英語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)過(guò)去完成時(shí)
過(guò)去完成時(shí)，表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)間或動(dòng)作以前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成了的動(dòng)作，即“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”。今天CN人才小編為大家收集整理的是英語(yǔ)過(guò)去完成時(shí)的相關(guān)內(nèi)容，希望大家喜歡，歡迎閱讀參考。
基本結(jié)構(gòu)
主語(yǔ)+had+過(guò)去分詞(done)
�、倏隙ň洌褐髡Z(yǔ)+had+過(guò)去分詞+其他.
�、诜穸ň洌褐髡Z(yǔ)+had+not+過(guò)去分詞+其他.
�、垡话阋蓡�(wèn)句：Had+主語(yǔ)+過(guò)去分詞+其他?
肯定回答：Yes,主語(yǔ)+had.
否定回答：No,主語(yǔ)+had not .
�、芴厥庖蓡�(wèn)句：特殊疑問(wèn)詞或詞組+一般疑問(wèn)句(Had+主語(yǔ)+過(guò)去分詞+其他)
⑤被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：主語(yǔ)+had(not) +been+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞+其他.
主要用法
1、表示在過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻或動(dòng)作以前完成了的動(dòng)作。如：
When the horse had finished the race, its sides were wet with foam. (這匹馬結(jié)束比賽時(shí)，脊背被汗水濕透了。)
I found your coat after you had left the house. (你離開(kāi)房子之后，我發(fā)現(xiàn)了你的外衣。)
2、表示由過(guò)去的某一時(shí)刻開(kāi)始，一直延續(xù)到過(guò)去另一時(shí)間的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。如：
Up to the sixties he had lived the life of a young man. (一直到60多歲，他還過(guò)著青年人的生活。)
When he had stayed here for two or three days he began to feel at home. (他在這兒住了兩三天，才覺(jué)得沒(méi)有什么拘束。)
標(biāo)志性詞語(yǔ)
過(guò)去完成時(shí)常見(jiàn)的標(biāo)志性時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)主要有：
1、by the end of+過(guò)去時(shí)間
By the end of last year, we had solved more than 100 problems. (到去年年底，我們已經(jīng)解決了100多個(gè)問(wèn)題。)
2、by the time+從句(動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去)
By the time she left the city, she had used up all her savings. (到她離開(kāi)這個(gè)城市的時(shí)候，她的存款已全部用完。)
3、by (the time of)+過(guò)去時(shí)間
He had taught maths for four years by last July. (到上個(gè)七月為止，他已經(jīng)教了四年數(shù)學(xué)了。)
4、before+過(guò)去時(shí)間
He had never ridden a horse before last month. (到上個(gè)月以前他從來(lái)沒(méi)有騎過(guò)馬。)
語(yǔ)法判定
1.由時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)來(lái)判定
一般說(shuō)來(lái)，各種時(shí)態(tài)都有特定的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。與過(guò)去完成時(shí)連用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有：
�、� by + 過(guò)去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)。
如：I had finished reading the novel by nine o'clock last night.
昨晚九點(diǎn)我已看完這本小說(shuō)了。
�、� by the end of + 過(guò)去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)。
如：We had learned over two thousand English words by the end of last term. 到上學(xué)期末我們已經(jīng)學(xué)了二千多個(gè)英語(yǔ)單詞。
�、� before + 過(guò)去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)。
如：They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday.
在上星期三之前，他們已經(jīng)種了六百棵樹(shù)了。
2.由“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”來(lái)判定
過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示“過(guò)去的`過(guò)去”，是指過(guò)去某一動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成的動(dòng)作，即動(dòng)作有先后關(guān)系，動(dòng)作在前的用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，在后的用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。這種用法常出現(xiàn)在：
�、儋e語(yǔ)從句中
當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句的主句為一般過(guò)去時(shí)，且從句的動(dòng)作先于主句的動(dòng)作時(shí)，從句要用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。如在told, said, knew, heard, thought等動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句。
如：She said that she had seen the film before.
她說(shuō)她已經(jīng)看過(guò)這部電影了。
�、跔钫Z(yǔ)從句中
在時(shí)間、條件、原因、方式等狀語(yǔ)從句中，主、從句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生有先后關(guān)系，動(dòng)作在前的，要用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，動(dòng)作在后的要用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。
如：After he had finished his homework, he went to bed.
做完作業(yè)后，他上床睡覺(jué)了。
注意：before, after 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中，由于 before 和 after 本身已表達(dá)了動(dòng)作的先后關(guān)系，若主、從句表示的動(dòng)作緊密相連，則主、從句都用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。
如：After he closed the door, he left the classroom.
他關(guān)上了門(mén)，離開(kāi)了教室。
�、郾硎疽庀虻膭�(dòng)詞，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示"原本…，未能…"
如：We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't.
我們?cè)鞠Ｍ銇?lái)，但你沒(méi)有來(lái)。
3. 根據(jù)上、下文來(lái)判定。
如：I met Wang Tao in the street yesterday. We hadn't seen each other since he went to Beijing.
我昨天在街上遇見(jiàn)了王滔。自從他去北京，我們都沒(méi)有見(jiàn)過(guò)面。
小試牛刀
1. We _______ (paint) the house before we _______ (move) in.
2. That rich old man ______(make) a will before he ______(die).
3. They ______ (study) the map of the country before they _______(leave).
4. The robbers ______(run away ) before the policemen_______ (arrive).
5. I ______(turn off) all the lights before I ______(go) to bed.
6. Paul _______ (go) out with Jane after he _______(make) a phone call.
7. Tom ______(say) he _______(read) the book twice.
8. Our plan ______ (fail ) because we _______ (make) a bad mistake.
9. When the chairman _______ (finish) speaking, he _______ (leave)the hall.
10.The Reads _______(have) lunch when I _______(get) to their house.
答案
1. had painted ... moved
2. had made ... died
3. had studied … left
4. had run away … arrived
5. had turned off … went
6. went … had made
7. said … had read
8 .failed … had made
9. (had) finished … left
10. were having/had had … got
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