英語萬能代詞WHAT的主要用法你知道多少？
導語：英語中，WHAT作代詞時，它不僅含義豐富，而且其用法廣泛。
英語中，WHAT作代詞時，它不僅含義豐富，而且其用法廣泛。毫無疑問，WHAT是一個萬能代詞，很值得英語學習者掌握。下面從詞性功能的角度，簡要歸納一下這一萬能代詞的主要用法。
一、疑問代詞WHAT
在在英語提問中，疑問代詞what有很多用法。它在句子中可作主語、賓語、表語、定語等;它既可以問“身份、名字、性質、類別”，也可以問“目的、數(shù)量、價值、效果”等。疑問代詞what相當于漢語“什么”或“怎么樣”的意思，其主要用法如下：
1.問人或事物的特點。例如：
What is he like? [他人怎么樣啊?]
What kind of suit did she buy in town? [她在城里買的是怎樣的服裝?]
2.問有關事物的數(shù)量。例如：
What do you weigh? [你體重多少?]
What did you pay for the dictionary? [這本詞典你花了多少錢?]
3.問人的職業(yè)(工作性質)或事物的性質(特點)。例如：
What is your father? [你父親是干什么的?]
What is an engineer? [工程師是干什么的?]
What is the weather like in Beijing? [北京的天氣如何?]
4.問事物的'內容。例如：
What is the latest news? [有什么最新的消息嗎?]
What would you like to buy? [你想要買點什么東西?]
What is artificial intelligence? [什么叫做人工智能?]
5.對一些抽象名詞提問。例如：
What's your phone number? [你的電話號碼是多少?]
What's the price of the book? [這本書的價錢是多少?]
6.對時間的提問。例如：
What time is it? (= What's the time?)[現(xiàn)在幾點了?]
What's the date today? [今天幾號?]
What day is today? (= What day is it today?)[今天星期幾?]
What month is it? [現(xiàn)在是幾月份?]
What comes after spring? [春季之后是哪個季節(jié)?]
7.問姓名、排號、尺寸、顏色等。例如：
What is your name? [你叫什么名字?]
What number are you? [你是幾號呢?]
What size shoes do you take? [你穿幾號的鞋?]
What color is your coat? [你的上衣是什么顏色?]
8.詢問對方的看法。例如：
What do you think of game shows? [你認為游戲節(jié)目怎么樣?]
What about something to drink? [來點喝的怎么樣?]
二、關系代詞WHAT
關系代詞WHAT也有很多用法。它可引起主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句等;它沒有疑問的含義,相當于that、which、the thing(s) that(which),或the…that(which),從句表示的是事物。關系代詞WHAT在不同情況下有不同意思，其主要用法如下：
1.主語從句。例如：
What is beautiful is not always good. [美的東西并不總是好的。]
What happened after that was interesting. [后來發(fā)生的事挺有意思。]
值得一提的是，當what引起主語從句時,主句謂語動詞數(shù)的形式比較復雜。中國著名語言學家周海中先生在1985年發(fā)表的《關于what-分句作主語的主謂一致問題》一文中，對主句謂語動詞數(shù)的形式做了深入探究。其中，周先生指出：當主句的表語是動詞不定式、動詞V-ing和從句時，謂語動詞只能用單數(shù)形式。他提供了以下的實例：
What he is suited for is to be loved. (J. Bayley: Shakespeare and Tragedy)
What we're doing is getting a chap used to getting up, going to work, learning how to behave in a workshop. (New Statesman, 15 June 1984)
What it comes down to is that the big cars are considered better buys. (U. S. News & World Report, January 18, 1982)
2.賓語從句。例如：
I could hardly believe what he had told me. [我簡直不敢相信他所告訴我的。]
His mother gives him what he asks for. [他要什么他母親就給他什么。]
3.表語從句。例如：
Books are what we need most. [書是我們最需要的東西。]
He is not what he was five years ago. [他不再是五年前的他了。]
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