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考研英語(yǔ)閱讀理解模擬試題及答案解析
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It was 3: 45 in the morning when the vote was finally taken. After six months of arguing and final 16 hours of hot parliamentary debates, Australia's Northern Territory became the first legal authority in the world to allow doctors to take the lives of incurably ill patients who wish to die. The measure passed by the convincing vote of 15 to 10. Almost immediately word flashed on the Internet and was picked up, half a world away, by John Hofsess, executive director of the Right to Die Society of Canada. He sent it on via the group's on-line service, Death NET. Says Hofsess: We posted bulletins all day long, because of course this isn't just something that happened in Australia. It's world history.
The full import may take a while to sink in. The NT Rights of the Terminally Ill law has left physicians and citizens alike trying to deal with its moral and practical implications. Some have breathed sighs of relief, others, including churches, right-to-life groups and the Australian Medical Association, bitterly attacked the bill and the haste of its passage. But the tide is unlikely to turn back. In Australia-where an aging population, life-extending technology and changing community attitudes have all played their part-other states are going to consider making a similar law to deal with euthanasia. In the US and Canada, where the right-to-die movement is gathering strength, observers are waiting for the dominoes to start fa lling.
Under the new Northern Territory law, an adult patient can request death-probably by a deadly injection or pill-to put an end to suffering. The patient must be diagnosed as terminally ill by two doctors. After a cooling off period of seven days, the patient can sign a certificate of request. After 48 hours the wish for death can be met. For Lloyd Nickson, a 54-year-old Darwin resident suffering from lung cancer, the NT Rights of Terminally Ill law means he can get on with living without the haunting fear of his suffering: a terrifying death from his breathing condition. I'm not afraid of dying from a spiritual point of view, but what I was afraid of was how I'd go, because I've watched people die in the hospital fighting for oxygen and clawing at their masks, he says.
51. From the second paragraph we learn that ________.
（A）the objection to euthanasia is slow to come in other countries
�。˙）physicians and citizens share the same view on euthanasia
�。–）changing technology is chiefly responsible for the hasty passage of the law
�。―）it takes time to realize the significance of the law's passage
52. When the author says that observers are waiting for the dominoes to start fa lling, he means ________.
�。ˋ）observers are taking a wait-and-see attitude towards the future of euthanasia
�。˙）similar bills are likely to be passed in the US, Canada and other countries
�。–）observers are waiting to see the result of the game of dominoes
