2024年職稱英語衛(wèi)生類C級(jí)真題及答案
在學(xué)習(xí)和工作中，我們或多或少都會(huì)接觸到試題，試題是命題者按照一定的考核目的編寫出來的。大家知道什么樣的試題才是規(guī)范的嗎？下面是小編精心整理的2024年職稱英語衛(wèi)生類C級(jí)真題及答案，僅供參考，大家一起來看看吧。
職稱英語衛(wèi)生類C級(jí)真題及答案 1
第1部分：詞匯選項(xiàng)(第1-15題，每題1分，共15分)
下面每個(gè)句子中均有1個(gè)詞或者短語劃有底橫線，請為每處劃線部分確定1個(gè)意義最為接近的選項(xiàng)。
1. The odd thing was that he didnt recognize me.
A. strange B. real C. whole D. same
2. He was tempted by the high salary offered by the company.
A. taught B. kept C. changed D.attracted
3. The frame needs to be strong enough to support the engine.
A. structure B. bottom C. surface D. top
4. We found shelter from the rain under the tree.
A. defense B. standing C. protection D. room
5. We have to change the public’s perception that money is everything.
A. sight B. belief C. interest D. pressure
6. It seems incredible that he had been there a week already.
A. right B. obvious C. unbelievable D. unclear
7. This was an unexceptionally brutal attack.
A. cruel B. open C. sudden D. direct
8. “There is no other choice,” she said in a harsh voice.
A. firm B. soft C. deep D. unkind
9. She gets aggressive when she is drunk.
A. offensive B. worried C. sleepy D. anxious
10. I grabbed his arm and made him turn to look at me.
A. threw B. seized C. broke D.stretched
11. Traffic reaches its rush hour between 8:00 and 9:00 in the morning.
A. border B. goal C. peak D. level
12. That performance was pretty impressive.
A. completely B. beautifully C. very D. equally
13. She came across three children sleeping under a bridge.
A. found by chance B. passed by C. took a notice of D. woke up
14. I tried to detach myself from the reality of these terrible events.
A. bring B. put C.set D.separate
15. I have little information as regards her fitness for the post.
A. at B. with C. from D. about
參考答案：ADACB CADAB CCADD
第2部分：閱讀判斷(第16-22題，每題1分，共7分)
Promising Results from Cancer Study
A new experimental vaccine (疫苗) has shown promising results in the fight against lung cancer. In a small Texas-based study, a vaccine developed by scientists at Baylor University Medical Centre in Dallas, USA, cured lung cancer in some patients and slowed the progress of the disease in others.
Researchers have reported encouraging findings from this small study. Forty-three patients suffering from lung cancer were involved in these trials. Ten of these patients were in the early stages and thirty-three in the advanced stages of the disease. They were injected with the vaccine every two weeks for three months, and were carefully monitored for three years. In three of the patients in the advanced stages of cancer, the disease disappeared and in the others, it did not spread for five to twenty-four months. However, no great difference was seen in the patients in the early stages of the illness.
This new vaccine uses the patients’ own immune system. It is made specifically for each patient and is injected into the arm or leg. It stimulates the bodys immune system, which then recognizes that the cancer cells are harmful, and attacks and destroys them.
The vaccine could be effective against other forms of cancer. It offers great hope for the treatment of cancer in general, although further studies are needed before such treatment can be widely used.
16. The vaccine cured all the participants in the trial.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
17. Over forty people participated in the study.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
18. Patients in the early stages of the disease recovered more quickly in the trial.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
19. All the patients were from Dallas.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
20. Every patient was injected with the same vaccine.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
21. The vaccine activates the immune system.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
22. The vaccine may be useful for treating other cancers.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
參考答案：BABCBAA
第3部分：概括大意與完成句子(第23-30題，每題1分，共8分)
下面的短文后有2項(xiàng)測試任務(wù)：(1)第23~26題要求從所給的6個(gè)選項(xiàng)中為指定段落每段選擇1個(gè)最佳標(biāo)題;(2)第27~30題要求從所給的6個(gè)選項(xiàng)中為每個(gè)句子確定一個(gè)最佳選項(xiàng)。
Music Used As Healing Therapy
1 Music has long been used to treat patients suffering from different problems. In 400 BC, its healing properties were documented by the ancient Greeks. More recently, in both world wars in the last century, medical workers used music therapy (療法)with people suffering from trauma (外傷).Currently, it is used as a treatment for many diseases, such as cancer, and it has also been used with patients with long-term pain and learning disabilities.
