2017年職稱(chēng)英語(yǔ)試題理工類(lèi)復(fù)習(xí)模擬題精選3篇
Listening to Birdsong(傾聽(tīng)鳥(niǎo)鳴)
A male zebra finch chirps away to himself. Suddenly he notices a female bird, nearby: He realizes he has an audience and immediately changes his song. Can the female tell the difference in his performance? According to a new study, the female zebra finch knows. And she prefers the special trills he creates when he sings to her. A male zebra finch changes his song when singing to a female in ways that people can barely detect. But the female finch can tell the difference.
一只雄性斑胸草雀對(duì)著自己吱喳而鳴。突然間，他注意到不遠(yuǎn)處有一只雌性斑胸草雀。他意識(shí)到自己有了一位聽(tīng)眾并立即改變了自己的聲調(diào)。那只雌性斑胸草雀能發(fā)現(xiàn)他的不同嗎?根據(jù)一項(xiàng)新的研究結(jié)果顯示，答案是可以的。并且那只雌性斑胸草雀更喜歡當(dāng)雄性斑胸草雀為她歌唱時(shí)所制造的特殊顫音。人類(lèi)很難發(fā)覺(jué)雄性斑胸草雀對(duì)著雌性斑胸草雀鳴叫時(shí)所做出的改變，但是雌性胸斑草雀可以發(fā)現(xiàn)其中的不同。
Scientists had noticed slight variations in the songs of male zebra finches based on whether they were singing alone or whether there was a female ( and potential mate) nearby. With an audience, the males sped up the pace of their songs and controlled the notes they used.
科學(xué)家們根據(jù)雄性斑胸草雀是否在獨(dú)自歌唱或者根據(jù)其周?chē)欠裼幸恢淮菩园咝夭萑?潛在配偶)在場(chǎng)，發(fā)現(xiàn)了他們歌聲中的略微不同。當(dāng)有聽(tīng)眾在場(chǎng)的時(shí)候，雄性斑胸草雀就會(huì)加快他們嗚叫的速度并且控制其所用的鳴音。
For this Study, researchers Sarah C. Woolley and Allison Doupe at the University of California, San Francisco decided to focus attention on the listening females, which have not been well studied in the past.
為了此項(xiàng)研究，加州大學(xué)舊金山分校的兩位研究員：薩拉?C?伍利和艾莉森?杜普決定關(guān)注傾聽(tīng)者——雌性斑胸草雀，而雌性斑胸草雀在過(guò)去并沒(méi)有被仔細(xì)研究過(guò)。
In the study, Woolley and Doupe set up a long cage with a sound speaker at each end. One broadcast the sound of a male zebra finch singing to himself, like someone singing in the shower. The other speaker broadcast a male performing for a female audience, as if he was giving a concert.
在研究中，伍利和杜普建了一個(gè)很長(zhǎng)的籠子，籠子兩邊分別裝有一個(gè)揚(yáng)聲器。其中一邊播放的是雄性斑胸草雀對(duì)著自己演唱時(shí)所發(fā)出的鳴叫聲，好似一個(gè)人在洗澡時(shí)所唱的歌。另一邊播放的則是雄性斑胸草雀向另一只雌性觀眾表演時(shí)的所發(fā)出的雞叫聲，仿佛他是在舉行一場(chǎng)音樂(lè)會(huì)。
Female birds were placed between the two speakers. Some of the birds had mates, others didn't. The females shifted around a bit, and then most of them hopped over to sit beside just one speaker. All the birds that made a clear choice liked songs meant for a female audience, even if they'd never met the male.