�。―）the effect-taking process of the passed bill may finally come to a stop
53. When Lloyd Nickson dies, he will ________.
�。ˋ）face his death with calm characteristic of euthanasia
（B）experience the suffering of a lung cancer patient
�。–）have an intense fear of terrible suffering
（D）undergo a cooling off period of seven days
54. The author's attitude towards euthanasia seems to be that of ________.
（A）opposition （B）suspicion （C）approval （D）indifference
答案及試題解析
51.（D）意為：理解該法獲批準(zhǔn)的意義尚需要時(shí)間。
第二段第一句是該段的主題句，該句意為：其（即這一立法的）整體含義（import）可能需要一段時(shí)間才為人徹底理解（sink in）。其實(shí)，該段的第二句是對(duì)第一句更具體的闡釋，該句可譯為：北部地方州（此處NT是Northern Territory的縮略形式，指澳大利亞中北部地區(qū)）晚期病人權(quán)利法的批準(zhǔn)使醫(yī)生和普通人都在思索其道義與實(shí)踐方面的含義。本段下文提到了支持和反對(duì)該法的兩種觀點(diǎn)。
A意為：在（除澳大利亞以外的）其他國(guó)家，對(duì)安樂(lè)死的反對(duì)意見(jiàn)緩慢而至。這一點(diǎn)該段沒(méi)有提到。實(shí)際上，聽(tīng)到該法批準(zhǔn)后，遠(yuǎn)在美國(guó)和加拿大的人也很快作出了反應(yīng)。
B意為：在安樂(lè)死這一問(wèn)題上，醫(yī)生和普通人觀點(diǎn)相同。正像該段第三句所指出的，對(duì)于該法的批準(zhǔn)，意見(jiàn)分歧很大。有些人松了口氣，而有些人-包括教堂、保衛(wèi)生命權(quán)益組織與澳大利亞醫(yī)學(xué)會(huì)-對(duì)該法進(jìn)行激烈的抨擊，認(rèn)為它的批準(zhǔn)過(guò)于倉(cāng)促。
C意為：技術(shù)（條件）的變化應(yīng)對(duì)該法的倉(cāng)促批準(zhǔn)負(fù)主要責(zé)任。該段第五句意為：在澳大利亞，其他州也將考慮通過(guò)制定同樣的一項(xiàng)法律來(lái)解決安樂(lè)死問(wèn)題，而促成這一形勢(shì)的是澳大利亞老化的人口、生命延續(xù)技術(shù)、正在變化的社會(huì)態(tài)度等因素�？梢�(jiàn)，這與C所表達(dá)的內(nèi)容不一樣。
52.（B）意為：美國(guó)、加拿大及其他國(guó)家也可能批準(zhǔn)類似法律。
第二段最后一句指出，在美國(guó)和加拿大死之權(quán)利運(yùn)動(dòng)正在集結(jié)力量，觀望者正在等待多米諾骨牌開(kāi)始傾倒。多米諾骨牌是一種西洋骨牌游戲；游戲中將許多長(zhǎng)方形的骨牌豎立排列成行，碰倒第一張時(shí)，其余骨牌將依次紛紛倒下。用于比喻時(shí)，這種游戲指一系列的連鎖反應(yīng)，即：牽一發(fā)而動(dòng)全身。這里喻指：澳大利亞的形勢(shì)會(huì)波及北美等國(guó)家，引起類似的做法。
A意為：觀察者對(duì)安樂(lè)死的未來(lái)持觀望態(tài)度。根據(jù)對(duì)B的分析，觀察者等待的是是否美、加等國(guó)會(huì)在對(duì)安樂(lè)死的態(tài)度方面步澳之后塵，通過(guò)類似立法，而并非是指他們對(duì)安樂(lè)死態(tài)度暖昧、莫衷一是。
C意為：觀察者正等待看多米諾游戲的結(jié)果。這種解釋未免太拘泥于字面的意思。
D意為：所批準(zhǔn)的法案的影響也許會(huì)最終停止。與原文不符。
53.（A）意為：死時(shí)表現(xiàn)出安樂(lè)死的平靜特征。
這實(shí)際上是說(shuō)他將采用安樂(lè)死的方式離開(kāi)人世。第三段提到，住在達(dá)爾文市（位于北部地方州）的尼克森患肺癌，對(duì)他來(lái)說(shuō)，允許安樂(lè)死的法案的批準(zhǔn)意味著他可以心情平靜地生活，而無(wú)需懼怕將要遭受的死亡的折磨：由死時(shí)所產(chǎn)生的呼吸困難所帶來(lái)的痛苦折磨。他說(shuō)：從思想認(rèn)識(shí)上講，我并不怕死，但是，我怕的是如何死去，因?yàn)槲以H眼目睹過(guò)醫(yī)院的病人死時(shí)由缺氧而掙扎并抓撓氧氣罩的情景。從以上的分析可以看出，尼克森先生知道自己已患絕癥并依法為自己選擇安樂(lè)死的方式告別人世。
B意為：經(jīng)歷肺癌病人所要遭受的痛苦。不對(duì)，相反，尼克森將會(huì)平靜死去。
C意為：對(duì)痛苦的折磨極度恐懼。
D意為：將經(jīng)歷7天的平靜階段。第三段指出，根據(jù)北部地區(qū)新通過(guò)的法律，要求安樂(lè)死的病人必須具備以下條件：1）該病人必須由兩名醫(yī)生診斷為晚期病人；2）平靜考慮7天后，病人簽署一個(gè)申請(qǐng)證書；3）48小時(shí)后再給病人實(shí)行安樂(lè)死�？梢�(jiàn)，這里所說(shuō)的平靜7天是讓病人（及其家庭）平靜、認(rèn)真地考慮一下是否選擇采用安樂(lè)死這一形式。
54.（C）意為；贊同。
這是一篇新聞體文章，在新聞體文章中，寫作者往往通過(guò)引用相關(guān)者的觀點(diǎn)來(lái)結(jié)束討論，并將自己的態(tài)度通過(guò)引用間接地表述出來(lái)。本文以尼克森的話結(jié)束了對(duì)安樂(lè)死的討論，而尼克森是安樂(lè)死的支持者。另外，文章的大部分文字陳述了對(duì)安樂(lè)死法案的褒揚(yáng)態(tài)度，而反對(duì)態(tài)度卻一帶而過(guò)。從這兩方面來(lái)看，作者對(duì)安樂(lè)死持贊同態(tài)度。
A意為：反對(duì)。
B意為：懷疑。
D意為：不關(guān)心。
翻譯句子
1、Some have breathed sighs of relief, others, including churches, right-to-life groups and the Australian Medical Association, bitterly attacked the bill land the haste of its passage. But the tide is unlikely to turn back.
