分析高考英語議論文的寫作方法
一 議論文的三要素:
論點(diǎn) 是作者在文章中提出的對(duì)某一個(gè)問題或某一類事件的看法、觀點(diǎn)、主張，它要求要正確 、鮮明、有針對(duì)性。一篇議論文只能有一個(gè)中心論點(diǎn).論點(diǎn)一般在開頭提出，然后加以論證.
論據(jù) 是證明論點(diǎn)正確的證據(jù)，要想證明論點(diǎn)的正確，首先，論據(jù)必須讓人覺得真實(shí)、可信， 能夠充分證明論點(diǎn)。其次，論據(jù)要具有典型性，能收到“以一當(dāng)十”的.效果。第三，論據(jù)要 新穎， 盡可能尋找一些新鮮的、能給人以新的感受和啟示的論據(jù).一般是以事實(shí)為論據(jù)，也可以利用成語，格言，名人名言作為論據(jù).
論證是議論文中必不可少的部分。一段完整的議論，只有通過論證證明論據(jù)和論點(diǎn)之間的內(nèi)在邏輯關(guān)系，才能將論據(jù)和論點(diǎn)融為一體，也才能構(gòu)成一篇完整的、有說服力的文章。
二 議論文的類型:
�、� “一分為二”的觀點(diǎn).從兩方面去分析一個(gè)問題,然后闡述自己的觀點(diǎn).
�、� “兩者選一”的觀點(diǎn).分析兩種事物的優(yōu)劣勢(shì),闡述自己的觀點(diǎn).
�、邸拔艺J(rèn)為……”型.闡述對(duì)某一事物的客觀看法. 如“你對(duì)課外閱讀的看法
�、堋霸鯓印�(how to)”型.分析怎樣解決一個(gè)問題如“怎樣克服學(xué)習(xí)中碰到的困難”
.⑤ 看圖(表)作文.通過閱讀圖表中的數(shù)字與項(xiàng)目得出一個(gè)結(jié)論或形成一種看法.
一) “一分為二”觀點(diǎn)的議論文模式
Introduction
第1段:Nowadays more and more people.../...plays an important part in.... like everything else, ...has/have both favorable and unfavorable aspects/both advantages and disadvantages. Generally, the favorable aspects/advantages can be listed as follows.
Main body
第2段：Firstly,.. Secondly,…In addition/What’s more…
第3段: Every coin has two sides. The negative aspects/disadvantages are also apparent/obvious. To begin with…; To make matters worse…; Worse of all…
Conclusion
第4段: Through above analysis/All things considered, we can see that the positive aspects/advantages outweigh the negative ones/disadvantages. Therefore…
“一分為二”類作文范例
說廣告(about advertisement).
提示：有人說廣告在現(xiàn)代社會(huì)是很重要，有人認(rèn)為廣告的促銷成分太多，你認(rèn)為……
二) “兩者選一”觀點(diǎn)的議論文模式
模式⑴:A、B兩者優(yōu)劣勢(shì)分析,要么選A,要么選B.
Introduction
第1段:Some people hold the opinion that (A) is superior to (B) in many ways. Others, however, argue that (B) is much better. Personally, I would prefer (A) because I think (A) has more advantages.
Main body
第2段：There are many reasons why I prefer (A). The main reason is that … Another reason is that…(贊同A的原因)
第3段: Of course, choosing (B) also has advantages to some extent, (列出1~2個(gè)B的優(yōu)勢(shì))
Conclusion
第4段: But if all these factors are considered, (A) is much better than (B). from what has been discussed above, we may finally draw the conclusion that …(總結(jié)觀點(diǎn))
模式⑵: A、B優(yōu)勢(shì)相當(dāng),依情況而定,有條件地選擇A或B.
Introduction
第1段:Which would you prefer if you are faced with the choice between (A) and (B)? Before you make the decision, you had better make a close comparison.
Main body
第2段：It is true that(選擇A的優(yōu)勢(shì)之一). It is also true that(選擇A的優(yōu)勢(shì)之二). But (選擇A的劣勢(shì)).
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