雌鳥(niǎo)被放置在兩個(gè)揚(yáng)聲器之間。這些雌鳥(niǎo)中有的已經(jīng)有了配偶，有的還沒(méi)有。她們徘徊了一會(huì)，便大多飛向并暫棲在了其中的一個(gè)揚(yáng)聲器旁邊。所有的鳥(niǎo)都選擇了為了雌鳥(niǎo)而發(fā)出的表演性鳴叫聲，即使她們從未見(jiàn)過(guò)那只發(fā)音的雄性胸斑草雀。
Mated females also had a chance to listen to two different performance songs, one from an unknown male, and one from their mate. They spent more time listening, to the concert version of their mates' songs. This suggests that after a while, females learn to recognize--and prefer—the songs of their mates.
有了配偶的雌性胸斑草雀還可以聽(tīng)到兩個(gè)不同的表演性鳴叫聲，其中一個(gè)來(lái)自未知的雄鳥(niǎo)，另一個(gè)則來(lái)自她們的配偶。她們花了更多的時(shí)間傾聽(tīng)自己配偶的歌聲。而這表明雌鳥(niǎo)在經(jīng)過(guò)一段時(shí)間后可以識(shí)別出并且更加喜愛(ài)自己配偶的歌聲。
Scientists then studied the brains of the females. They found certain areas of the brain perked up when the birds listened to the concert songs. These brain areas may be involved in recognizing and evaluating the songs, and storing the memories of them.
科學(xué)家們繼而研究了雌鳥(niǎo)的腦部。他們發(fā)現(xiàn)當(dāng)雌鳥(niǎo)聽(tīng)到表演性鳴叫聲的時(shí)候，這些鳥(niǎo)的腦部的特定區(qū)域會(huì)變得活躍起來(lái)。而這些區(qū)域可能同識(shí)別、評(píng)價(jià)和儲(chǔ)存歌聲有關(guān)。
This research deals with what's called directed communication, when the communicator, or sender, focuses the message for a specific audience. One example is the way moms speak to their babies. Mothers around the world use the same sort of high-pitched sing-song chatter, and the babies respond best to those sounds. Songbirds are one of the only other species known to learn their communication, in this case their songs.
這項(xiàng)研究所關(guān)注的就是所謂的“指向性交流”，即當(dāng)傳播者或信息發(fā)送者所發(fā)送的信息就是為了特定的觀眾。其中一個(gè)例子就是母親向嬰兒說(shuō)話的方式。全世界的母親都采用同樣一種方式：高聲調(diào)的'歌詠式的喋喋不休。嬰兒對(duì)這種聲音的反應(yīng)最好。而鳴鳥(niǎo)是其他已知物種中唯一可以獲知這種指向性交流的物種，而在這種情況下，則是他們的歌聲。
詞匯：
finch n. 雀科鳴鳥(niǎo) perk v. 使振作，使活躍
chirp v. (鳥(niǎo))鳴 morn n. 媽媽(等于英國(guó)英語(yǔ)mum)
trill n. (鳥(niǎo)的)囀音;顫音 chatter v. &n喋喋不休，嘮叨
注釋?zhuān)?/p>
1. zebra finch: 斑胸草雀
2. chirp away: 吱喳而鳴。away有continuously和steadily的意思。
3. perk up : 活躍起來(lái)，振作精神
4. high-pitched: 活躍起來(lái)，振作精神
練習(xí)：
1. What does the first paragraph say about zebra finches?
A)Male zebra finches like to sing to female zebra finches.
B)Male zebra finches sing louder than female zebra finches.
C)Male zebra finches change their songs in female zebra finches' presence.
D)Male zebra finches like to listen to female zebra finches sing.
2. What did the researchers fred in their study of female zebra finches?
A)Female finches liked songs male finches sang for them.
B)Female finches only liked songs male finches sang for their mates.
C)Female finches liked to listen to songs from both speakers.
D)Female finches chose the best male singers as their mates.
3. What is meant by "concert songs" in the seventh paragraph?
A)Songs sung by zebra finches at a concert.
B)Songs sung by male finches for female finches.
C)Songs sung by female fmches for male finches.
D)Songs sung by male fmches to many female finches.