2 There is growing evidence that music can cause physical changes to the body which can improve our health. In the Welcome Trust study, which took place over three years at the Chelsea and Westminster hospital in London, patients were asked to listen to musical performances. As a result, it was found that stress levels were significantly reduced, recovery times were improved, and fewer drugs were needed.
3 These very positive results are partly due to general well-being (良好的`健康狀況). It is already accepted that when people feel happy and have a positive approach to life, they are more likely to feel better and recover from disease quickly. Music increases this feeling of joy and adds to the recovery process.
4 However, not all these benefits can be attributed to an increase in general well-being. Music has other effects which have not yet been understood. According to Professor Robertson, a scientist and musician, some effects of music are mysterious and are, therefore, being investigated further, it has been suggested that the sounds and rhythms of music help stimulate the brain and send electrical messages to the muscles.
5 Science, however, demands facts and hard evidence. Many in the medical profession have not yet recognized the healing benefits of music, since reports have been based mainly on various stories of evidence. These new studies could provide proof to doctors that music is a suitable treatment for many conditions. One day doctors may even "prescribe"(開處方)music, but that could be a long time in the future.
A. Potential dangers of music therapy
B. Increase in general well-being
C. History of music therapy
D. Other mysterious effects of music
E. Positive physical changes caused by music
F. Music and your body
23. Paragraph 1__C______
24. Paragraph 2___E_____
25. Paragraph 3 ___B_____
26. Paragraph 4 ____D____
27. Researchers have found that patients stress levels decrease when they___E_____
28. Music can treat patients partly because____D____
29. Those who always look on the bright side of life are more likely to___A_____
30. Many doctors dont believe that music can treat diseases because___B_____
A. recover from disease quickly
B. there is not enough hard evidence
C. use their minds actively
D. it improves general well-being
E. listen to musical performances
F. it brings many other benefits
第4部分：閱讀理解(第31-45題，每題3分，共45分)
下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道題。請根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，為每題確定1個(gè)最佳選項(xiàng)。
第一篇 The Development of Ballet
Ballet is a dance form that has a long history. The fact that it survives to this day shows that it has adjusted as times have changed.
Ballet began in the royal courts during the Renaissance. At that time it became common for kings and queens, as well as other nobility(貴族), to participate in pageants that included music, poetry, and dance. As these entertainments moved from the Italian courts to the French ones, court ladies began participating in them. Though their long dresses prevented much movement, they were able to perform elaborate(復(fù)雜的) walking patterns. It was not until the 1600s that women dancers shortened their skirts, changed to flat shoes, and began doing some of the leaps and turns performed by men.
It was also in the 1600s that professional ballet began. King Louis XIV of France, himself a devoted dancer, founded the Royal Academy of Dance. The five basic feet positions from which all ballet steps begin were finalized. In the late 1700s another important change occurred. Ballet began to tell a story on its own. It was no longer simply dance to be performed between acts of plays. Elaborate wigs(假發(fā)) and costumes were eliminated. By the early 1800s dancers to rise on their toes to make it appear that were floating.
Classical ballet as we know it today was influenced primarily by Russian dancing. The Russians remained interested in ballet when it declined in other European countries in the mid-1800s. One of the most influential figures of the early 20th century was Sergei Diaghilev. His dance company, the Ballets Russes, brought a new energy and excitement to ballet. One of his chief assistants, George Balanchine, went on to found the New York City Ballet in 1948 and to influence new generations of dancers.
31. This passage deals mainly with
A. famous names in ballet.
B. how ballet has developed.
C. Russian ballet.
D. why ballet is no longer popular.
32. The word "pageants" in Paragraph 2 means
A. big shows.
B. dances.
C. instructions.
D. royal courts.
33. Professional ballet was first performed in
A. France.
B. Italy.
C. Russia.
D. America.
34. Who had an important influence on early ballet?
A. Balanchine.
B. Antoinette.
C. Diaghilev.
D. Louis XIV.
35. We can conclude from this passage that ballet
A. is a dying art.
B. will continue to change.
C. is currently performed only in Russia.
D. is often performed by dancers with little training.
參考答案：BAADB
第二篇 Late-night Drinking
Coffee lovers, be careful. Having a quick "pick-me-up" cup of coffee late in the day will interrupt your sleep. As well as being a stimulant (興奮劑), caffeine interrupts the flow of melatonin (褪黑激素)，the brain hormone that sends people into a sleep.