[參考譯文] 一些機(jī)構(gòu)終于松了一口氣，但是其他一些機(jī)構(gòu)，包括教堂，倡導(dǎo)生命之權(quán)的團(tuán)體和澳大利亞醫(yī)學(xué)協(xié)會(huì)，尖銳地抨擊這個(gè)法案，指責(zé)法案的通過(guò)過(guò)于匆忙。但是大勢(shì)已定，不可逆轉(zhuǎn)。
[結(jié)構(gòu)剖析] 第一句話中，有用逗號(hào)松散連接的兩個(gè)表示對(duì)比的句子：Some have breathed…others…bitterly attacked…，其中 others 之后是介詞詞組：including churches, right-to-life groups and the Australian Medical Association 對(duì) others 進(jìn)行進(jìn)一步的解釋。its passage 中的 its 指代前面提到的 the bill。第二句使用了被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，與第一句是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。
[閱讀重點(diǎn)] tide 本意是潮水、潮汐的意思，這里的引申含義是趨勢(shì)、趨向；turn the tide 使形式轉(zhuǎn)變、改變局面。bill 這里是法案的意思。另外要理解 some 和 others 的對(duì)比關(guān)系。
2、In Australia-where an aging population, life-extending technology and changing community attitudes have all played their part-other states are going to consider making a similar law to deal with euthanasia.
[參考譯文] 在澳大利亞-人口老齡化，延長(zhǎng)壽命的技術(shù)和變化著的社會(huì)態(tài)度，這些因素都在發(fā)揮作用-其他的州也會(huì)考慮制定相似的關(guān)于安樂(lè)死的法律。
[結(jié)構(gòu)剖析] 這個(gè)句子的主體結(jié)構(gòu)是… other states are going to consider…。句首的 In Australia 是介詞詞組表示地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，后面 where 引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句 where an aging population, life-extending technology and changing community attitudes have all played their part，進(jìn)一步解釋 Australia 的具體情況。
[閱讀重點(diǎn)] 注意破折號(hào)中說(shuō)各種因素都發(fā)揮了作用，是指對(duì)其它州考慮制定關(guān)于安樂(lè)死的法律這件事而言的。另外注意 consider 的用法，consider 后面一般接 V-ing 的形式或 that 引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。
補(bǔ)充難句翻譯
1、After six months of arguing and final 16hours of hot parliamentary debates, Australia's Northern Territory became the first legal authority in the world to allow doctors to take the lives of incurably ill patients who wish to die.
[參考譯文] 經(jīng)過(guò)了六個(gè)月的爭(zhēng)論以及最后16個(gè)小時(shí)激烈的議會(huì)辯論，澳大利亞北部地區(qū)成了世界上第一個(gè)允許醫(yī)生終止希望死去的絕癥病人生命的立法當(dāng)局。
[結(jié)構(gòu)剖析] 句子的主體結(jié)構(gòu)是 Australia's Northern Territory became the first legal authority…；句首是表示時(shí)間的介詞詞組作狀語(yǔ)：after six months of arguing and final 16 hours of hot parliamentary debates；后面的動(dòng)詞不定式 to allow doctors to take the lives of incurably ill patients who wish to die 相當(dāng)于定語(yǔ)從句 which allows doctors to…，修飾 legal authority；who 引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句 who wish to die 修飾前面的 patients。
[閱讀重點(diǎn)] 理解句子的關(guān)鍵在于剔除龐雜的修飾成分，抓住句子的主干。
2、After a cooling off period of seven days, the patient can sign a certificate of request. After 48 hours the wish for death can be met.
[參考譯文] 在七天的冷靜期之后，病人可以簽署一張申請(qǐng)證書。再等48小時(shí)之后，他要求死去的愿望就可以實(shí)現(xiàn)了。
[結(jié)構(gòu)剖析] 兩個(gè)句子都是簡(jiǎn)單句。第一句中前面是介詞詞組作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：After a cooling off period of seven days。第二句使用了被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。
[閱讀重點(diǎn)] cooling off 這里是指給病人充足的考慮時(shí)間以做出冷靜的決定。meet 這里是滿足的意思，可以和 demand、need、requirement 等和 wish 類似的詞連用。
語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)詳解
1. take vote 表決
[大綱詞匯] vote n.投票，表；選票，選票數(shù)；v.投票，表決
[經(jīng)典例句] They finally took a vote on the mater.
2. legal authority 合法當(dāng)局
[大綱詞匯] legal a.法律的，法定的；合法的，正當(dāng)?shù)?a legal act 合法行為
3. incurably 不可救藥地
[大綱詞匯] cure v.（of）治愈，醫(yī)治；矯正，糾正； n.治愈，痊愈；良藥，療法
[衍生詞匯] curable a.可醫(yī)治的 incurable a.無(wú)法治愈的，不可糾正的 incurably ad.無(wú)法治愈地，不可救藥地
[經(jīng)典例句] He was incurably stubborn on this matter.
