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2015年6月英語六級仔細(xì)閱讀模擬題（第二篇）
Section C
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A. , B. , C. and D.. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.
Opinion polls are now beginning to show a reluctant consensus that, whoever is to blame and whatever happens from now on, high unemployment is probably here to stay. This means we shall have to find ways of sharing the available employment more widely. But we need to go further. We must ask some fundamental questions about the future of work. Should we continue to treat employment as the norm? Should we not rather encourage many other ways for self-respecting people to work? Should we not create conditions in which many of us can work for ourselves, rather than for an employer? Should we not aim to revive the household and the neighborhood, as well as the factory and the office, as centers of production and work?
The industrial age has been the only period of human history in which most people's work has taken the form of jobs. The industrial age may now be coming to an end, and some of the changes in work patterns which it brought may have to be reversed. This seems a daunting thought. But, in fact, it could offer the prospect of a better future for work. Universal employment, as its history shows, has not meant economic freedom.
Employment became widespread when the enclosures of the 17th and 18th centuries made many people dependent on paid work by depriving them of the use of the land, and thus of the means to provide a living for themselves. Then the factory system destroyed the cottage industries and removed work from people's homes.
Later, as transport improved, first by rail and then by road, people commuted longer distances to their places of employment until, eventually, many people's work lost all connection with their home lives and the places in which they lived.
Meanwhile, employment put women at a disadvantage. In pre-industrial times, men and women had shared the productive work of the household and village community. Now it became customary for the husband to go out
to paid employment, leaving the unpaid work of the home and the family to his wife. Tax and benefit regulations still assume this norm today, and restrict more flexible sharing of work roles between the sexes.
It was not only women whose work status suffered. As employment became the dominant form of work,young people and old eople were excluded--a problem now, as more teenagers become frustrated at school and more retired people want to live active lives.
All this may now have to change. The time has certainly come to switch some effort and resources away from the utopian goal of creating jobs for all, to the urgent practical task of helping many people to manage without full-time jobs.
56. According to the author, the universal employment has__________.
A. turned out not to be the best form of jobs
B. created an alternative form of jobs
C. built tbe foundation of an economic leap
D. failed to produce job opportunities for most people
57. Modern forms of transportation have greatly encouraged__________.
A. the phenomenon of deprivation of employees' leisure time
B. the disconnection between people's work and their family life
C. the commutation between the working places and employees' homes
D. people's desire to work far away from where they were born
58. It can be inferred from the passage that __________ .
A. women could have been more productive than men in a proper job system
B. work in pre-industrial times has been distributed evenly between men and women
C. paid employment has aroused serious social problems in current society
D. women have been treated unfairly under the employment system of industrial age
59. What is the problem for the young under the employment system?
A. They are less likely to compete with the aged.
B. They are much worried about the generation gap.
C. They axe more likely to suffer from unemployment.
D. Their academic performances seem useless for job hunting.
60. What is the possible change of job forms?
A. Full-time employment will not be the dominant form of work.
B. Most people can work at home and for themselves.
C. The differences between men and women will disappear.
D. All people get equal job opportunities and equal pay
Passage Two
Questions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.
Blood vessels running all through the lungs carry blood to each air sac (囊), or alveolus(肺泡 ), and then back again to the heart. Only the thin wall of the air sac and the thin wall of a capillary (毛細(xì)血管) are between the air and the blood. So oxygen easily diffuses from the air sacs through the walls into the blood, while carbon dioxide easily diffuses from the blood through the walls into the air sacs.
When blood is sent to the lungs by the heart, it has come back from the cells in the rest of the body. So the blood that goes into the wall of an air sac contains much dissolved carbon dioxide but very little oxygen. At the same time, the air that goes into the air sac contains much oxygen but very little carbon dioxide. You have learned that dissolved materials always diffuse from where there is more of them to where there is less. Oxygen from the air dissolves in the moisture on the lining of the air sac and diffuses through the lining into the blood. Meanwhile,carbon dioxide diffuses from the blood into the air sac. The blood then flows from the lungs back to the heart,which sends it out to all other parts of the body.
Soon after air goes into an air sac, it gives up some of its oxygen and takes in some carbon dioxide from the blood. To keep diffusion going as it should, this carbon dioxide must be gotten rid of. Breathing, which is caused by movements of the chest, forces the used air out of the air sacs in your lungs and brings in fresh air. The breathing muscles are controlled automatically so that you breathe at the proper rate to keep your air sacs supplied with fresh air. Ordinarily, you breathe about twenty-two times a minute. Of course, you breathe faster when you are exercising and slower when you are resting. Fresh air is brought into your lungs when you breathe in, or inhale (吸入), while used air is forced out of your lungs when you breathe out, or exhale.