4. What is NOT true of directed communication?
A)The sender of a message has a specific audience.
B)Male zebra finches sing to female finches.
C)Mothers talk to their babies,
D)Male zebra finches sing to themselves.
5. Which of the following can best reflect the theme of the passage?.
A)Chirping away.
B)Birdsongs as communication.
C)Zebra finches and their life.
D)Enjoying birdsongs.
答案與題解：
1. C 文章第一段的第二句告訴我們，雄性斑胸草雀只要注意到有雌性斑胸草雀聽(tīng)他唱歌便會(huì)改變聲調(diào)。其他選項(xiàng)均不是該段所表達(dá)的意思
2. A 選項(xiàng)B、C、D 都不是答案，因?yàn)槲恼碌牡谖宥握f(shuō)，有配偶的雌性胸草雀更喜歡她們配偶的歌聲，而沒(méi)有配偶的喜歡的聽(tīng)雄性斑胸草雀為雌性斑胸草雀的歌。
3. B 第四段提到…a male performing for a female audience, as if he was giving a concert. 所以，第七段中的concert songs 即指雄性斑胸草雀為雌性斑胸草雀的歌。
4. D 文章的最后一段解釋了什么是directed communication,即，when the communicator, or sender, focuses the message for a specific audience. 該段又舉了母親對(duì)嬰兒說(shuō)話的例子，說(shuō)明這與雄性斑胸草雀為雌性斑胸草雀的歌同屬directed communication。
5. B 文章所涉及的研究旨在發(fā)現(xiàn)雄性斑胸草雀歌聲是否會(huì)在不同的情況下發(fā)生變化，其結(jié)果是，它們?cè)跒榇菩园咝夭萑赋钑r(shí)，會(huì)改變聲調(diào)和速度。這就是說(shuō)，它們的歌聲實(shí)際上是一種交流方式。所以應(yīng)選擇B。
Researchers Discover Why Humans Began Walking Upright （研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)人類(lèi)開(kāi)始直立行走的原因）
Most of us walk and carry items in our hands every day. These are seemingly simple activities that the majority of us don’t question. But an international team of researchers, including Dr. Richmond from GW's Columbian College of Arts and Sciences，have discovered that human walking upright, may have originated millions of years ago as an adaptation to carrying scarce, high- quality resources. The team of researchers from the U. S., England, Japan and Portugal investigated the behavior of modern-day chimpanzees as they competed for food resources，in an effort to understand what ecological settings would lead a large ape — one that resembles the 6 million-year old ancestor we shared in common with living chimpanzees — to walk on two legs.
我們大多數(shù)人每天都走路而且手里搬著東西。這樣的活動(dòng)看似太簡(jiǎn)單，大多數(shù)人沒(méi)有疑問(wèn)。但是一個(gè)國(guó)際研究者(包括喬治?華盛頓大學(xué)哥倫比亞藝術(shù)與科學(xué)學(xué)院的Richmond博士)團(tuán)隊(duì)已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)了人類(lèi)直立行走可能源于數(shù)百萬(wàn)年以前適應(yīng)搬運(yùn)稀有的、高質(zhì)量的資源。這些來(lái)自美國(guó)、英國(guó)、日本和葡萄牙的研究者研究了當(dāng)代黑猩猩爭(zhēng)搶食物時(shí)的行為特征，試圖對(duì)什么樣的生態(tài)環(huán)境竟然導(dǎo)致大猿(一種我們與現(xiàn)存的黑猩猩一樣的600萬(wàn)年前的祖先)直立行走作出解釋。
“These chimpanzees provide a model of the ecological conditions under which our earliest ancestors might have begun walking on two legs, "，said Dr. Richmond.
The research findings suggest that chimpanzees switch to moving on two limbs instead of four in situations where they need to monopolize a resource. Standing on two legs allows them to carry much more at one time because it frees up their hands. Over time，intense bursts of bipedal activity may have led to anatomical changes that in turn became the subject of natural selection where competition for food or other resources was strong.