Melatonin levels normally start to rise about two hours before bedtime. Levels then peak between 2 am and 4 am, before falling again. "Its the neurohormone (神經(jīng)激素) that controls our sleep and tells our body when to sleep and when to wake," says Maurice Ohayon of the Stanford Steep Epidemiology Research Center at Stanford University in California. But researchers in Israel have found that caffeinated coffee halves the bodys levels of this sleep hormone.
Lotan Shito and a team at the Sapir Medical Center in Tel Aviv University found that six volunteers slept less well after a cup of caffeinated coffee than after drinking the same amount of decaf (脫咖啡因咖啡). On average, subjects slept 336 minutes per night after drinking caffeinated coffee, compared with 415 minutes after decaf. They also took half an hour to drop off, twice as long as usual.
In the second phase of the experiment, the researchers woke the volunteers every three hours and asked them to give a urine (尿)sample. Shilo measured concentrations of a breakdown product of melatonin. The results suggest that melatonin concentrations in caffeine drinkers were half those in decaf drinkers. In a paper accepted for publication in Sleep Medicine, the researchers suggest that caffeine blocks production of the enzyme (酶) that drives melatonin production.
Because it can take many hours to eliminate caffeine from the body, Ohayon recommends that coffee lovers switch to decaf after lunch.
36. The author mentions “pick-me-up” to indicate that
A. melatonin levels need to be raised.
B. coffee is a stimulant.
C. neurohormone can wake us up.
D. caffeine can balance our brain hormone.
37. Which of the following tells us how caffeine affects sleep?
A. It blocks production of the enzyme that stops melatonin production.
B. It interrupts the flow of the hormone that prevents people from sleeping
C. It halves the bodys levels of sleep hormone.
D. It stays in the body for many hours.
38. What does Paragraph 3 mainly discuss?
A. Different effects of caffeinated coffee and decaf on steep.
B. Lotan Shilos research design on sleep.
C. What the subjects did after drinking decaf at night.
D. Why some subjects took half an hour to fall asleep.
39. The experiment mentioned in Paragraph 4 finds that caffeine drinkers
A. produce less melatonin.
B. sleep longer than decaf drinkers.
C. produce more urine at night
D. wake up every three hours.
40. Ohayon advises coffee lovers
A. to drink less coffee during the day.
B. to take decaf after lunch.
C. not to go to bed after taking coffee.
D. not to drink coffee after supper
參考答案：BCAAD
第三篇 The World’s Best-Selling Medicine
Since ancient times, people all over the world have used willow to stop pain. The willow tree contains salicylic acid (水楊酸). This stops pain, but there is one problem. Salicylic acid also hurts the stomach. In 1853, a French scientist made a mixture from willow that did not hurt the stomach. However, his mixture was difficult to make, and he did not try to produce or sell it.
In 1897, in Germany, Felix Hoffmann also made a mixture with salicylic acid. He tried it himself first and then gave it to his father because his father was old and in a lot of pain. His father’s pain went away, and the mixture did not hurt his stomach.
Hoffmann worked for Bayer, a German company. He showed his new drug to his manager, who tested the drug and found that it worked well. Bayer decided to make the drug. They called it aspirin and put the Bayer name on every pill.
Aspirin was an immediate success. Almost everyone has pain of some kind, so aspirin answered a true need. Aspirin was cheap, easy to take, and effective, it also lowered fevers. Aspirin was a wonder drug.
At first, Bayer sold the drug through doctors, who then sold it to their patients. In 1915, the company started to sell aspirin in drugstores. In the United States, Bayer had a patent on the drug. Other companies could make similar products and sell them in other countries, but only Bayer could make and sell aspirin in the United States. In time, Bayer could no longer own the name aspirin in the United States. Other companies could make it there, too. However, Bayer aspirin was the most well known, and for many years, it was the market leader.
By the 1950s, new painkillers were on the market. Aspirin was no longer the only way to treat pain and reduce fever. Bayer and other companies looked for other drugs to make. However, in the 1970s they got a surprise. Doctors noticed that patients who were taking aspirin had fewer heart attacks than other people. A British researcher named John Vane found the reason aspirin helped to prevent heart attacks. In 1982, he won the Nobel Prize for his research. Doctors started to tell some of their patients to take aspirin every day to prevent heart attacks. It has made life better for the many people who take it. It has also made a lot of money for companies like Bayer that produce and sell it!
