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甘地夫人經(jīng)典演講：受過(guò)教育的女性能做的
人物簡(jiǎn)介
英迪拉·甘地，印度前總理、國(guó)大黨主席，她在印度人民心目中享有崇高威望的地位。英迪拉·甘地出生在印度北方邦阿拉哈巴德市的一個(gè)名門(mén)望族家庭里。其祖父莫蒂拉爾·尼赫魯是一個(gè)有聲望的大律師，他為這個(gè)小孫女起名英迪拉，意思是吉祥女神。其父曾預(yù)言：“我們這個(gè)女孩可能會(huì)勝過(guò)1000個(gè)男孩。”她最后印證了父親的這句話：“我何止勝過(guò)1000個(gè)男孩”。
演講全文：
An ancient Sanskrit saying says, woman is the home and the home is the basis of society. It is as we build our homes that we can build our country. If the home is inadequate-either inadequate in material goods and necessities or inadequate in the sort of friendly, loving atmosphere that every child needs to grow and develop-then that country cannot have harmony and no country which does not have harmony can grow in any direction at all.
一個(gè)古梵文諺語(yǔ)說(shuō)，女人是家,而家是社會(huì)的基礎(chǔ),就像我們能建設(shè)自己的家園我們才能建設(shè)我們的國(guó)家。如果家是不夠條件的-物資和必須品不充足，或者友好不充足，還有每個(gè)孩子成長(zhǎng)和發(fā)展所需要的友愛(ài)氛圍不夠好,那樣國(guó)家就不能和諧，一個(gè)不和諧的國(guó)家根本不能全方位的發(fā)展。
That is why women's education is almost more important than the education of boys and men. We-and by "we" I do not mean only we in India but all the world-have neglected women education. It is fairly recent. Of course, not to you but when I was a child, the story of early days of women's education in England, for instance, was very current. Everybody remembered what had happened in the early days.
那就為什么說(shuō)女性的教育幾乎比男孩和男人的教育都重要。我不是僅指我們印度而是全世界那些忽視了婦女的教育的國(guó)家。就在我小的時(shí)候，早期英國(guó)婦女追求教育的故事是非常流行的。每個(gè)人都記得起初發(fā)生了什么.
Now, we have got education and there is a debate all over the country whether this education is adequate to the needs of society or the needs of our young people. I am one of those who always believe that education needs a thorough overhauling. But at the same time, I think that everything in our education is not bad, that even the present education has produced very fine men and women, specially scientists and experts in different fields, who are in great demand all over the world and even in the most affluent countries. Many of our young people leave us and go abroad because they get higher salaries, they get better conditions of work.
而現(xiàn)在，我們得到了教育，并且整個(gè)國(guó)家引起了關(guān)于社會(huì)或者青少年是否需要的爭(zhēng)論。我是一直堅(jiān)信教育需要大調(diào)整的人之一。但同時(shí)我認(rèn)為我們教育中的一切都不是壞的，甚至現(xiàn)在的教育也培養(yǎng)出了非常好的男性和女性，特別是那些全世界甚至最富有的國(guó)家都需要的不同領(lǐng)域的科學(xué)家和專(zhuān)家。許多年輕人離開(kāi)我們出國(guó)因?yàn)樗麄兡艿玫捷^高的薪水得到較好的工作環(huán)境。
Our country is a very rich country. It is rich in culture, it is rich in many old traditions-old and even modern tradition. Of course, it has a lot of bad things too and some of the bad things are in the society-superstition, which has grown over the years and which sometimes clouds over the shining brightness of ancient thought and values, eternal values. Then, of course, there is the physical poverty of large numbers of our people. That is something which is ugly and that hampers the growth of millions of young boys and girls. Now, all these bad things we have to fight against and that is what we are doing since Independence.
我們的國(guó)家是一個(gè)非常富有的國(guó)家。文化富有，許多老傳統(tǒng)富有.古老而又現(xiàn)代的傳統(tǒng)。當(dāng)然，也有很多不足的方面和一些壞的社會(huì)事實(shí),就比如說(shuō)迷信，已經(jīng)好多年了，有時(shí)還遮擋了古代思想和永恒價(jià)值的光彩。然后，有許多物質(zhì)生活貧困的人信奉迷信思想,并阻礙了成千上萬(wàn)的男孩女孩成長(zhǎng)的東西�，F(xiàn)在這些壞的事情我們不得不反對(duì)，那也是我們自獨(dú)立以來(lái)一直做的事情。
As I said, we do have many shortcomings, whether it is the government, whether it is the society. Some are due to our traditions because, as I said, not all tradition is good. And one of the biggest responsibilities of the educated women today is how to synthesize what has been valuable and timeless in our ancient traditions with what is good and valuable in modern thought. All that is modern is not good just as all that is old is neither all good nor all bad. We have to decide, not once and for all but almost every week, every month what is coming out that is good and useful to our country and what of the old we can keep and enshrine in our society. To be modern, most people think that it is something of a manner of dress or a manner of speaking or certain habits and customs, but that is not really being modern. It is a very superficial part of modernity.