“這些黑猩猩居住的生態(tài)環(huán)境和我們最早的祖先開(kāi)始直立行走時(shí)是相同的，” Richmond博士說(shuō)。研究結(jié)果顯示，當(dāng)黑猩猩需要獨(dú)占一種資源時(shí)，它們就從四肢行走轉(zhuǎn)換為直立行走。由于直立行走可以解放它們的雙手，這使得它們能搬更多的東西。久而久之，雙足活動(dòng)的強(qiáng)烈爆發(fā)可能導(dǎo)致了解剖學(xué)上的變化，因此這種變化也就成為自然選擇的主題，在那種情況下，對(duì)食物或其他 資源的爭(zhēng)奪是十分激烈的。
Two studies were conducted by the team in Guinea. The first study was conducted by the team in Kyoto University’s “ outdoor laboratory ” in a natural clearing in Bossou Forest. Researchers allowed the wild chimpanzees access to different combinations of two different types of nut — the oil palm nut，which is naturally widely available, and the coula nut, which is not. The chimpanzees’ behavior was monitored in three situations:(a) when only oil palm nuts were available,(b)when a small number of coula nuts were available，and(c) when coula nuts were the majority available resource.
有兩項(xiàng)研究是在幾內(nèi)亞完成的。第一項(xiàng)研究是在京都大學(xué)博蘇森林的一塊天然空地——“室外實(shí)驗(yàn)室”進(jìn)行的。研究者們?cè)试S森林里的黑猩猩能得到兩種不同的堅(jiān)果，一種叫油棕櫚堅(jiān)果，自然界隨處可見(jiàn)，一種叫可樂(lè)果，自然環(huán)境中不常見(jiàn)。人們監(jiān)控黑猩猩在下列三種情形下的行為：(a)只有油棕櫚堅(jiān)果;(b)只有少量的可樂(lè)果，大多數(shù)是油棕櫚堅(jiān)果;(c)大多數(shù)是可樂(lè)果，少數(shù)是油棕櫚堅(jiān)果。
When the rare coula nuts were available only in small numbers, the chimpanzees transported more at one time. Similarly, when coula nuts were the majority resource, the chimpanzees ignored the oil palm nuts altogether. The chimpanzees regarded the coula nuts as a more highly-prized resource and competed for them more intensely.
當(dāng)稀有的可樂(lè)果數(shù)量很少時(shí)，黑猩猩一次就會(huì)拿得多。同樣，當(dāng)大部分是可樂(lè)果時(shí)，黑猩猩對(duì)油棕櫚堅(jiān)果根本視而不見(jiàn)。黑猩猩認(rèn)為可樂(lè)果才是珍貴的資源，并為得到可樂(lè)果激烈競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。
In such high-competition settings，the frequency of cases in which the chimpanzees started moving on two legs increased by a factor of four. Not only was it obvious that bipedal movement allowed them to carry more of this precious resource, but also that they were actively trying to move as much as they could in one go by using everything available 一 even their mouths.
處于這種激烈競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的環(huán)境中，黑猩猩直立行走的頻率增加了四倍。很顯然，雙足行走可以使它們拿走更多的稀有資源，而且，為了盡可能地一口氣多拿，它們積極利用可用到的任何方法，甚至嘴巴。
The second study, by Kimberley Hockings of Oxford Brookes University, was a 14-month study of Bossou chimpanzees crop-raiding, a situation in which they have to compete for rare and unpredictable Resources. Here, 35 percent of the chimpanzees activity involved some sort of bipedal movement, and once again, this behavior appeared to be linked to a clear attempt to carry as much as possible at one time.
