公共英語(yǔ)一級(jí)閱讀理解模擬試題及答案
模擬試題一：
Antinuclear Demonstration
Police fired tear gas and arrested more than 5，000 passively resisting protestors Friday in an attempt to break up the largest antinuclear demonstration ever staged in the United States. More than 135，000 demonstrators confronted police on the construction site of a 1，000-megawatt nuclear power plant scheduled to provide power to most of southern New Hampshire. Organizers of the huge demonstration said， the protest was continuing despite the police actions. More demonstrators were arriving to keep up the pressure on state authorities to cancel the project. The demonstrator had charged that the project was unsafe in the densely populated area， would create thermal pollution in the bay， and had no acceptable means for disposing of its radioactive wasters. The demonstrations would go on until the jails and the courts were so overloaded that the state judicial system would collapse.
Governor Stanforth Thumper insisted that there would be no reconsideration of the power project and no delay in its construction set for completion in three years. “This project will begin on time and the people of this state will begin to receive its benefits on schedule. Those who break the law in misguided attempts to sabotage the project will be dealt with according to the law，” he said. And police called in reinforcements from all over the state to handle the disturbances.
The protests began before dawn Friday when several thousand demonstrators broke through police lines around the cordoned-off construction site. They carried placards that read “No Nukes is Good Nukes，” “Sunpower， Not Nuclear Power，” and “Stop Private Profits from Public Peril.” They defied police order to move from the area. Tear gas canisters fired by police failed to dislodge the protestors who had come prepared with their own gas masks or facecloths. Finally gas-masked and helmeted police charged into the crowd to drag off the demonstrators one by one. The protestors did not resist police， but refused to walk away under their own power. Those arrested would be charged with unlawful assembly， trespassing， and disturbing the peace.
1. What were the demonstrators protesting about?
[A]Private profits.
[B]Nuclear Power Station.
[C]The project of nuclear power construction.
[D]Public peril.
2. Who had gas-masks?
[A]Everybody.
[B]A part of the protestors.
[C]Policemen.
[D]Both B and C.
3. Which of the following was NOT mentioned as a reason for the demonstration?
[A]Public transportation.
[B]Public peril.
[C]Pollution.
[D]Disposal of wastes.
4. With whom were the jails and courts overloaded?
[A]With prisoners.
[B]With arrested demonstrators.
[C]With criminals.
[D]With protestors.
5. What is the attitude of Governor Stanforth Thumper toward the power project and the demonstration?
[A]stubborn.
[B]insistent.
[C]insolvable.
[D]remissible.
Vocabulary
1.reverse 逆轉(zhuǎn)
2.slide 滑坡
3.plague 瘟疫；折磨，困擾
4.tariff 關(guān)稅
5.decry 譴責(zé)，詆毀
6.lever 杠桿；用杠桿撬動(dòng)
7.crux 癥結(jié)
8.ideologue 空想家，思想家
9.intact 原封不動(dòng)的，完整無(wú)損的
10.investment credit 投資信貸
11.research grant 研究基金
寫作方法與文章大意
這是一則有關(guān)反對(duì)核電站的群眾抗議的新聞導(dǎo)報(bào)，采用對(duì)比手法。警方鎮(zhèn)壓；群眾堅(jiān)決抗議。第一段就寫出了盡管警方釋放催淚瓦斯，逮捕了5000多人，組織者申明抗議要繼續(xù)下去，越來(lái)越多的抗議者參與對(duì)當(dāng)局加壓，想迫使其廢除在當(dāng)?shù)亟⒑穗娬镜挠?jì)劃。其理由是在人口密集地區(qū)建站不安全，在海灣產(chǎn)生熱污染，核廢料處理無(wú)有效方法。第二段敘述了州長(zhǎng)大人堅(jiān)決維護(hù)核電站的立場(chǎng)，不再考慮計(jì)劃修改問(wèn)題，三年內(nèi)要完成核電站建設(shè)。屆時(shí)，本州人民得益。對(duì)企圖破壞計(jì)劃實(shí)施而違法的人將以法處置。已集結(jié)全州警察加強(qiáng)對(duì)付這次搗亂。第三段講了雙方現(xiàn)場(chǎng)交戰(zhàn)：星期五破曉，數(shù)千者（高舉牌，上寫：沒(méi)有核電站就是好的核電站；不要核能，要太陽(yáng)能等）沖過(guò)建設(shè)基地警察警戒線，警察用催淚瓦斯無(wú)效后，開(kāi)始一個(gè)一個(gè)地抓逮者，被捕者將被控以非法集會(huì)、侵入和擾亂治安等罪名。