Some people think that all the oxygen is taken out of the air in the lungs and that what "we breathe out is pure carbon dioxide. But these ideas are not correct. Air is a mixture of gases that is mostly nitrogen ( 氮 ). This gas is not used in the body. So the amount of nitrogen does not change as air is breathed in and out. But while air is in the lungs, it is changed in three ways: ( 1 ) About one-fifth of the oxygen in the air goes into the blood. (2) An almost equal amount of carbon dioxide comes out of the blood into the air. (3) Moisture from the linings of the air passages and air sacs evaporates until the air is almost saturated.
61. It can be inferred from the passage that oxygen and carbon dioxide __________.
A. produce energy for breathing
B. diffuse immediately in the blood
C. penetrate slowly into the air sacs
D. travel in opposite ways in the lungs
62. When blood travels back to the lungs by the heart,__________.
A. more oxygen was contained in blood
B. more carbon dioxide was contained in the blood
C. less carbon dioxide was contained in an air sac
D. less oxygen was contained in an air sac
63. The movement of breathing can effectively__________.
A. help the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lungs
B. prevent the inhaling of excessive carbon dioxide
C. keep the regular circulation of blood
D. strengthen the function of breathing muscles
64. When we breathe out, the amount of nitrogen__________.
A. increases a bit because of the exchange of air
B. reduces a bit because of the exchange of air
C. remains the same as we breathe it in
D. keeps the same as that needed in lungs
65. The air in the lungs changes through __________.
A. inhaling some amount of oxygen
B. the evaporation of moisture
C. exhaling some amount of carbon dioxide
D. generating a passage for evaporation
Passage One
【參考譯文】
民意測驗現(xiàn)已表明：雖然人們并不情愿卻一致認(rèn)為，無論應(yīng)譴責(zé)誰，也無論從今以后會發(fā)生什么事情，失業(yè)率居高不下的形勢很可能不會改變。這意味著我們應(yīng)去尋找辦法來更廣泛地分享可利用的就業(yè)資源。
但是我們需要進(jìn)行更深入的探究。我們必須就工作的未來問一些基本問題。我們是否應(yīng)該繼續(xù)把雇傭關(guān)系當(dāng)做準(zhǔn)則?我們難道就不應(yīng)該鼓勵有自尊心的人通過許多其他方式就業(yè)嗎?難道我們就不應(yīng)該創(chuàng)造條件使我們當(dāng)中的許多人能夠為自己工作，而不是為老板 打工嗎?難道除了工廠和辦公室之外，我們就不應(yīng)該使自家和街坊鄰里重新成為生產(chǎn)和工作的中心嗎?