第二項(xiàng)研究是在牛津布魯克斯大學(xué)的Kimberley Hockings進(jìn)行的。該研究歷時(shí)14個(gè)月，主題是博蘇的黑猩猩搶劫糧食，場(chǎng)景是它們不得不為稀有和不可預(yù)知的資源競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。在這項(xiàng)研究中，黑猩猩35%的活動(dòng)是直立行走。而這一次研究再一次證實(shí)了黑猩猩的直立行走與它們?cè)噲D一次搬走盡可能多的東西有關(guān)。
詞匯：
scarce adj.缺乏的，不足的;稀有的
chimpanzee n.黑猩猩
ape n.無(wú)尾猿; 類(lèi)人猿
bipedal adj. 二足的
anatomical adj.解剖的
coula nuts( coula也可寫(xiě)作cola或kola)可樂(lè)果
注釋?zhuān)?/p>
1. GW’s Columbian College of Arts and Sciences:喬治?華盛頓大學(xué)哥倫比亞藝術(shù)與科學(xué)學(xué) 院。喬治·華盛頓大學(xué)(George Washington University)的英文簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng)為GW，是美國(guó)頂尖的私立大學(xué)之一，于1821年建校，位于美國(guó)首都華盛頓。
2. ecological settings: 生態(tài)環(huán)境
3. bipedal activity：雙足活動(dòng)
4. anatomical chaiige: 解剖學(xué)上的變化
5. Kyoto University:京都大學(xué)，是繼東京大學(xué)之后成立的日本第二所國(guó)立大學(xué)，于I897年建校。京都大學(xué)主要校區(qū)位于日本歷史名城京都市。
6. Bossou: 博蘇,幾內(nèi)亞的一個(gè)地名。博蘇森林生活著黑猩猩群落。
7. oil palm nut: 油棕櫚堅(jiān)果
8. increased by a factor of four:增加了四倍
9. in one go: —口氣
10. Oxford Brookes University: 牛津布魯克斯大學(xué)，創(chuàng)立于1865年，是英國(guó)最具特色的綜合性大學(xué)之一。牛津布魯克斯大學(xué)位于世界學(xué)術(shù)名城——牛津。這里學(xué)風(fēng)濃郁、精英薈萃，歷來(lái)為求學(xué)圣地。
練習(xí)：
1. Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the first two paragraphs?
A Many people question the simple human activities of walking and carrying items.
B Chimpanzee’s behaviors may suggest why humans walk on two legs.
C Human walking upright is viewed as an adaptation to carrying precious resources.
D Our ancestors' ecological conditions resembled those of modern-day chimpanzees.
2. Dr. Richmond conducted the experiment with the purpose of finding
A when humans began walking on two legs.
B what made our ancestors walk upright.
C what benefits walking upright brought to our ancestors.
D how walking upright helped chimpanzees monopolize resources.
3. Kyoto, University's study discovered that chimpanzees.
A regarded both types of nut as priced resources.
B preferred oil palm nuts to coula nuts.
C liked coula nuts better than oil palm nuts.
D ignored both types of nut altogether.
4. Why did the chimpanzees walk on two limbs during Kyoto University's experiment?
A Because they imitated the human way of walking just for fun.
B Because they wanted to please the researchers to get more coula nuts from them.
C Because they wanted to get to die nut-rich forest faster by walking that way.
D Because they wanted to carry more nuts with two free limbs.
5. What can we infer from the reading passage?
A Chimpanzees are in the same process of evolution as our ancestors were.
B Chimpanzees are similar to humans in many behaviors.
C Walking on two limbs and walking on four limbs each have their advantages.
D Human walking on two legs developed as a means of survival.
