職稱英語考試衛(wèi)生類閱讀理解復習練習題

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2017年職稱英語考試衛(wèi)生類閱讀理解復習練習題

　　Greenhouse Effect

2017年職稱英語考試衛(wèi)生類閱讀理解復習練習題

　　A greenhouse is a building made of glass which is used for keeping plants warm when the outside temperature is low. In a similar way， there are several gases in the atmosphere which trap the heat generated by the sun and prevent it from escaping. These gases are known as "greenhouse gases"， and the way in which they trap heat in the atmosphere is called the "greenhouse effect". This is not simply air pollution like photochemical smog (光化學煙霧)， for example. Most of the main greenhouse gases occur naturally in small amounts in our atmosphere， and without them the earth would be thirty degrees colder and human life would not exist. In other words， the greenhouse effect is a natural process which is to some extent beneficial to us.

　　The problem is that in the last century and a half， we have been putting excessive amounts of these gases into the earth's atmosphere by burning large quantities of coal and oil and by cutting down forests. In 1850， there were 280 parts per million of carbon dioxide (二氧化碳) in the atmosphere. Now there are 360， and this figure is expected to rise to 460 by the year 2030. We now put 24 billion metric (公制的) tons of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere every year. We have also created a group of artificial greenhouse gases that are 20，000 times more effective than carbon dioxide in trapping heat in the atmosphere. These are the chlorofluorocarbon (氟氯碳) gases， which are used in refrigerators and air conditioning systems.

　　The rapid increase in greenhouse gases is making the world warmer. The world's temperature has already gone up by half a degree this century， and the sea level has risen by ten centimeters. If the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere doubles， there will probably be a rise in the earth's temperature of between 1~ and 4~. This may seem a small increase， but it would be enough to cause major changes in geography and agriculture. Large areas of the world would be flooded， and some regions would become dry and unable to produce crops. It is important， too， to consider that there maybe a delay of about thirty years in the greenhouse effect. This means that we are probably experiencing only now the effect of the gases put into the atmosphere up to the 1960s. Since then， our use of these gases has greatly increased.

　　41 According to the passage， a greenhouse is built to

　　A keep the plants warm.

　　B prevent air pollution.

　　C stop the greenhouse effect.

　　D produce useful gases.

　　42 Without the greenhouse gases， the earth would

　　A become warmer.

　　B be much colder.

　　C move more slowly.

　　D move quickly.

　　43 A major cause of the increase in the greenhouse gases is

　　A the burning of trees and crops.

　　B the building of many greenhouses.

　　C the burning of large quantities Of coal and oil.

　　D the flooding of large areas of the world.

　　44 According to the passage， chlorofluorocarbon gases differ from carbon dioxide in that

　　A they are more useful.

　　B they are much heavier.

　　C they are more efficient in making the' world colder.

　　D they are more effective in catching the heat from the sun.

　　45 A small increase in the earth's temperature may bring about

　　A a decline in agriculture.

　　B a drop of the sea level.

　　C the death of all animals.

　　D a delay in the greenhouse effect.

　　Step Back in Time

　　Do you know that we live a lot longer now than the people who were born before us? One hundred years ago the average woman 1ived to be 45.But now，she Can live until at least 80.

　　One of the main reasons for people living longer is that we know how to look after ourselves better.We know which foods are good for US and what we have to eat to make sure our bodies get all the healthy things they need.We know why we sometimes get ill and what to do to get better again.And we know how important it is to do lots of exercise to keep our hearts beating healthily.

　　But in order that we don’t slip back into bad habits，let’s have a look at what life was like 100 years ago.

　　Families had between 15 and 20 children，athough many babies didn’t live long.Children suffered from lots of diseases，especially rickets(佝僂病)and scurvy(壞血病)，which are both caused by bad diets.This is because many families were very poor and not able to feed their children well.

　　Really poor families who lived in crowded cities like London and Manchester often slept standing up, bending over a piece of string，because there was no room for them to lie down.

　　People didn’t have fridges until the 1920s.They kept fresh food cold by storing it on windowsills(窗臺板)，blocks of ice，or even burying it in the garden.

　　Some children had to start work at the age of seven or eight lo earn money for their parents.If you had lived 100 years ago，you might well be selling matchsticks(火柴桿)(a job done by many children)or working with your dad by now.

　　16 On average women lived longer than men 1 00 years ago.