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2014年職稱英語考試理工類A級模擬題一
下面共有l(wèi)5個句子，每個句子中均有1個詞或短語畫有底橫線，請從每個句子后面所給的4個選項中選擇l個與畫線部分意義最相近的詞或短語。請將答案涂在答題卡相應(yīng)的位置上。
1、 The dentist has decided to extract her bad tooth.
A.take out
B.break off
C.push in
D.dig up
2、 The economy continued to exhibit signs of decline in September.
A.play
B.show
C.send
D.tell
3、 This table is strong and durable.
A.long-lasting
B.extensive
C.far-reaching
D.eternal
4、 He endured great pain before he finally expired.
A.fired
B.resigned
C.die
D.retreated
5、 The girl is gazing at herself in the mirror.
A.smiling
B.laughing
C.shouting
D.staring
6、 The index is the government's chief gauge of future economic activity
A.measure
B.opinion
C.method
D.decision
7、 It's sensible to start any exercise program gradually at first.
A.workable
B.reasonable
C.possible
D.available
8、 A lot of people could fall ill after drinking contaminated water.
A.boiled
B.polluted
C.mixed
D.sweetened
9、 You have to be patient if you want to sustain your position
A.maintain
B.better
C.acquire
D.support
10、 She stood there, trembling with fear.
A.jumping
B.crying
C.moving
D.shaking
11、 Medical facilities are being upgraded.
A.expanded
B.repaired
C.improved
D.transferred
12、 Rock climbing is hazardous.
A.interesting
B.dangerous
C.attractive
D.useful
13、 John is eligible for this job.
A.accepted
B.recommended
C.rejected
D.recommended
14、 In order to improve our standard of living, we have to accelerate production.
A.involve
B.decrease
C.speed up
D.give up
15、 Mary looked pale and weary.
A.worried
B.ugly
C.silly
D.exhausted
閱讀下面這篇短文，短文后列出了7個句子，請根據(jù)短文的內(nèi)容對每個句子做出判斷。如果該句提供的是正確信息，請在答題卡上把A涂黑;如果該句提供的是錯誤信息，請在答題卡上把B涂黑;如果該句的信息文章中沒有提及，請在答題卡上把C涂黑。
16、請根據(jù)短文的內(nèi)容，對16-23做出判斷
Mother Nature Shows Her Strength
Tornadoes (龍卷風) and heavy thunderstorms moved across the Great Lakes and into Trumbull County on Saturday evening. The storms were dramatic and dangerous.
George Snyder was driving the fire truck down Route 88 when he first noticed that a funnel(漏斗狀態(tài)) cloud was behind him. "I stopped the track and watched the funnel cloud. It wasabout 100 feet off the ground and I saw it go up and down for a while. It was moving towardBradley Road and then suddenly it disappeared. " Snyder said.
Snyder only saw one of the funnel clouds that passed through northeastern Ohio onSaturday. In Trumbull County, a tornado turned trees onto their sides. Some trees fell ontohouses and cars. Other trees fell into telephone and electrical wires as they went down.
Amanda Sym check was having a party when the storm began. "I knew something waswrong, " he said. "I saw the sky go green and pink (粉紅色). Then it sounded like a trainrushing toward the house. I started crying and told everyone to go to the basement forprotection. "
The tornado caused a 10t of damage to cars and houses in the area. It will take a long timeand much money to repair everything. There was also serious water damage from thethunderstorms. The heavy rains and high wind caused the power to go out in many homes.
The storms caused serious flooding in areas near the river. More than four inches of rainfell in parts of Trumbull County. The river was so high that the water ran into streets andhouses. Many streets had to be closed to cars and tracks because of the high water. This madeit difficult for fire trucks, police cars, and other rescue vehicles to help people who were introuble. Many people who live near the river had to leave their homes for their own safety.Some people reported five feet of water in their homes. Local and state officials opened emergency shelters for the people who were evacuated (撤走). 'The Red Cross served mealsto them.
