2015考研英語(yǔ)基礎(chǔ)階段長(zhǎng)難句常見(jiàn)問(wèn)題大全
目前2015考研英語(yǔ)基礎(chǔ)階段復(fù)習(xí)中,輔導(dǎo)老師收集了一些學(xué)員共有的問(wèn)題,學(xué)員們?cè)诖穗A段除了復(fù)習(xí)詞匯外,我們還建議學(xué)員復(fù)習(xí)長(zhǎng)難句,分析句子,理解句子的意思,那么目前我們收集的基本是長(zhǎng)難句方面的問(wèn)題,在此輔導(dǎo)老師給大家整理出這些問(wèn)題,希望考生認(rèn)真學(xué)習(xí),從中總結(jié)長(zhǎng)難句分析的方法:
1. A technological advancement is gauged by the power it gives or the energy it consumes and the cost that is involved.
解析:本句的難點(diǎn)在于后置定語(yǔ),it gives,it consumes,that is involved,把這些后置定語(yǔ)直接作為形容詞短語(yǔ)放在前面就行,同時(shí)注意短語(yǔ)is gauged by:以...為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。那么我們來(lái)切分意群:A technological advancement /is gauged by /the power it gives /or the energy it consumes /and the cost that is involved.逐個(gè)意群翻譯,最后組合為通順的漢語(yǔ)。
整句翻譯為:技術(shù)改進(jìn)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)在于它所給予(或付出)的能量,它所消耗的能源以及它涉及的價(jià)值。(或投入的成本)
2、He adds humbly that perhaps he was “superior to the common run of men in noticing things which easily escape attention, and in observing them carefully.
解析:本句主要考察賓語(yǔ)從句,定語(yǔ)從句,比較及并列結(jié)構(gòu)。首先我們先切分意群,He adds humbly /that perhaps /he was “superior to the common run of men/ in noticing things/ which easily escape attention, and /in observing them carefully.
注意以下詞匯:humbly,卑謙地,謙遜地。Superior to高于…,然后逐個(gè)意群翻譯,組合成較為通順的漢語(yǔ):他謙虛的補(bǔ)充到:或許自己在注意到容易被人忽略的事情,并對(duì)其進(jìn)行仔細(xì)觀(guān)察方面優(yōu)于他人。
3、These peculiar elements in the make-up of man provide a long history and tradition of wisdom accumulated in various forms of civilization from which culture grows and continue flowing.
解析:本句是定語(yǔ)從句:主語(yǔ):These peculiar elements; 謂語(yǔ):provide。有兩個(gè)后置定語(yǔ):in the make-up of man; accumulated in various forms of; 定語(yǔ)從句是from which 后面。切分意群:These peculiar elements /in the make-up of man /provide/ a long history/ and tradition of wisdom /accumulated in various forms of civilization/ from which culture grows and continue flowing.
意譯為:這些組成人類(lèi)的獨(dú)特元素歷史悠久,使人類(lèi)擁有形式多樣的文明傳統(tǒng)的智慧,這種人類(lèi)文化源遠(yuǎn)流長(zhǎng)。
4、The technology that was prevalent in the 1940’s used to be about 100 percent more expensive and about 1000 times energy consuming.
解析:本句主要找準(zhǔn)主干:The technology used to ...,分辨出that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句及隱含的比較句。本句中沒(méi)有太難得短語(yǔ),切分意群:The technology/ that was prevalent /in the 1940’s /used to be about 100 percent more expensive/ and about 1000 times energy consuming.
意譯為:20世紀(jì)40年代盛行的技術(shù)大約百分之一百的昂貴,并且所消耗的能源也是現(xiàn)在的1000倍。
5、The progress of the digital techniques mainly depends on computer’s development and the progress of digital transmission systems based on it have merged computer and communication.
解析:本句是and引導(dǎo)的并列句,注意based的后置定語(yǔ),直接把其作為形容詞放在名詞前面。切分意群:The progress of the digital techniques /mainly depends on /computer’s development/ and the progress of digital transmission systems/ based on it /have merged computer and communication.
翻譯為:數(shù)字科技的進(jìn)步主要依賴(lài)于計(jì)算機(jī)的發(fā)展,基于數(shù)字科技的數(shù)字傳播系統(tǒng)的進(jìn)步融合了計(jì)算機(jī)與交流兩部分。
6、Man lives in the world of ideas, and acts and reacts in terms of concepts about objects and organizations.