答案與題解：
1. A第一段第一句和第二句說(shuō)明，大多數(shù)人對(duì)人類(lèi)直立行走習(xí)以為常,并不質(zhì)疑這種習(xí)慣。而A的內(nèi)容正好與此相反，所以是答案。其他選項(xiàng)所述內(nèi)容均可從第一段和第二段推斷出
2. B 文章報(bào)道，科學(xué)家通過(guò)實(shí)驗(yàn)證實(shí)黑猩猩直立行走是為了解放前肢，讓前肢搬運(yùn)對(duì)其生命至關(guān)重要的資源，從而推斷出人類(lèi)祖先也經(jīng)歷了從四足到二足的進(jìn)化過(guò)程�？茖W(xué)家想通過(guò)對(duì)黑猩猩的實(shí)驗(yàn)解釋人類(lèi)直立行走的成因。所以B是答案，A、C、D選項(xiàng)不是科學(xué)家進(jìn)行研究的目的。
3. C第五段明白無(wú)誤地描述了黑猩猩全然不顧油棕櫚堅(jiān)果(ignored the oil palm nuts altogether),集中精力搶運(yùn)可樂(lè)果。所以C是答案，B、C、D的內(nèi)容不符合文章原意。
4. D黑猩猩用后肢直立行走，搬運(yùn)資源的效率提高了四倍。選項(xiàng)D符合原意，是答案。選項(xiàng) A、B、C的內(nèi)容文章中沒(méi)有提到，所以不是答案。
5. D 了解了通篇文章的意思，就會(huì)選擇選項(xiàng)D。人類(lèi)直立行走是受生態(tài)環(huán)境所迫，是人類(lèi)生存的一種手段，直立行走是自然選擇的結(jié)果。選項(xiàng)A和C的內(nèi)容文章中沒(méi)有涉及。文章中有選項(xiàng)B的內(nèi)容，但它不是文章的主旨。
U. S. Scientists Confirm Water on Mars(美國(guó)科學(xué)家確認(rèn)火星上有水)
NASA1 scientists said that Mars was covered once by vast lakes, flowing rivers and a variety of other wet environments that had the potential to support life.
美國(guó)國(guó)家航空航天局的科學(xué)家們稱(chēng)火星曾被巨大的湖泊、流動(dòng)的河流以及其他潮濕的自然環(huán)境所覆蓋，而這些都使其有了維持生命的可能。
Laboratory tests aboard NASA's Phoenix Mars Lander2 have identified water in a soil sample; the lander's robotic arm delivered the sample Wednesday to an instrument that identifies vapors produced by the heating of samples.
在美國(guó)國(guó)家航空航天局的“鳳凰”號(hào)火星登陸器的實(shí)驗(yàn)室所做的試驗(yàn)中，已經(jīng)在一份土壤樣本中鑒別出了水。登錄器的機(jī)器臂在星期三的時(shí)候把樣本傳送給了一個(gè)儀器，此儀器可以鑒別出通過(guò)樣本加熱而產(chǎn)生的水蒸氣。
"We have water," said William Boynton of the University of Arizona, lead scientist for the Thermal and Evolved-Gas Analyzer3, or TEGA. "This is the first time Martian water has been touched and tasted. "
“我們找到了水”，熱力與先進(jìn)氣體分析儀(也稱(chēng)TEGA)的主要科學(xué)家、亞利桑那大學(xué)的威廉?博爾頓說(shuō)道，“這是我們第一次接觸和品嘗到火星上的水。”
The robotic arm is a critical part of the Phoenix Mars mission. It is needed to trench" into the icy layers of northern polar Mars and deliver samples to instruments that will analyze what Mars is made of, what its water is like, and whether it is or has ever been a possible habitat for life.
登錄器的機(jī)器手臂是“鳳凰”火星計(jì)劃重要的組成部分。它需要破開(kāi)火星北極的冰凍地表，深入到土壤伸出鏟取樣本，并將樣本傳送給儀器，使其可以分析火星的構(gòu)成，火星上的水的形態(tài)和火星是否適合或曾經(jīng)適合人類(lèi)居住。
The soil sample came from a trench approximately 2 inches deep. When the robotic arm first reached that depth, it hit a hard layer of frozen soil. Two attempts to deliver samples of icy soil on days when fresh material was exposed were foiled when the samples became stuck inside the scoop. Most of the material in Wednesday's sample had been exposed to the air for two days, letting some of the water in the sample vaporize away and making the soil easier to handle.