"This was a really intense storm," said Snyder. "People were afraid. Mother Nature canbe fierce. We were lucky this time. No one was killed. "
The weather was nice in Trumbull County on Saturday evening.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
17、 George Snyder was a firefighter.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
18、 Amanda Sym check was having a party in the basement when the storm began.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
19、 Power supply system was not damaged during the storm.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
20、 There had not been such a severe storm in Trumbull County for a hundred years.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
21、 Rescue vehicles had a hard time getting to people.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
22、 Several people were missing during the storm.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
閱讀下面這篇短文，短文后有2項測試任務(wù)：(1)第23—26題要求從所給的6個選項中為第l—4段每段選擇1個正確的小標題;(2)第27—30題要求從所給的6個選項中選擇4個正確選項，分別完成每個句子。請將答案涂在答題卡相應(yīng)的位置上。
23、根據(jù)材料，回答23-31問題。
Earth Angels
1. Joying Brescia was 8 years old when she noticed that cigarette butts (煙頭) were litteringher hometown beach in Isle of Palms, South Carolina. When she learned that it takes fiveyears for the remains of a cigarette to disintegrate, she decided to take action. Joyinglaunched a "No Butts on the Beach" campaign. She raised money and awareness about theneed to keep the beaches dean. With the help of others. Joying also bought or receiveddonations of gallon-size plastic ice. cream buckets. The buckets were filled with sand, andplaced at all public-access areas of the beach. The buckets allowed people to dispose of theircigarettes before hitting the beach. Two years later, Joying says the buckets are fun and thebeach is nearly free of cigarette debris (殘片).
2. People who live in or visit Steamboat Springs, Colorado. have Carter Dunham to thank fora new state wildlife refuge that preserves 20 acres of marshland and many species of wildlife. Carter and other students wrote a management plan for the area around the Yampa River.The plan was part of a class project when Carter was a freshman at Steamboat Springs High School. Working with the Colorado Division of Wildlife. Carter and his classmates mappedthe area and species of animals living there. They also made decisions about, among otherthings~ Where fences and parking areas should be built.
3. Barbara Brown and her friends collect oil. It started as a project for their 4H Club after oneof the girls noticed her father using motor oil to kill weeds on their farm in Victoria, Texas.They did some research and discovered that oil can contaminate ground water -- a realdanger in rural areas, where people live off the water on their land. The girls researchedways to recycle oil and worked with a local oil-recycling company on the issue. Now. the"Don't Be Crude" program runs oil collection sites -- tanks that hold up to 460 gallons --where people in the community can dispose of their oil.
4. Five years ago. ll-year-old Ryan Hreljac was a little boy with a big dream: for all thepeople in Africa to have clean drinking water. His dream began in the first grade when helearned that people were dying because they didn't have clean water, and that as little as$ 70 could build a well. "We really take water for granted," says Ryan, of Kemptville,Ontario, in Canada. "In other countries, you have to plan for it. " Ryan earned the first$ 70 by doing extra chores (零工), but with the help of others, he has since raisedhundreds of thousands of dollars.
His efforts led to the start of the Ryan's Well Foundation, which raises money for cleanwater and health-related services for people in African countries and developing countries.
Paragraph 1__________
A.Provide Clean Water
B.Dig oil Wells
C.Save Clean Water
D.Don't Litter
E.Don't Be Crude
F.Protect Wildlife
24、 Paragraph 2__________
A.Provide Clean Water
B.Dig oil Wells
C.Save Clean Water
D.Don't Litter
E.Don't Be Crude
F.Protect Wildlife
25、 Paragraph 3__________
A.Provide Clean Water
B.Dig oil Wells
C.Save Clean Water
D.Don't Litter
E.Don't Be Crude
F.Protect Wildlife
26、 Paragraph 4__________
A.Provide Clean Water
B.Dig oil Wells
C.Save Clean Water
D.Don't Litter
E.Don't Be Crude
F.Protect Wildlife
27、Joying placed the buckets at all public-access areas to__________
A.make new materials
B.preserve wetland and animals
C.have clean air
D.have clean water
E.collect cigarette butte
F.collect despoiled oil
28、People are grateful to Carter Dunham for his efforts to_______
A.make new materials
B.preserve wetland and animals
C.have clean air
D.have clean water
E.collect cigarette butte
F.collect despoiled oil
29、Disposed oil and many other items can be reused to__________
A.make new materials
B.preserve wetland and animals
C.have clean air
D.have clean water
E.collect cigarette butte
F.collect despoiled oil
30、Ryan, with the help of others, is fulfilling his dream of help African people to__________
A.make new materials
B.preserve wetland and animals
C.have clean air
D.have clean water
E.collect cigarette butte
F.collect despoiled oil
下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道題，每道題后面有4個選項。請根據(jù)文章的內(nèi)容，從每題所給的4個選項中選擇l個最佳答案，涂在答題卡相應(yīng)的位置上。
31、根據(jù)材料，回答31-36問題。
第一篇
Technology Transfer in Germany
When it comes to translating basic research into industrial Success, few nations can matchGermany. Since the 1940s, the nation's vast industrial base has been fed with a constant streamof new ideas and expertise from science. And though German prosperity (繁榮) has faltered(衰退) over the past decade because of the huge cost of unifying east and west as well as theglobal economic decline, it still has an enviable record for turning ideas into profit.