就我看來(lái)，我們有很多缺點(diǎn)，無(wú)論是政府還是社會(huì)。一些是由于傳統(tǒng)，因?yàn)樵谖铱磥?lái)，不是所有的傳統(tǒng)都是好的，現(xiàn)在受過(guò)教育的婦女最大的責(zé)任之一就是綜合我們古老傳統(tǒng)中有價(jià)值和永恒的東西，并且對(duì)現(xiàn)代的思想也是好的有價(jià)值的。所有現(xiàn)代的不一定都是好的就像所有老的也不都是好的或壞的。我們不得不決定，不是一次而是幾乎每一周，每個(gè)月，決定那些新出現(xiàn)的對(duì)我們國(guó)家來(lái)說(shuō)是好的有用的，和那些我們社會(huì)上能保持和銘記的。為了時(shí)髦， 多數(shù)人認(rèn)為那是服裝款式或者說(shuō)話的方式或者一種行為習(xí)慣，但那不是真正的時(shí)髦。那是很膚淺的現(xiàn)代性。
For instance, when I cut my hair, it was because of the sort of life that I was leading. We were all in the movement. You simply could not have long hair and go in the villages and wash it every day. So, when you lead a life, a particular kind of life, your clothes, your everything has to fit into that life if you are to be efficient. If you have to go in the villages and you have to bother whether your clothes are going to be dirty, then you cannot be a good worker. You have to forget everything of that kind. That is why, gradually, clothes and so on have changed in some countries because of the changes in the life-style. Does it suit our life-style or what we want to do or not? If it does, maybe we have to adopt some of these things not merely because it is done in another country and perhaps for another purpose. But what clothes we wear is really quite unimportant. What is important is how we are thinking.
例如當(dāng)你不能簡(jiǎn)單的留著長(zhǎng)發(fā)，因?yàn)樵诖迩f你很難每天洗頭發(fā)。所以，當(dāng)你引領(lǐng)一種生活，一種特定的生活，你的服飾，你所有的一切都不得不適應(yīng)那種生活如果你想生活的有效率的話。如果你不得不去村莊，你就不得不煩惱衣服是否會(huì)臟，然后你就不會(huì)是一個(gè)好的工人。你必須忘掉那一切。那就是為什么漸漸的，衣服等已經(jīng)在一些鄉(xiāng)村發(fā)生改變因?yàn)樯罘绞桨l(fā)生了改變。是否適應(yīng)生活方式或者我們是否需要?如果是，也許我們會(huì)接受這些東西的某些部分，不僅僅是因?yàn)樵谝粋�(gè)村莊是這樣做的也許是因?yàn)榱硗獾囊粋�(gè)目的。但是我們穿什么真的不重要，重要的是我們想什么。
Sometimes, I am very sad that even people who do science are quite unscientific in their thinking and in their other actions-not what they are doing in the laboratories but how they live at home or their attitudes towards other people. Now, for India to become what we want it to become with a modern, rational society and firmly based on what is good in our ancient tradition and in our soil, for this we have to have a thinking public, thinking young women who are not content to accept what comes from any part of the world but are willing to listen to it, to analyze it and to decide whether it is to be accepted or whether it is to be thrown out and this is the sort of education which we want, which enables our young people to adjust to this changing world and to be able to contribute to it.
有時(shí)候，那些從事科學(xué)的人思維卻很不科學(xué)，在他們其他的行為中-不是他們?cè)趯?shí)驗(yàn)室的行為,而是他們?cè)诩抑惺窃鯓由畹幕蛘呤菍?duì)他人的態(tài)度�，F(xiàn)在，印度成為我們所希望的現(xiàn)代國(guó)家和合理的社會(huì)，那固然基于我們古老傳統(tǒng)和土壤的優(yōu)秀成分，我們不得不有一個(gè)廣泛的思維，認(rèn)為年輕女性不是一味接受來(lái)自世界任何部分的內(nèi)容而是愿意傾聽(tīng)分析和決定是否被接受或者是否被摒棄，這就是我們想要的那種教育，那種能讓年輕人去判斷這個(gè)變化的社會(huì)并且對(duì)這個(gè)社會(huì)做出貢獻(xiàn)的教育方式。
Some people think that only by taking up very high jobs, you are doing something important or you are doing national service. But we all know that the most complex machinery will be ineffective if one small screw is not working as it should and that screw is just as important as any big part. It is the same in national life. There is no job that is too small; there is no person who is too small. Everybody has something to do. And if he or she does it well, then the country will run well.一些人認(rèn)為那僅僅依靠非常高的職位的人，那些做很重要的事情或者做國(guó)家服務(wù)的人。但我們知道多數(shù)復(fù)雜的政府機(jī)關(guān)不會(huì)有效的解決小問(wèn)題因?yàn)槿w成員就如同任何大部分那樣不想完成自己的工作。在國(guó)家生活中也是這樣。沒(méi)有職位是不重要的，沒(méi)有人是渺小的。每一個(gè)人都有一些事情要做，如果他或她做的好，這個(gè)國(guó)家就會(huì)運(yùn)行的好。
So, I hope that all of you who have this great advantage of education will not only do whatever work you are doing keeping the national interests in view, but you will make your own contribution to creating peace and harmony, to bringing beauty in the lives of our people and our country. I think this is the special responsibility of the women of India. We want to do a great deal for our country, but we have never regarded India as isolated from the rest of the world. What we want to do is to make a better world. So we have to see India's problems in the perspective of the larger world problems.
所以，我希望你們所有擁有教育這個(gè)巨大優(yōu)勢(shì)的人，不要只是做什么都是注意國(guó)家的利潤(rùn)，你可以為創(chuàng)造和平和和諧做出貢獻(xiàn)，給人們帶來(lái)生活的美麗。我認(rèn)為這是印度婦女的特殊責(zé)任。我們要為我們國(guó)家做出巨大貢獻(xiàn)，但是我們從不認(rèn)為印度是與世界其他的地區(qū)是分離的,們想做的是創(chuàng)造一個(gè)美好的世界。所以我們不得不以更大世界觀來(lái)看待印度的問(wèn)題。
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