土壤標(biāo)本來(lái)自于一個(gè)大概2寸深的溝渠。當(dāng)機(jī)器臂第一次達(dá)到這個(gè)溝的時(shí)候，它觸到了一層硬的凍土。當(dāng)新鮮的凍土暴露在空氣中的時(shí)候，機(jī)器臂曾經(jīng)兩次嘗試對(duì)凍土樣本進(jìn)行傳送，但樣本同鏟斗粘在了一起，使這兩次嘗試都以失敗告終。星期三所采集的大部分樣本已經(jīng)暴露在空氣兩天，這使樣本中的一些水分得以蒸發(fā)，從而使土壤更易處理。
"Mars is giving us some surprises," said Phoenix principal investigator Peter Smith of the University of Arizona. "We're excited because surprises are where discoveries come from. One surprise is how the soil is behaving. The ice-rich layers stick to the scoop when poised in the sun above the deck, different from what we expected, from all the Mars simulation testing we've done so far. "
“火星正在給我們一些驚喜，”“鳳凰”計(jì)劃的主要調(diào)查員、亞利桑那大學(xué)的彼得?史密斯說(shuō)道，“我們很激動(dòng)是因?yàn)榘l(fā)現(xiàn)源于驚喜。其中一個(gè)驚喜就是土壤的表現(xiàn)。當(dāng)富冰層被懸掛于甲板上方的太陽(yáng)底下的時(shí)候，它會(huì)和鏟斗粘在一起，這是我們從未預(yù)期到的，也不同于我們迄今為止所做過(guò)的任何火星模擬實(shí)驗(yàn)。”
Since landing on May 25, Phoenix has been studying soil with a chemistry lab, TEGA, a microscope, a conductivity probe and cameras. The science team is trying to determine whether the water ice ever thaws enough to be available for biology and if carbon-containing chemicals and other raw materials for life are present.
自5月25日登陸以來(lái)，鳳凰號(hào)就利用一個(gè)化學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)室、熱力與先進(jìn)氣體分析儀、一個(gè)顯微鏡，一根傳導(dǎo)性探針和相機(jī)來(lái)研究火星土壤。這只科學(xué)團(tuán)隊(duì)嘗試確定火星上的水冰是否曾經(jīng)大量融化，從而能支持生物存在。同時(shí)，它還將尋找火星土中是否有以碳為基礎(chǔ)的有機(jī)化合物，這些化合物是形成生命的“原材料”。
The mission is examining the sky as well as the ground. A Canadian instrument is using a laser beam to study dust and clouds overhead.
這次任務(wù)同時(shí)對(duì)天空和地表進(jìn)行研究，加拿大所制造的儀器所發(fā)射的激光可以幫助研究頭上方的塵埃和云層。
"It's a 30-watt light bulb giving us a laser show on Mars," said Victoria Hipkin of the Canadian Space Agency.
“這是一個(gè)30瓦的燈泡，它在火星上給了我們一場(chǎng)激光秀。”加拿大航天局的維多利亞?西普金說(shuō)道。
A full-circle, color panorama of Phoenix's surroundings also has been completed by the spacecraft.