Much of the reason for that success is the Fraunhofer Society, a network of researchinstitutes that exists solely to solve industrial problems and create sought-after technologies. Buttoday the Fraunhofer institutes have competition. Universities are taking an ever larger role intechnology transfer, and technology parks are springing up all over, These efforts are beingcomplemented by the federal programmes for pumping money into start-up companies.
Such a strategy may sound like a recipe for economic success, but it is not without itscritics. These people worry that favouring applied research will mean neglecting basic science,eventually starving industry of fresh ideas. If every scientist starts thinking like an entrepreneur(企業(yè)家), the argument goes, then the traditional principles of university research beingcuriosity-driven, free and widely available will suffer. Others claim that many of theprogrammes to promote technology transfer are a waste of money because half the smallbusinesses that are promoted are bound to go bankrupt within a few years.
While this debate continues, new ideas flow at a steady rate from Germany's researchnetworks, which bear famous names such as Helmholtz, Max Planck and Leibniz. Yet it is thefourth network, the Fraunhofer Society, that plays the greatest role in technology transfer.
Founded in 1949, the Fraunhofer Society is now Europe's largest organisation for appliedtechnology, and has 59 institutes employing 12,000 people. It continues to grow. Last year, itswallowed up the Heinrich Hertz Institute for Communication Technology in Berlin. Today,there are even Fraunhofers in the US and Asia.
What factor can be attributed to German prosperity__________?
A.Technology transfer.
B.Good management.
C.Hard work.
D.Fierce competition.
32、 Which of the following is NOT true of traditional university research__________?
A.It is free.
B.It is profit-driven.
C.It is widely available
D.It is curiosity-driven.
33、 The Fraunhofer Society is the largest organisation for applied technology in__________
A.Asia
B.USA
C.Europe
D.Africa
34、 When was the Fraunhofer Society founded__________?
A.In 1940.
B.Last year.
C.After the unification.
D.In 1949.
35、 The word "expertise" in line 3 could be best replaced by__________
A."experts,"
B."scientists"
C."scholars"
D."special knowledge"
36、根據(jù)材料，回答36-41問題。
Superconductor Ceramic (陶瓷)
An underground revolution begins this winter. With the flip (輕擊) of a switch,30,000homes in one part of Detroit will soon become the first in the country to receive electricitytransmitted by ice cold high performance cables. Other American cities are expected to followDetroit's example in the years ahead, which could conserve enormous amounts of power.
The new electrical cables at the Frisbie power station in Detroit are revolutionary becausethey are made of superconductors. A superconductor is a material that transmits electricity withlittle or no resistance. Resistance is the degree to which a substance resists electric current. Allcommon electrical conductors have a certain amount of electrical resistance. They convert atleast some of the electrical energy passing through them into waste heat. Superconductors don't.No one understands how superconductivity works. It just does.
Making superconductors isn't easy. A superconductor material has to be cooled to an extremely low temperature to lose its resistance. The first superconductors, made more than 50years ago, had to be cooled to -263 degrees Celsius before they lost their resistance. Newersuperconducting materials lose their resistance at -143 degrees Celsius.