41. Why didnt the French scientist continue to make the medicine that stopped pain?
A. It didnt work well.
B. It was hard to make.
C. It hurt the stomach.
D. It was not cost-effective.
42. Why was Felix Hoffmann looking for a painkiller?
A. His company told him to do that.
B. His father was in pain.
C. He wanted to make a lot of money.
D. He suffered from headache.
43. Bayer started making aspirin because
A. it helped prevent heart attacks.
B. other companies were making it.
C. it worked well in stopping pain
D. the manager was a scientist.
44. Bayer aspirin was
A. the only drug with the name “aspirin”.
B. the first aspirin sold in the United States.
C. not sold in drugstores in 1915.
D. not easy to find in drugstores.
45. What has happened to aspirin since new painkillers came on the market?
A. Companies have stopped selling it.
B. It has become the best-selling painkiller.
C. Its new use has been discovered.
D. Doctors have sold it to patients.
參考答案：BBCBC
第5部分：補(bǔ)全短文(第46-50題，每題2分，共10分)
下面的短文有5處空白，短文后有6個(gè)句子，其中5個(gè)取自短文，請根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容將其分別放回原有位置，以恢復(fù)文章面貌。
A Doctor in the House
Brushing your teeth twice a day should keep the dentist away. But if a group of scientific researchers have their wish, it will make the rest of your body healthy too. (46) ________ It is one of many gadgets(小裝置) proposed by engineers and doctors at the Center for Future Health in New York— others include a pair of glasses that help to jog your memory, and a home camera designed to check for cancer.
The devices seem fanciful, but the basic principles are simple. The gadgets should make it easy for people to detect illness long before it strikes and so seek treatment far earlier than normal. (47) ________ In the long run, the technology may even prevent illness by encouraging us to lead healthier lives.
Intelligent bandages(繃帶) are a good example. Powerful sensors within the bandage could quickly Identify tiny amounts of bacteria in a wound and determine which antibiotics(抗生素) would work best. (48) ________
Socks are long overdue for a makeover. In the future they will be able to automatically detect the amount of pressure in your foot and alert you when an ulcer(潰瘍) is coming up.
All the projects should have far-reaching implications, but the biggest single development is a melanoma(黑瘤) monitor designed to give early warnings of cancer. (49)________ If a problem is found, the system would advise you to get a check-up at your doctor’s surgery.
If all this sounds troublesome, then help is at hand. (50)________ A standard computer would be able to understand your voice and answer questions about your symptoms in plain English and in a way which would calm your nerves.
49.A. The device could be used to take a picture of your body each week, then compare it with previous images.
B. That is going to be the difficult part.
48.C. The cut could then be treated instantly, so avoiding possible complications.
50.D. Instead of relying on hi- tech hospitals, the emphasis is shifted to the home and easy-to-use gadgets.
47.E. Experts are also working on a ‘digital doctor’, complete with a comforting bedside manner.
46.F. A toothbrush that checks blood sugar and bacteria while you brush is currently in development in the USA.
第6部分：完形填空(第51-65題，每題1分，共15分)
下面的短文有15處空白，請根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容為每處空白確定1個(gè)最佳選項(xiàng)。
Domestic Violence
Nearly three in 10 men have experienced violence at the hands of an intimate partner during their lifetime, according_________ (51) one of the few studies to look at domestic violence and health among men.
"Many men actually do_________ (52) domestic violence, although we dont hear about it often."Dr. Robert J Reid of the University of Washington in Seattle, one of the studys authors, told Reuters Health. "They often dont_________ (53) and we dont ask. We want to get the message out to men who do experience domestic violence _________ (54) they are not alone and there are resources available to them.
The researchers asked study_________ (55) about physical abuse (人身傷害) and non-physical abuse, such as_________(56)that made them fear for their safety, controlling behavior, and constant name-calling.
Among men 18 to 64 years old, 14.2 percent said they had experienced intimate partner violence in the past five years, _________ (57) 6.1 percent reported domestic violence in the previous year.
Rates were lower for men 55 and older, with 5.3 percent _________ (58) violence in the past five years and 2.4 percent having experienced it in the past 12 months.
_________ (59), 30.5 percent of men younger than 55 and 26.5 percent of older men said they had been_________ (60) of domestic violence at some point in their lives. About half of the_________ (61) the men experienced was physical.