工業(yè)時代是人類歷史上唯一一個把大部分人的工作以就業(yè)的形式固定下來的時期�，F(xiàn)在，工業(yè)時代或許即將結(jié)束，它給我們的工作模式帶來的一些改變可能需要被推翻。這個想法似乎令人望而卻步。[56]但事實上。它可以提供更好的就業(yè)前景。從歷史來看，全民就業(yè)并不意味著經(jīng)濟上的自由。
在17、18世紀(jì)，圈地運動剝奪了人們的土地使用權(quán)，也因此剝奪了他們謀生的手段，使得很多人依靠帶薪工作，雇傭關(guān)系變得廣為盛行。接著，工廠系統(tǒng)摧毀了作坊手工業(yè)，并使人們的工作脫離了家庭。[57]后來隨著交通的發(fā)展，人們先是通過鐵路，而后公路，在住所和工笠地之間進(jìn)行更長距離的往返，直到最終，很多人的工作與他們的家庭生活以及居住地之間失去了聯(lián)系。
[58]同時，雇傭關(guān)系也使女性處于不利的地位。在工業(yè)化以前的時代，男人和女人一起分擔(dān)家庭和村莊社區(qū)的生產(chǎn)工作�，F(xiàn)在，譜遍的情況變成了丈夫出去工作賺錢：然后把沒有報酬的家務(wù)活和照顧家庭的任務(wù)留給妻子。今天，在稅收和福利管理方面仍是如此，限制男女之間更自由地分擔(dān)工作角色。
不僅僅是女性的工作地位深受其害。[59]隨著雇傭關(guān)系成為主導(dǎo)的工作形式，年輕人和老年人也受到了排鹽——現(xiàn)在，隨著越來越多的年輕人對學(xué)校感到失望，越來越多的退休人員想過更積極活躍的生活，這就成了一個問題。
所有這一切或許現(xiàn)在都需要改變。[60]現(xiàn)在我們的確要轉(zhuǎn)變某些努力和資源，放棄為所有人創(chuàng)造工作的空想目標(biāo)，將精力投入到這個緊迫而又實際的任務(wù)主——疊助大多數(shù)人能夠不靠全職工作而生活下去。
【答案解析】
56.A
定位：根據(jù)題干中的信息詞the universal employment定位到文章第二段最后兩句。
解析：本段最后兩句在評述工業(yè)時代和全民就業(yè)的關(guān)系時提到“但事實上，它可以提供更好的就業(yè)前景。從歷史來看，全民就業(yè)并不意味著經(jīng)濟上的自由。”由此可推斷，全民就業(yè)并非工業(yè)時代的最佳就業(yè)模式，因為該就業(yè)模式并未帶來經(jīng)濟上的自由。因此正確答案為A。
57.B
定位：根據(jù)題干中的信息詞transportation定位到第三段最后一句。
解析：題干問現(xiàn)代交通方式極大地鼓勵了什么。第三段最后一句指出，后來隨著交通的發(fā)展，人們先是通過鐵路，而后公路，在住所和工作地之間進(jìn)行更長距離的往返，直到最終，很多人的工作與他們的家庭生活以及居住地之間失去了聯(lián)系。由此可見，交通的發(fā)展最終使得人們的工作與他們的生活和居住地不再有關(guān)系，故B項是正確答案，其中disconnection是原文lost all connection的同義轉(zhuǎn)述。文中雖提到commute，即通勤的問題，但只是說交通的發(fā)展使得人們在住所和工作地之間進(jìn)行更長距離的往返，并沒有絲毫鼓勵這種通勤方式的意思，故C項排除。文中說人們由于工作而遠(yuǎn)離了他們生活的地方.這是客觀的情況，并不是人們的主觀渴望，D項錯誤。A項文中未提及。
58.D
定位：三個選項都含有信息詞men或women，據(jù)此定位到第四段。
解析：該段首句指出，工業(yè)時代的就業(yè)模式使女性處于不利地位，接著就這一主題進(jìn)行論述，在第三句指出，現(xiàn)在，普遍的情況變成了丈夫出去工作賺錢，然后把沒有報酬的家務(wù)活和照顧家庭的任務(wù)留給妻子。由此可見，工業(yè)時代的就業(yè)模式未能公平地對待婦女。故D項為正確答案。雖然工業(yè)時代就業(yè)模式對待婦女不公平，但并不能因此推斷出在工業(yè)化以前的時代工作是男女平均分配的.原文只是說那時男人和女人一起分擔(dān)家庭和村莊社區(qū)的生產(chǎn)工作，該表述過于絕對，故B項被排除。其他兩項文中未提及。
59.C
定位：根據(jù)題干中的信息詞meyoun9定位到第五段第二句。
解析：第五段第二句指出，隨著雇傭關(guān)系成為主導(dǎo)的工作形式，年輕人和老年人也受到了排擠一現(xiàn)在，隨著越來越多的年輕人對學(xué)校感到失望……由此可見在雇傭體制下，年輕人不容易找到工作，故C項為正確答案。本句雖提到年輕人對學(xué)校失望，但并沒有說他們的學(xué)業(yè)成績對找工作沒有用處，因此D項可排除。選項A和B文中并未提及。
60.A
定位：根據(jù)題干中的信息詞change和job forms定位到最后一段最后一句。