The superconductors cable installed at the Frisbie station is made of a ceramic material thatcontains copper, oxygen, bismuth (鉍), strontium (鍶), and calcium (鈣). A ceramic is ahard, strong compound made from clay or minerals. The superconducting ceramic has beenfashioned into a tape that is wrapped lengthwise around a long tube filled with liquid nitrogen.Liquid nitrogen is super cold and lowers the temperature of the ceramic tape to the point where itconveys electricity with zero resistance.
The United States loses an enormous amount of electricity each year to resistance. Becausecooled supercondUutors have no resistance, they waste much less power, other cities arewatching the Frisbie experiment in the hope that they might switch to superconducting cable andconserve power, too.
What is the benefit of the revolution mentioned in the first paragraph?
A.With a flip of swish, electricity can be transmitted.
B.Other American cities can benefit from the high-performance cables.
C.Great amounts of power can be conserved.
D.Detroit will first receive electricity transmitted by the new electrical cables
37、 Compared to common electrical conductors, superconductors__________
A.have little or no electrical resistance
B.Can be used for along time
C.are not energy-efficient
D.can be made easily
38、 At what temperature does the superconducting ceramic lose its resistance__________?
A.-143 degree Celsius.
B.-263 degree Celsius.
C.As long as it is ice-cold.
D.Absolute zero.
39、 What element enables the ceramic tape to lower its temperature__________?
A.Copper.
B.Liquid nitrogen.
C.Clay.
D.Calcium.
40、 According to the last paragraph, which of the following statements is NOT true__________?
A.Other cities hope they Can also conserve power.
B.Other cities hope they Can use superconducting cables soon.
C.Superconductors waste less power because of their low resistance.
D.The Fribie experiment is not successful.
41、根據(jù)材料，回答41-46問題。
The Science of the Future
Until recently, the "science of the future" was supposed to be electronics and artificialintelligence. Today it seems more and more likely that the next great breakthroughs intechnology will be brought through a combination of those two sciences with organic chemistryand genetic engineering. This combination is the science of biotechnology.
Organic chemistry enables us to produce marvelous synthetic (合成的) materials. However,it is still difficult to manufacture anything that has the capacity of wool to conserve heat and alsoto absorb moisture. Nothing that we have been able to produce so far comes anywhere near thecombination of strength, lightness and flexibility that we fred in the bodies of ordinary insects.Nevertheless, scientists in the laboratory have already succeeded in "growing" a material that has many of the characteristics of human skin. The next step may well be "biotech heartsand eyes" which can replace diseased organs in human beings. These will not be rejected by thebody, as is the case with organs from humans.
The application of biotechnology to energy production seems even more promising. In1996 the famous science-fiction writer, Arthur C. Clarke, many of whose previous predictionshave come true. He said that we may soon be able to develop remarkably cheap and renewablesources of energy. Some of these power sources will be biological. Clarke and others havewarned us repeatedly that sooner or later we wi/1 have to give up our dependence on non-renewable power sources. Coal, oil and gas are indeed convenient. However, using them alsomeans creating dangerously high levels of pollution. It will be impossible to meet the growingdemand for energy without increasing that pollution to catastrophic (災(zāi)難性的) levels unlesswe develop power sources that are both cheaper and cleaner.
It is attempting to think that biotechnology or some other "science of the future" can solveour problems. Before we surrender to that temptation we should remember nuclear power.Only a few generations ago it seemed to promise/imit/ess, cheap and safe energy. Today thosepromises lie buried in a concrete grave in a place called Chernobyl, in the Ukraine.Biotechnology is unlikely, however, to break its promises in quite the same or such a dangerousway.
According to the passage, the science of the future is likely to be__________
A.electronics
B.biotechnology
C.genetic engineering
D.nuclear technology
42、 Organic chemistry helps to produce materials that are__________
A.as good as wool
B.as good as an insect's body
C.not as good as natural materials
D.better than natural materials
43、 According to the passage, it may soon be possible__________
A.to make something as good as human skin
B.to produce drugs without side effects
C.to transplant human organs
D.to make artificial hearts and eyes
44、 In 1996, Arthur C. Clarke predicted that__________
A.biological power sources would be put into use soon.