航天器還成功采集了“鳳凰”號(hào)著陸的周?chē)貐^(qū)的彩色全景圖。
"The details and patterns we see in the ground show an ice-dominated terrain as far as the eye can see," said Mark Lemmon of Texas A & M University, lead scientist for Phoenix's Surface Stereo Imager4 camera. "They help us plan measurements we're making within reach of the robotic arm and interpret those measurements on a wider scale. "
“我們獲得的地表圖案顯示，火星基本上是一片以冰為主的地區(qū)。”“鳳凰”號(hào)負(fù)責(zé)地表立體成像首席科學(xué)家、德州A&M大學(xué)的馬克?萊蒙說(shuō)，“立體成像技術(shù)可以幫助我們?cè)跈C(jī)器臂所及范圍之內(nèi)的進(jìn)行測(cè)量，同時(shí)幫助我們?cè)诟鼜V的規(guī)模上解釋這些測(cè)量結(jié)果。”
詞匯：
foil v. 挫敗，使成泡影 conductivity n. 傳導(dǎo)陡，導(dǎo)電勝
scoop n. 鏟斗 thaw v. 融化，融解
vaporize v. 使蒸發(fā)，使汽化 panorama n. 全貌，全景圖
注釋?zhuān)?/p>
1.NASA：National Aeronautics and Space Administration(美國(guó)國(guó)家航空航天局)的縮寫(xiě)。NASA總部設(shè)在華盛頓哥倫比亞特區(qū)，是美國(guó)政府系統(tǒng)中的航空航天科研機(jī)構(gòu)，負(fù)責(zé)組織和協(xié)調(diào)美國(guó)航空航天的研究工作并提供咨詢。
2.Phoenix Mars Lander：鳳凰號(hào)火星登陸器。其使命是探測(cè)火星地表下的冰層，分析冰層是否曾經(jīng)融化產(chǎn)生液態(tài)水，并計(jì)劃?rùn)z測(cè)火星土壤是否含有生命存活的有機(jī)物。
3.Thermal and Evolved—Gas Analyzer：熱力與先進(jìn)氣體分析儀
4.Stereo Imager：立體圖像
練習(xí)：
1. What was discovered by NASA's Phoenix Mars Lander on Mars?
A)Vast lakes.
B)Flowing rivers.
C)Water in a soil sample.
D)Living things.
2. Why did the first two attempts to deliver samples fail?
A)The sample vaporized away.
B)Fresh material was exposed to the air.
C)The samples got stuck inside the scoop.
D)The robotic arm hit a hard rock.
3. Which one of the following statements is NOT meant by the writer?
A)Scientists have been trying to break the ice-rich layers of soil on Mars.
B)Scientists have been surprised by how the soil on Mars behaves.
C)Scientists have been trying to fend out if there is life supporting material on Mars.
D)Scientists have been trying to know if water ice will melt.
4. Where are the scientists involved in the research from?
A)They are from America.
B)They are from Canada.
C)They are from both America and Canada.
D)They are from neither America nor Canada.
5. Which of the following do you think is the best description of Phoenix's Surface Stereo Imager Camera, according to your understanding of the passage?
A)It imitates human vision and is able to capture three-dimensional images.
B)It imitates human voice and is able to record slight sounds while taking photos.
C)It takes clear photos that show every detail of the object.
D)It is this particular type of camera that can take wide angle pictures.
答案與題解：
1.C 短文的第一段告訴我們，NASA科學(xué)家曾經(jīng)說(shuō)過(guò)，火星上有廣闊的湖泊，流動(dòng)的河流，以及可能有支撐生命的潮濕環(huán)境。但這些只是科學(xué)家的假設(shè)，不是NASA’S Phoenix Mars Lander的發(fā)現(xiàn)，所以只有C是正確選擇。
2.C 短文第五段的第三句提供了答案。
3. A 第六段的第三句所述內(nèi)容說(shuō)明B是作者想要表達(dá)的意思，第七段的最后一句所述內(nèi)容說(shuō)明C和D也是作者想要表達(dá)的意思。文章里沒(méi)有A所表述的內(nèi)容。
4.C 短文的第八和第九段提到了加拿大宇航局的科學(xué)家為鳳凰號(hào)的火星探索提供了激光設(shè)備。
5. A短文最后一段的第一句：A full—circle，color panorama of Phoenix’S surroundings also has been completed…告訴我們，使用這種照相機(jī)可以拍攝全景照片。panorama：全景，全景攝影。
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