解析：該句指出，現(xiàn)在我們的確要轉(zhuǎn)變某些努力和資源，放棄為所有人創(chuàng)造工作的空想目標(biāo)，將精力投入到這個緊迫而又實際的任務(wù)中——幫助大多數(shù)人能夠不靠全職工作而生活下去。由此可見，為所有人創(chuàng)造全職工作的做法將會被改變，故正確答案為A項。題干中的change與原文switch…to…對應(yīng)。
Passage Two
【參考譯文】
遍布整個肺部的血管將血液帶入每個肺泡，然后再使血液流回心臟。在空氣與血液之間只有肺泡薄壁及毛細(xì)血管薄壁。[61]于是，氧氣很容易就會透過薄壁從肺泡散開，進(jìn)入血液里，而二氧化碳則很容易透過薄壁從血液主擴散，進(jìn)入肺泡。
[62]當(dāng)血液通過心臟被送往肺部時，它已經(jīng)是從身體其他部位的細(xì)胞中流回來的。所以，流入肺泡壁的血液里含有很多溶解了的二氧化碳，而氧氣含量卻非常少。然而，進(jìn)入肺泡的空氣卻含有很多氧氣，而只有少量二氧化碳。你已經(jīng)了解到溶解后的物質(zhì)總是 從含量較多的地方向含量較少的地方擴散�？諝庵械难鯕庠诜闻蒺つさ乃掷锶芙�，然后透過內(nèi)壁擴散到血液里。同時，二氧化碳從血液擴散到肺泡中。然后，血液就從肺部流回心臟，心臟再將血液送到身體其他部位。
空氣進(jìn)入肺泡后不久，就會釋放部分氧氣，并從血液中吸收一些二氧化碳。為了保持?jǐn)U散的正常進(jìn)行，這些二氧化碳就必須被排出體外。[63]由胸部運動引起的呼吸迫使釋放完氧氣并吸收了二氧化碳的空氣從你肺部的肺泡主流出，羞吸入新鮮空氣。呼吸肌肉是受自動控制的，以便你能夠以正常速率進(jìn)行呼吸，從而確保肺泡中有充足的新鮮空氣供應(yīng)。通常情況下，你每分鐘大概呼吸22次。當(dāng)然，當(dāng)你運動時，你的呼吸會加快;而當(dāng)你休息時，呼吸會放慢。當(dāng)你吸氣時，新鮮空氣被吸入肺部，而當(dāng)你呼氣時，釋放完氧氣并吸收了二氧化碳的空氣就被排出肺部。
有些人認(rèn)為所有的氧氣都在肺部從空氣中被分離了出來，而我們呼出的是純粹的二氧化碳。但是，這些想法是不正確的�？諝馐窃S多氣體的混合物，其中大部分是氮氣。這種氣體沒有被身體所利用。[64]所以，隨著空氣被吸入和呼出，氮氣的總量并沒有改變。然而，當(dāng)[65]空氣停留在肺里時。它會以以下三種方式被改變：(1)空氣中約有五分之一的氧氣進(jìn)入血液中。(2)差不多等量的二氧化碳從血液進(jìn)入空氣中。(3)氣道及肺泡黏膜中的水分會蒸發(fā)。直到空氣幾乎飽和為止。
【答案解析】
61.D
定位：根據(jù)題干中的信息詞oxygen和carbon dioxide定位到第一段最后一句。
解析：關(guān)于氧氣和二氧化碳在身體中的情況，第一段最后一句指出，氧氣很容易就會透過薄壁從肺泡散開，進(jìn)入血液里，而二氧化碳則很容易透過薄壁從血液中擴散，進(jìn)入肺泡。由此可見，氧氣和二氧化碳的運動方向相反，故D項為正確答案。
62.B
定位：根據(jù)題干中的信息詞blood和tOthelungsbythe heart定位到第二段第一、二句。
解析：題干問血液通過心臟被送往肺部時會發(fā)生什么情況。根據(jù)第二段前兩句可知，當(dāng)血液通過心臟被送往肺部時，它已經(jīng)是從身體其他部位的細(xì)胞中流回來的。所以，流入肺泡壁的血液里含有很多溶解了的二氧化碳，而氧氣含量卻非常少。由此可見正確答案為B。血液從心臟被送往肺部時，肺泡里正在進(jìn)行氣體交換，所以不能確定肺泡里氧氣和二氧化碳的含量比例，故排除C和D。
63.A
定位：根據(jù)題干中的信息詞breathing定位到第三段第三句。
解析：第三段第三句指出，由胸部運動引起的呼吸迫使釋放完氧氣并吸收了二氧化碳的空氣從你肺部的肺泡中流出，并吸入新鮮空氣。由此可推斷，呼出的空氣中吸收了大量的二氧化碳，而吸入的新鮮空氣中富含氧氣。呼吸促進(jìn)了氧氣和二氧化碳的交換。故A項為正確答案。
64.C
定位：根據(jù)題干中的信息詞me amountofnitrogen定位到最后一段第五句。
解析：根據(jù)最后一段第五句可知，在氣體通過呼吸進(jìn)行交換的過程中，“隨著空氣被吸入和呼出，氮氣的總量并沒有改變”，由此可見我們呼出氣體時，氮氣的量和吸入時一樣多。故C項是答案。根據(jù)本段第四句“這種氣體沒有被身體所利用”可知，人體并不需要氮氣，因此D項可排除。其他兩項均不符合文意，均排除。
65.B
定位：根據(jù)題干中的信息詞air和changes定位到最后一段最后三句。
解析：關(guān)于空氣在肺部的改變方式，第四段最后三句說“它會以以下三種方式被改變：(1)空氣中約有五分之一的氧氣進(jìn)入血液中。(2)差不多等量的二氧化碳從血液進(jìn)入空氣中。(3)氣道及肺泡黏膜中的水分會蒸發(fā)，直到空氣幾乎飽和為止。”將這三點與四個選項一一對照，可知只有B項與原文相符，故為正確答案。
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