B.oil, gas and coal could be repeatedly used in the future.
C.dependence on non-renewable power sources would be reduced soon.
D.the Chernobyl disaster would happen in two years.
45、 What do we learn from the last paragraph__________?
A.Biotechnology can solve all our future energy problems.
B.Biological power is cheaper than nuclear power.
C.Biological power may not be as dangerous as nuclear power.
D.Biological power will keep all its promises.
閱讀下面的短文，文章中有5處空白，文章后面有6組文字，請根據(jù)文章的內(nèi)容選擇5組文字，將其分別放回文章原有位置，以恢復(fù)文章原貌。請將答案涂在答題卡相應(yīng)的位置上。
46、根據(jù)材料，回答46-51問題。
Why Would They Falsely Confess?
Why on earth would an innocent person falsely confess to committing a crime? To mostpeople, it just doesn't seem logical. But it is logical, say expels, if you understand what Callhappen in a police interrogation (審訊) room. Under the right conditions, people's minds aresusceptible (易受影響的) to influence, and the pressure put on suspects during policegrillings (盤問) is enormous. (46)__________ "The pressure is important to understand, becauseotherwise it's impossible to understand why someone would say he did something he didn't do.The answer is: to put an end to an uncomfortable situation that will continue until he doesconfess. " Developmental psychologist Allison Redlich recently conducted a laboratory determinehow likely people are to confess to things they didn't do. (47)__________ The researchers thenintentionally crashed the computers and accused the participants of hitting the "alt" key to see ifthey would sign a statement falsely taking responsibility.
Redlich's findings clearly demonstrate how easy it can be to get people to falsely confess:59 percent of the young adults in the experiment immediately confessed.(48)__________ Of the 15-to 16-year-olds,72 percent signed confessions, as did 78 percent of the 12-to 13-year-olds."There's no question that young people are more at risk," says Saul Kassin, Professor atWilliams College, who has done similar studies with similar results. (49)__________ a psychologyBoth Kassin and Redlich note that the entire "interrogation" in their experiments consisted of asimple accusation -- not hours of aggressive questioning -- and still, most participants falselyconfessed.
Because of the stress of a police interrogation, they conclude, suspects can become convinced that falsely confessing is the easiest way out of a bad situation.(50)__________
請在第__(46)__處填上正確答案。
A.In her experiment, participants were seated at computers and told not to hit the "alt"key, because doing so would crash the systems.
B."In some ways," says Kassin, "false confession becomes a rational decision. "
C."It's a little like somebody's working on them with a dental (牙齒的) drill," says Franklin Zimring, a law professor at the University of California at Berkeley.
D."But adults are highly vulnerable too. "
E.How could an innocent person admit to doing something he didn't do?
F.Redlich also found that the younger the participant, the more likely a false confession.
47、 請在第__(47)__處填上正確答案。
A.In her experiment, participants were seated at computers and told not to hit the "alt"key, because doing so would crash the systems.
B."In some ways," says Kassin, "false confession becomes a rational decision. "
C."It's a little like somebody's working on them with a dental (牙齒的) drill," says Franklin Zimring, a law professor at the University of California at Berkeley.
D."But adults are highly vulnerable too. "
E.How could an innocent person admit to doing something he didn't do?
F.Redlich also found that the younger the participant, the more likely a false confession.
48、 請在第__(48)__處填上正確答案。
A.In her experiment, participants were seated at computers and told not to hit the "alt"key, because doing so would crash the systems.
B."In some ways," says Kassin, "false confession becomes a rational decision. "
C."It's a little like somebody's working on them with a dental (牙齒的) drill," says Franklin Zimring, a law professor at the University of California at Berkeley.
D."But adults are highly vulnerable too. "
E.How could an innocent person admit to doing something he didn't do?
F.Redlich also found that the younger the participant, the more likely a false confession.
49、 請在第__(49)__處填上正確答案。
A.In her experiment, participants were seated at computers and told not to hit the "alt"key, because doing so would crash the systems.
B."In some ways," says Kassin, "false confession becomes a rational decision. "
C."It's a little like somebody's working on them with a dental (牙齒的) drill," says Franklin Zimring, a law professor at the University of California at Berkeley.