4. convincing 令人信服的
[大綱詞匯] convince v.（of）使信服，使確信
[衍生詞匯] convincing a.令人信服的，有說(shuō)服力的
[經(jīng)典例句] His explanation is very convincing.
5. flash on 閃映
[大綱詞匯] flash v.發(fā)閃光，閃亮；閃現(xiàn)；n.閃光
[經(jīng)典例句] The news flashed on the television.
6. pick up 得到
[大綱詞匯] pick up 拾起，揀起；增加，改進(jìn)；（偶然）得到；（車船）中途搭（人），中途帶（貨）；獲得，學(xué)會(huì)
[經(jīng)典例句] Their message was picked up by the enemy and decoded.
7. executive director 執(zhí)行總監(jiān)
[大綱詞匯] executive a.執(zhí)行的，實(shí)施的；n.總經(jīng)理，董事，行政負(fù)責(zé)人
8. send it on 繼續(xù)發(fā)送
[大綱詞匯] send n.送，寄；派遣，打發(fā)
[經(jīng)典例句] She asked me to send the message on to other friends.
9. on-line service 網(wǎng)上服務(wù)
10. all day long 整天
[經(jīng)典例句] He works on the question all day long to find the right answer.
11. import 含義
[大綱詞匯] import v.進(jìn)口，輸人； n.進(jìn)口，輸人；pl.進(jìn)口商品，進(jìn)口物資，主旨，含義
[經(jīng)典例句] Hardly anyone caught the full import of the incident.
12. take a while 需要一段時(shí)間
[大綱詞匯] while n.一段時(shí)間，一會(huì)兒
[經(jīng)典例句] It takes a while for him to calm down.
13. sink in 被理解
[大綱詞匯] sink v.（使）下沉，下落； n.水池，水槽
[擴(kuò)充詞匯] sink in 被理解
[經(jīng)典例句] Eventually the news sank in.
14. physician 內(nèi)科醫(yī)生
[經(jīng)典例句] physician n.內(nèi)科醫(yī)生
15. implication 牽連
[大綱詞匯] implication n.含義，暗示 imply v.意指；含…意思，暗示
[擴(kuò)充詞義] implication n.牽連；涉及；密切關(guān)系
[經(jīng)典例句] The news regulation has grave implication for unemployment.
16. haste 匆忙
[大綱詞匯] haste n.匆忙，急速；草率；v.趕快，匆忙 in haste 匆忙地，草率地
[衍生詞匯] hasty a.匆忙的
[經(jīng)典例句] Many people were surprised at the haste of his marriage.
17. passage 通過(guò)
[大綱詞匯] passage n.通過(guò)，經(jīng)過(guò)；通路；走廊；（一）段落，（一）節(jié)
[經(jīng)典例句] The opposition party tried to secure the passage of the law.
18. turn back 折回
[擴(kuò)充詞匯] turn back 折回，返回；改變做法
[經(jīng)典例句] There is no turning back once you have signed the contract.
19. play one's part 起作用
[大綱詞匯] play a part（in）起作用
[經(jīng)典例句] Ambition played its part in his success.
20. euthanasia 安樂(lè)死
21. dominoes 多米諾骨牌（多米諾現(xiàn)象指一個(gè)倒下后引起連鎖反應(yīng)而全部倒下）
22. injection 注射
[大綱詞匯] inject v.注射，注人
[衍生詞匯] injection n.注射
[經(jīng)典例句] The doctor prescribed an injection of penicillin for his fever.
23. put an end to 使…結(jié)束
[擴(kuò)充詞匯] put an end to 使終止，毀掉
[經(jīng)典例句] The accident put an end to her happy life.
24. diagnose 診斷
[大綱詞匯] diagnose v.診斷
[經(jīng)典例句] He was diagnosed lung cancer a few days age.
25. terminally 致命地
[大綱詞匯] terminal a.終點(diǎn)站；終端，接線端；計(jì)算機(jī)終端
[衍生詞匯] terminally ad.致命地，晚期地；終點(diǎn)地
[經(jīng)典例句] He was terminally ill.
26. cool off 使冷靜下來(lái)
[大綱詞匯] cool a.涼的，涼爽的；冷靜的，沉著的，冷淡的；v.（使）冷卻，（使）冷靜
[擴(kuò)充詞匯] cool off 使冷靜下來(lái)
[經(jīng)典例句] You should give him sometime to cool off his anger.