解析:本句由and引導(dǎo)的簡(jiǎn)單的并列句,注意幾個(gè)詞組:in terms of根據(jù),依據(jù),按照。About關(guān)于….,切分意群:Man lives /in the world of ideas, and acts and reacts/ in terms of concepts /about objects and organizations.
根據(jù)主題人類(lèi)與動(dòng)物的區(qū)別,我們意譯為:人類(lèi)生活在思想的世界中,并根據(jù)物體和組織的概念做出行動(dòng)和反應(yīng)。
7、It is becoming less clear, however, that such a theory would be a simplification, given the dimensions and universes that it might entail, nonetheless, unification of sorts remains a major goal.
解析:本句是it引導(dǎo)的形式主語(yǔ),真正的主語(yǔ)是:such a theory would be a simplification, given the dimensions and universes that it might entail是定語(yǔ)從句,省略了which is,這樣切分意群:It is becoming less clear,/ however, that such a theory /would be a simplification, /given the dimensions and universes /that it might entail,/ nonetheless, /unification of sorts /remains /a major goal. 逐個(gè)翻譯意群的意思,然后再組合成通順的漢語(yǔ)。
意譯:然而,鑒于這樣一種理論所涵蓋的規(guī)模和領(lǐng)域,他是否還算是一種簡(jiǎn)化就越來(lái)越模糊了。盡管如此,將多樣性統(tǒng)一化依然是主要目標(biāo)。
8、Theories focusing on the role of society suggest that children commit crimes in response to their failure to rise above their socioeconomic status. 老師,麻煩您把"in response... status" 這部分的結(jié)構(gòu)給分析下吧,謝謝!
解析:children commit crimes in response to their failure to rise above their socioeconomic status是從句,children是主語(yǔ),commit賓語(yǔ),in response to 狀語(yǔ)。
本句是賓語(yǔ)從句,難點(diǎn)在in response to后的翻譯,切分意群:Theories focusing on the role of society/ suggest /that children commit crimes /in response to their failure /to rise above their socioeconomic status.需要大家來(lái)意譯:
強(qiáng)調(diào)社會(huì)角色的理論認(rèn)為,孩子們犯罪是他們自己沒(méi)有成功地超越現(xiàn)有的社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)地位的.(自發(fā)的,本能的)反應(yīng)行為。
9、Some philosophers argue that rights exist only within a social contract, as part of an exchange of duties and entitlements.
解析:首先我們來(lái)切分意群:Some philosophers argue / that rights exist only within a social contract, / as part of an exchange of duties and entitlements.
然后我們?cè)诜g時(shí)要注意:
1)主干結(jié)構(gòu)是主從復(fù)合句:Some philosophers argue that...
2)that引導(dǎo)的是賓語(yǔ)從句
3)as part of.。。是賓語(yǔ)從句中的rights的主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。
同時(shí)我們學(xué)員在翻譯時(shí)要注意以下的詞匯:
argue 論證
a social contract 社會(huì)契約
as part of 作為(是)……的一部分
entitlements 利益,權(quán)利
綜合以上的分析我們可以意譯:
有些哲學(xué)家論證說(shuō),權(quán)利只存在社會(huì)契約中,是責(zé)任與利益相交換的一部分。
10、It leads the discussion to extremes at the outset: it invites you to think that animals should be treated either with the consideration humans extend to other humans, or with no consideration at all。
解析:首先我們來(lái)切分意群:It leads the discussion to extremes at the outset: / it invites you to think /that animals should be treated / either with the consideration humans extend to other humans, or /with no consideration at all。
然后我們翻譯時(shí)要注意以下幾個(gè)部分:
1) it invites you to think that…后面是賓語(yǔ)從句。
2) animals should be treated either with..., or with.。。要么……要么……,是表示選擇的方式狀語(yǔ)。
3)the consideration后面的humans extend to other humans是定語(yǔ)。
最后翻譯時(shí)要注意以下的詞匯:
leads ...to extremes 引向極端
at the outset 從一開(kāi)始
invites you to think 使人們認(rèn)為
consideration 關(guān)切,體諒
humans extend to other humans 人對(duì)待人
綜合以上的總結(jié)我們可以意譯:
這種說(shuō)法從一開(kāi)始就將討論引向兩個(gè)極端,它使人們認(rèn)為應(yīng)這樣對(duì)待動(dòng)物:要么像對(duì)人類(lèi)自身一樣關(guān)切體諒,要么完全冷漠無(wú)情。
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