However, the physical violence men reported wasnt as harsh as that _________ (62) by women in a previous study; 20 percent to 40 percent of the men rated _________ (63) as severe, compared with 61 percent of women.
Men who reported experiencing domestic violence had more emotional and mental health_________ (64) than those who had not, _________ (65) older men, the researchers found.
51. A. at B. by C. for D. to
52. A. threaten B. fear C. use D. experience
53. A. answer B. speak C. talk D. tell
54. A. who B. when C. that D. what
55. A. participants B. observers C. listeners D. actors
56. A. news B. threats C. voices D. friends
57. A. since B. because C. as D. while
58. A. giving B. realizing C. understanding D. reporting
59. A. Yet B. Thus C. Overall D. Besides
60. A. victims B. makers C. writers D. factors
61. A. form B. way C. violence D. study
62. A. performed B. enjoyed C. committed D. suffered
63. A. this B. them C. those D. it
64. A. problems B. activities C. results D. arguments
65. A. especially B. specially C. naturally D. roughly
參考答案：DDDCA BDDCA CDDAA
職稱英語衛(wèi)生類C級(jí)真題及答案 2
Screen Test
1. Every year millions of women are screened with X-rays to pick up signs of breast cancer. If this happens early enough, the disease can often be treated successfully. According to a, survey published last year, 21 countries have screening programmes. Nine of them, including Australia, Canada, the US and Spain, screen women under 50.
2. But the medical benefits of screening these younger women are controversial, partly because the radiation brings a small risk of inducing cancer. Also, younger women must be given higher doses of X-rays because their breast tissue is denser.
3. Researchers at the Polytechnic University1 of Valencia analysed the effect of screening more than 160, 000 women at 11 local clinics. After estimating the women’s cumulative dose of radiation, they used two models to calculate the number of extra cancers this would cause.
4. The mathematical model recommended by Britain’s National Radiological Protection Board (NRPB)predicted that the screening programme would cause 36 cancers per 100,000 women, 18 of them fatal. The model preferred by the UN Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation led to a lower figure of 20 cancers.
5. The researchers argue that the level of radiation-induced cancers is “not very significant” compared to the far larger number of cancers that are discovered and treated. The Valencia programme, they say, detects between 300 and 450 cases of breast cancer in every 100,000 women screened.
6. But they point out that the risk of women contracting cancer from radiation could be reduced by between 40 and 80 percent if screening began at 50 instead of 45, because they would be exposed to less radiation. The results of their study, they suggest, could help “optimise the technique” for breast cancer screening.
7. “There is a trade-off between the diagnostic benefits of breast screening and its risks,” admits Michael Clark of the NRPB. But he warns that the study should be interpreted with caution. “On the basis of the current data, for every 10 cancers successfully detected and prevented there is a risk of causing one later in life. That’s why radiation exposure should be minimised in any screening programme.”
練習(xí)：
1.Paragraph 2 ________________
2.Paragraph 3 ________________
3.Paragraph 4 ________________
4.Paragraph 5 ________________
A Harm Screening May Do to a Younger Woman
B Investigating the Effect of Screening
C Effects Predicted by Two Different Models
D Small Risk of Inducing Cancers from Radiation
E Treatment of Cancers
F Factors That Trigger Cancers
5.Early discovery of breast cancer may________________.
6.Advantages of screening women under 50 are________________.
7.Delaying the age at which screening starts may________________.
8.Radiation exposure should be ________________.