答案詳解
1. C 抗議建設(shè)核電站計(jì)劃。不是抗議核電站。
至于B. 核電站還未建，所以不對(duì)。
A. 私人利益 和
D. 公共危險(xiǎn)，這些都是牌上之口號(hào)不是抗議的主攻方向。
2. D 雙方。 最后一段第四行最后和第五行“抗議者準(zhǔn)備了他們自己的防毒面具或面罩。最后，頭戴防毒面具和頭盔的警察沖進(jìn)人群一個(gè)一個(gè)地抓逮者�！彼哉f(shuō)兩方面都有防毒面具。
3. A 公共交通運(yùn)輸。
B. 公共危險(xiǎn)。
C. 污染。
D. 廢料處理，是三個(gè)抗議的理由。
4. B 被逮捕的者。第一段最后一行“要繼續(xù)下去直到州監(jiān)牢和州法庭人滿為患，從而使州司法體系垮臺(tái)。”說(shuō)明者準(zhǔn)備去坐牢，決不服輸?shù)臎Q心。而人多到監(jiān)牢裝不下證明州司法的問(wèn)題。所以這里只能是被抓的者。
A. 犯人。
C. 罪犯。
D.抗議者。警察不可能抓所有的抗議者。關(guān)在牢里的.只能是被抓的者。
5. A 固執(zhí)己見(jiàn)，冥頑不化。見(jiàn)第二段他堅(jiān)持說(shuō)核電站計(jì)劃不用再考慮，三年內(nèi)一定要建成，計(jì)劃準(zhǔn)時(shí)開(kāi)始，本州人民到時(shí)候就能獲益。對(duì)這些違法企圖破壞計(jì)劃的人依法懲處。并且從州內(nèi)各處調(diào)集警察來(lái)處理這次“騷亂”。從語(yǔ)言到行動(dòng)都說(shuō)明，這位州長(zhǎng)固執(zhí)己見(jiàn)，頑固得很。
B. 堅(jiān)持的。
C. 不能解決的。
D. 可寬恕的。
模擬試題二：
Superconducting Materials
The stone age， The Iron Age. Entire epochs have been named for materials. So what to call the decades ahead? The choice will be tough. Welcome to the age of superstuff. Material science —— once the least sexy technology - is bursting with new， practical discoveries led by superconducting ceramics that may revolutionize electronics. But superconductors are just part of the picture： from house and cars to cook pots and artificial teeth， the world will someday be made of different stuff. Exotic plastics， glass and ceramics will shape the future just as surely as have genetic engineering and computer science.
The key to the new materials is researchers‘ increasing ability to manipulate substances at the molecular level. Ceramics， for example， have long been limited by their brittleness. But by minimizing the microscopic imperfections that cause it， scientists are making far stronger ceramics that still retain such qualities as hardness and heat resistance. Ford Motor Co. now uses ceramic tools to cut steel. A firm called Kyocera has created a line of ceramic scissors and knives that stay sharp for years and never rust or corrode.
A similar transformation has overtaken plastics. High-strength polymers now form bridges， ice-skating rinks and helicopter rotors. And one new plastic that generates electricity when vibrated or pushed is used in electric guitars， touch sensors for robot hands and karate jackets that automatically record each punch and chop. Even plastic litter， which once threatened to permanently blot the landscape， has proved amenable to molecular tinkering. Several manufacturers now make biodegradable forms; some plastic six-pack rings for example， gradually decompose when exposed to sunlight. Researchers are developing ways to make plastics as recyclable as metal or glass. Besides， composites - plastic reinforced with fibers of graphite or other compounds - made the round-the-world flight of the voyager possible and have even been proved in combat： a helmet saved an infantryman‘s life by deflecting two bullets in the Grenada invasion.
Some advanced materials are old standard with a new twist. The newest fiberoptic cable that carry telephone calls cross-country are made of glass so transparent that a piece of 100 miles thick is clearer than a standard window pane.
But new materials have no impact until they are made into products. And that transition could prove difficult， for switching requires lengthy research and investment. It can be said a firmer handle on how to move to commercialization will determine the success or failure of a country in the near future.
1. How many new materials are mentioned in this passage?
[A]Two
[B]Three
[C]Four
[D]Five
2. Why does the author mention genetic engineering and computer science?
[A]To compare them with the new materials.