D."But adults are highly vulnerable too. "
E.How could an innocent person admit to doing something he didn't do?
F.Redlich also found that the younger the participant, the more likely a false confession.
50、 請在第__(50)__處填上正確答案。
A.In her experiment, participants were seated at computers and told not to hit the "alt"key, because doing so would crash the systems.
B."In some ways," says Kassin, "false confession becomes a rational decision. "
C."It's a little like somebody's working on them with a dental (牙齒的) drill," says Franklin Zimring, a law professor at the University of California at Berkeley.
D."But adults are highly vulnerable too. "
E.How could an innocent person admit to doing something he didn't do?
F.Redlich also found that the younger the participant, the more likely a false confession.
閱讀下面的短文，文中有l(wèi)5處空白，每處空白給出了4個選項，請根據(jù)短文的內(nèi)容從4個選項中選擇l個最佳答案，涂在答題卡相應(yīng)的位置上。
51、根據(jù)材料，回答{TSE}問題。
The Greatest Mystery Of Whales
The whale is a warm-blooded, air-breathing animal, giving birth to its young alive,sucking them -- and, like all mammals, originated on land. There are many front flippers(鰭狀肢), used for steering and stability, are traces of feet,(51)__________of this. Its Immensestrength is (52)__________ into the great body of the big whales, and in fact most of a whale'sbody is one gigantic muscle. The blue whale's pulling strength has been estimated (53)__________400 horsepower. One specimen was reported to have towed (拖) a whaling vessel for sevenhours at the (54) __________ of eight knot (節(jié)).
An angry whale will (55) __________ A famous example of this was the fate of Whaler Essex,(56)__________ was sunk off the coast of South America early in the last century. More recently,steel ships have (57)__________their plates buckled (使彎曲) in the same way. Sperm whales (抹香鯨) were known to seize the old-time whaleboats in their jaws and crush them.
The greatest (58)__________ of whales is their diving ability. The sperm whale dives to theBottom for his (59)__________ food, the octopus (章魚). In that search he is known to go as farDown as 3,200 feet, where the. (60)__________ is 1,400 pounds, to a square inch. Doing so hewill (61)__________ underwater long as one hour. Two special skills are involved in this storing upenough (62) __________ (all whales are air-breathed) and tolerating the great change in pressure.Just how he does it scientists have not (63) __________. It is believed that some of the oxygen isstored in a special (64) of blood vessels, rather than just held in the lungs. And it isbelieved that a special kind of oil in his head is some sort of compensating mechanism that _(65)__________adjusts the internal pressure of his body. But since you can't bring a live whale intothe laboratory for study, no one knows just how these things work.
請在第__(51)__處填上正確答案。
A.aspects
B.signs
C.ways
D.reasons
52、 請在第__(52)__處填上正確答案。
A.worked
B.divided
C.built
D.moved
53、 請在第__(53)__處填上正確答案。
A.at
B.in
C.of
D.with
54、 請在第__(54)__處填上正確答案。
A.number
B.degree
C.distance
D.rate
55、 請在第__(55)__處填上正確答案。
A.abandon
B.attack
C.leave
D.board
56、 請在第__(56)__處填上正確答案。
A.as
B.who
C.which
D.that
57、 請在第__(57)__處填上正確答案。
A.had
B.operated
C.Seen
D.caught
58、 請在第__(58)__處填上正確答案。
A.interest
B.job
C.danger
D.mystery
59、 請在第__(59)__處填上正確答案。
A.favorite
B.fast
C.new
D.sufficient
60、 請在第__(60)__處填上正確答案。
A.depth
B.pressure
C.level
D.size
61、 請在第__(61)__處填上正確答案。
A.set
B.become
C.remain
D.rest
62、 請在第__(62)__處填上正確答案。
A.heat
B.energy
C.food
D.oxygen
63、 請在第__(63)__處填上正確答案。
A.witnessed
B.determined
C.applied
D.calculated
64、 請在第__(64)__處填上正確答案。
A.system
B.place
C.arrangement
D.equipment
65、 請在第__(65)__處填上正確答案。
A.mentally
B.artificially
C.manually
D.automatically
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