A be costly
B harmful
C save a life
D still open to debate
E reduce the risk of radiation triggering a cancer
F reduced to the minimum
答案與題解：
1.A A說的是:用X射線檢查可能對(duì)年輕女人不好。下面是第二段講的意思:但是,用X射線檢查年輕女人,就醫(yī)學(xué)上的好處而論,是有爭議的,部分原因是輻射有誘發(fā)癌癥的小小的危險(xiǎn)。另外,年輕女人乳房組織緊密,給予的X射線的劑量要多一些。
2.B B說的是:調(diào)查用X射線檢查的結(jié)果。第三段的第一句話是這么說的:Valencia理工大學(xué)的研究人員分析了11個(gè)社區(qū)診所用X射線檢查16萬以上女人的結(jié)果。
3.C C說的是:兩種不同的模型預(yù)測的結(jié)果。第四段講的是,兩種不同的數(shù)學(xué)模型在預(yù)測用X射線檢査女人誘發(fā)癌癥的結(jié)果是不一樣的。C概括了這段話。
4.D D說的是:輻射誘發(fā)癌癥的`危險(xiǎn)是很小的。第五段的第一句話是這么說的:The researchers argue that the level of radiation-induced cancers is “not very significant” compared to the far larger number of cancers that are discovered and treated.研究人員爭辯說,與發(fā)現(xiàn)后接受治療的癌癥數(shù)字相比,由輻射誘發(fā)癌癥的數(shù)字是很小的。
5.C C與題干生成:Early discovery of breast cancer may save a life.乳腺癌發(fā)現(xiàn)得早也許能挽救生命。答案可以從第一段中找到。
6.D D 與題干生成:Advantages of screening women under 50 are still open to debate.對(duì)50歲以下的女人用X射線檢查的好處仍然是有爭議的。第二段的第一個(gè)句子是這么說的:But the medical benefits of screening these younger women are controversial... 但是,用X射線檢查年輕女人,就醫(yī)學(xué)上的好處而論,是有爭議的……這兩個(gè)句子用詞有些差別,基本意思是相同的。
7.E E與題干生成:Delaying the age at which screening starts may reduce the risk of– radiation triggering a cancer.延緩用X射線檢查的年齡也許能減少輻射誘發(fā)癌癥的危險(xiǎn)。答案在第六段。
8.F F與題干生成:Radiation exposure should be reduced to the minimum.應(yīng)把接受福射降低到最小的程度。答案在文章的最后一句。
職稱英語衛(wèi)生類C級(jí)真題及答案 3
Old Man Myths and Realities
1 When does a middle-aged mall become an old man? Officially,of course.it’t when we reach retirement age.But，as we all know, this is a fairly blunt(生硬的)method of decision making.As life expectancy(預(yù)期壽命)increases，retirement planning needs to be changed.This is because being an old mail today is very different from what it was a generation or so ago.
2 Sixty—five is the new middle-aged man.These days people are talking about the young—old，that is ages 70-75.and those over 75 as the old-old.The young-old frequently continue in good health and maintain strong links with fiends and family, The old-old have a much higher chance of poor health and social isolation.
3 Although men are living longer, there are still more old women than old men.This fact alone should arouse interest as to why.Relatively little is actually known about why this is the case or about the experiences of the old man.Sure, we are aware that the old man experiences anxiety，financial problems，loneliness，etc.but that’t really about all we know.
4 It is usually believed that the old man often complains about their health.In fact，most old man think their health is good even though most are diagnosed with at least one chronic illness.The physical health of the old man is strongly affected by their health behavior when they were younger.
23 Paragraph 1_____
24 Paragraph 2_____
25 Paragraph 3_____
26 Paragraph 4_____
A New Definitions of the Old Man
B Changing Concept of the Old Man
C Health of the old Man
D Happy Old Man And Sad Old Man
E Limited Knowledge of the OId Mall’s Experiences
F Contempt for the Old Man
27 Nowadays men generally live longer than_____
28 A man in his mid-60s is now regarded as_____
29 More research should be done on the experiences of_____
30 Most old men consider themselves to be_____
A in good health
B in the past
C in the wrong
D the old man
E a middle-aged man
F a young man
答 案:
23 B 文章第一段主要講的是，隨著預(yù)期壽命的增加，“老年男人”的概念與以往相比已經(jīng)發(fā)生了很大的變化。
24 A 文章第二段主要講是對(duì)“老年男人”的概念重新進(jìn)行了界定。
25 E 文章第三段主要講的是，盡管男人的壽命較之過去延長了，而且我們也知曉老年男人會(huì)面臨焦慮、孤獨(dú)以及經(jīng)濟(jì)等問題，但相對(duì)而言，我們對(duì)老年男人的體驗(yàn)還是知之甚少的。
26 C 文章第四段主要講老年男人的健康問題。
27 B 從文章的頭兩段可以得知，現(xiàn)在男人通常比過去更長壽。
28 E 文章第二段的頭一句講到，現(xiàn)如今男人65歲仍被視為中年人。
29 D 文章第三段講人們對(duì)老年男人的'體驗(yàn)仍知之甚少，因此可以說這方面的研究還有待加強(qiáng)。
30 A 文章第四段中的第二句說，盡管大多數(shù)男人至少患有一種慢性病，但多數(shù)仍舊認(rèn)為自己的健康狀況良好。
職稱英語衛(wèi)生類C級(jí)真題及答案 4
Why Does Food Cost So Much
In 1959 the average American family paid $989 for a year’s supply of food. In 1972 the family paid $1,311. That was a price increase of nearly one-third. Every family has had this sort of experience. Everyone agrees that the cost of feeding a family has risen sharply. But there is less agreement when reasons for the rise are being discussed. Who is really responsible?