27. certificate 證明書
[大綱詞匯] certificate n.證（明）書
28. get on with 繼續(xù)
[擴(kuò)充詞匯] get on with 繼續(xù)
[經(jīng)典例句] We get on with the meeting after his disruption.
29. haunting 縈繞于心的
[擴(kuò)充詞匯] haunt v.常去；使苦惱，困擾；布滿 haunting a.縈繞于心的，使人不安的
[經(jīng)典例句] Man's future is a haunting question to him.
30. terrifying 令人恐懼的
[大綱詞匯] terrify v.使害怕，使驚嚇
[衍生詞匯] terrifying a.令人害怕的
[經(jīng)典例句] The terrifying scene shocked everyone.
31. point of view 觀點(diǎn)
[大綱詞匯] viewpoint n.觀點(diǎn)
32. fight for 為…而斗爭(zhēng)
[大綱詞匯] fight v./n.打（仗）；搏斗，斗爭(zhēng)，戰(zhàn)斗
[經(jīng)典例句] He died in fighting for freedom.
33. claw at 抓，撓
[大綱詞匯] claw n.爪，腳爪
[擴(kuò)充詞義] claw v.抓，撓
[經(jīng)典例句] The emotional stress of those years still claws at her.
34. objection to 反對(duì)
[大綱詞匯] object v.（to）反對(duì) objection n.（to）反對(duì)，異議
[經(jīng)典例句] I have no objection to your proposal.
全文翻譯
凌晨3：45進(jìn)行了最終表決。經(jīng)過(guò)6個(gè)月?tīng)?zhēng)論和最后16個(gè)小時(shí)的國(guó)會(huì)激烈辯論，澳大利亞北部地區(qū)（澳北州）成為世界上第一個(gè)允許醫(yī)生根據(jù)絕癥病人個(gè)人意愿來(lái)結(jié)束其生命的合法當(dāng)局。這一法案是以令人信服的15票對(duì)10票通過(guò)。幾乎同時(shí)，該消息就出現(xiàn)在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上。身處地球另一端的加拿大死亡權(quán)利執(zhí)行主席約翰？霍夫塞斯在收到該消息后便通過(guò)協(xié)會(huì)的在線服務(wù)死亡之網(wǎng)發(fā)了公告。他說(shuō)：我們整天都在發(fā)布公告，因?yàn)檫@件事的意義不在于它是在澳大利亞發(fā)生的事情，而是因?yàn)檫@是世界歷史的一件大事。
要充分理解這一法案的深刻意義可能需要一段時(shí)間。澳北州晚期病人權(quán)利法使得無(wú)論是內(nèi)科醫(yī)生還是普通市民都同樣地力圖從道義和實(shí)際意義兩方面來(lái)對(duì)待這一問(wèn)題。一些人如釋重負(fù)，另一些人，包括教會(huì)，生命權(quán)利組織以及澳大利亞醫(yī)學(xué)會(huì)成員都對(duì)這一決議及其倉(cāng)促的通過(guò)進(jìn)行了猛烈的抨擊。但這一潮流已無(wú)法逆轉(zhuǎn)。在澳大利亞，人口老齡化，延長(zhǎng)壽命技術(shù)和公眾態(tài)度的變化都發(fā)揮著各自的作用。其他州也將考慮制定類似的法律來(lái)處理安樂(lè)死問(wèn)題。在美國(guó)和加拿大，死亡權(quán)利運(yùn)動(dòng)正在積蓄力量。觀察家們正在等待多米諾骨牌產(chǎn)生的效應(yīng)。
根據(jù)澳北州所通過(guò)的這項(xiàng)新法案，成年病人可以要求安樂(lè)死-可能是通過(guò)注射致死藥劑或服用致死藥片-來(lái)結(jié)束痛苦。但此前病人必須由兩名醫(yī)生診斷其確實(shí)已病入膏肓，然后再經(jīng)過(guò)7天的冷靜思考期，方可簽署一份申請(qǐng)證明。48小時(shí)后，才可以滿足其安樂(lè)死的愿望。對(duì)于居住于達(dá)爾文現(xiàn)年54歲的肺癌患者利奧德？尼克森來(lái)說(shuō)，這個(gè)法律意味著他可以平靜地生活下去而無(wú)須整天懼怕即將來(lái)臨的苦難：因呼吸困難而在煎熬中痛苦地死去。從思想上說(shuō)，我并不害怕死，但我怕的是怎樣死，因?yàn)槲以卺t(yī)院看到過(guò)病人在缺氧時(shí)苦苦掙扎，用手抓他們的面罩時(shí)的情景。他說(shuō)。
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