[B]To show the significance of the new materials on the future world.
[C]To compare the new materials to them.
[D]To explain his view point.
3. Why is transition difficult?
[A]Because transition requires money and time.
[B]Because many manufacturers are unwilling to change their equipment.
[C]Because research on new materials is very difficult.
[D]Because it takes 10 years.
4. Where lies success of a country in the New Age of superstuff?
[A]It lies in research.
[B]It lies in investment.
[C]It lies in innovation.
[D]It lies in application.
Vocabulary
1. superstuff 超級(jí)材料
2.superconducting ceramic 超導(dǎo)陶瓷
3. exotic 神奇的
4. shape 塑造，成型
5. brittleness 脆性
6. polymer 聚合體
7. karate jacket 空手道外衣
8. touch sensor 觸及傳感器
9. each punch and chop 每一個(gè)擊、打
10. blot 玷污，損害風(fēng)景的東西
11. tinker 修補(bǔ)，調(diào)整
12. amendable 服從于，遵循的
13. biodegradable 能生物遞減分解的
14. six-pack rings 放六個(gè)罐子的環(huán)狀物
15. decompose 分解
16. recyclable 可循環(huán)（使用的）
17. infantryman 步兵
18. deflect 使偏斜，使轉(zhuǎn)向
19. a new twist 一個(gè)新的觀點(diǎn)，方法
答案詳解
1.B 三種超導(dǎo)材料。答案再第一段最后一句“神奇的塑料、玻璃和陶瓷”。下面各段具體講這三種材料。第二段講陶瓷：“新材料之關(guān)鍵在于研究工作者不斷提高在分子水平上處理物質(zhì)的能力。舉陶瓷為例，由于它的 脆性，長(zhǎng)期來(lái)應(yīng)用范圍有限。但是通過(guò)改善導(dǎo)致脆性的微小缺陷，科學(xué)家制造出一種保持原有硬度和抗熱性，但堅(jiān)實(shí)得多的陶瓷”。第三段講塑料�！邦愃频霓D(zhuǎn)折發(fā)生在塑料上，高強(qiáng)度的塑料建成了橋梁、溜冰場(chǎng)、直升機(jī)的葉輪。一種震動(dòng)或推動(dòng)就能發(fā)電的新型塑料用于電子吉他上，觸及傳感塑料用于機(jī)械手和空手道外衣上，它能自動(dòng)記錄每次擊打�！焙竺嬲劶八芰侠梢蕴幚�，或者制造可分解還原的塑料制品。塑料內(nèi)加入其他化合物加強(qiáng)性能。第四段講有些高級(jí)材料由新的改變，最新的光纖電纜由玻璃制成，透明度極高，100英里厚的一塊其清晰度比一塊普通窗玻璃還高。
2.B 說(shuō)明這種新材料對(duì)未來(lái)世界的意義。答案在第一段：“神奇的塑料、玻璃和陶瓷一定會(huì)象生物工程和計(jì)算機(jī)一樣將改變世界。”
A.把它們和新材料相比較，這里不僅僅是比較，而是說(shuō)明三者都具同樣的作用——改變世界。
C.把新材料比作它們。也不僅僅是比喻比擬。與A一樣沒(méi)有說(shuō)到核心電。
D.說(shuō)明他的觀點(diǎn)。太籠統(tǒng)。
3.A 轉(zhuǎn)折需要錢和時(shí)間。見(jiàn)最后一段“可是新材料只有制成產(chǎn)品才有影響，而這個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)折可能很困難，因?yàn)檗D(zhuǎn)折需要長(zhǎng)期的研究和投資�？梢赃@么說(shuō)，在不久的將來(lái)，更牢牢地掌握如何把材料轉(zhuǎn)變成商品將決定一個(gè)國(guó)家之成敗�！�
B.因?yàn)樵S多制造商不愿改變他們的設(shè)備。
C.因?yàn)樾虏牧系难芯糠浅＠щy。
D.轉(zhuǎn)折要華上十年時(shí)間。這三項(xiàng)文內(nèi)沒(méi)有涉及。
4.D 在超級(jí)材料時(shí)代已過(guò)之成功在于應(yīng)用。
A.在于研究
B.在于投資。
C.在于革新。這三項(xiàng)都是應(yīng)用的部分前提。其中A和B文內(nèi)提到，C項(xiàng)文內(nèi)未涉及。
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