elephant whose legs were hurt badly.
綜上所述,當(dāng)先行詞為人和物時,若在從句中做主語或是賓語,這時可用選用關(guān)系代詞that,做定語時用whose.
II. 關(guān)系副詞主要有:where,when 和why.
A. 當(dāng)先行詞為表示地點的名詞時,定語從句由副詞where引導(dǎo).
In the sixth century BC, ancient Greece was a country where there were a lot of new ideas.
B. 當(dāng)先行詞為表示時間的名詞時,定語從句由副詞when引導(dǎo).
Plato lived at a time when philosophy was very fashionable.
C. 當(dāng)先行詞為表示原因的名詞時,定語從句由副詞why引導(dǎo).
Can you tell me the reason why you lied to me?
需要注意的是,限制性定語從句不能被省略,否則句意就不完整,例如:I met someone who said he knows you.
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