Many blame the farmers who produce the vegetables, fruit, meat, eggs, and cheese that stores offer for sale. According to the U.S. Department of Agriculture, the farmer’s share of the $1,311 spent by the family in 1972 was $521. This was 31 per cent more than the farmer had received in 1959.
But farmers claim that this increase was very small compared to the increase in their cost of living. Farmers tend to blame others for the sharp rise in food prices. They particularly blame those who process the farm products after the products leave the farm. These include truck drivers, meat packers, manufacturers of packages and other food containers, and the owners of stores where food is sold. They are among the “middlemen” who stand between the farmer and the people who buy and eat the food. Are middlemen the ones to blame for rising food prices?
Of the $1,311 family food bill in 1972, middlemen received $790, which was 33 per cent more than they had received in 1959. It appears that the middlemen’s profit has increased more than farmer’s. But some economists claim that the middleman’s actual profit was very low. According to economists at the First National City Bank, the profit for meat packers and food stores amounted to less than one per cent. During the same period all others manufacturers were making a profit of more than 5 per cent. By comparison with other members of the economic system both farmers and middlemen have profited surprisingly little from the rise in food prices.
Who then is actually responsible for the size of the bill a housewife must pay before she carries the food home from the store? The economists at First National City Bank have an answer to give housewives, but many people will not like it. These economists blame the housewife herself for the jump in food prices. They say that food costs more now because women don’t want to spend much time in the kitchen. Women prefer to buy food which has already been prepared before it reaches the market.
Vegetables and chicken cost more when they have been cut into pieces by someone other than the one who buys it. A family should expect to pay more when several “TV dinners” are taken home from the store. These are fully cooked meals, consisting of meat, vegetables, and sometimes desert, all arranged on a metal dish. The dish is put into the oven and heated while the housewife is doing something else. Such a convenience costs money. Thus, as economists point out: “Some of the basic reasons for widening food price spreads are easily traceable to the increasing use of convenience foods, which transfer much of the time and work of meal preparation from the kitchen to the food processor’s plant.”
Economists remind us that many modern housewives have jobs outside the home. They earn money that helps to pay the family food bills. The housewife naturally has less time and energy for cooking after a day’s work. She wants to buy many kinds of food that can be put on her family’s table easily and quickly. “If the housewife wants all of these,” the economists say, “that is her privilege, but she must be prepared to pay for the services of those who make her work easier.”
It appears that the answer to the question of rising prices is not a simple one. Producers, consumers, and middlemen all share the responsibility for the sharp rise in food costs.
練習(xí)：
1. Paragraph 3_________________
2. Paragraph 4_________________
3. Paragraph 5_________________
4. Paragraph 6_________________
A The Cost of Convenience
B A Surprising Answer Given by the Economists
C The Effect of Inflation D Middlemen’s Limited Share in the Additional Profit
E Farmers’ Denial of Increased Profit
F Housewives’ Need to Find Jobs
5.Many people agree that food prices have increased sharply but they have failed _____
6.The farmers have not been benefited very much__________.
7.Housewives have to pay for the time they save_____________.
8.The economists have come to the conclusion that the cause of increased food prices lies in ____________.
A Nor have the middlemen
B to increase the prices for food
C that they cannot agree on the causes of the increase in prices to agree on the reasons for the increase
E by buying prepared food
F the popularization of convenience food
答案：E D B A D A E F
職稱英語衛(wèi)生類C級(jí)真題及答案 5
Friendly Relations with the People Around
1 You depend on all the people closely around to give you the warm feeling of belongingness (歸屬) that you must have to feel secure. But, in fact, the members of all the groups to which you belong also depend on you to give that feeling to them. A person
who shows that he wants everything for himself is bound (一定的) to be a lonely wolf.
2 The need for companionship is closely related to the need for a sense of belongingness. How sad and lonely your life would be if you had no one to share your feelings and experiences. You may take it for granted that there always will be people
around to talk to and to do things with you and for you. The important point, however, is that keeping emotionally healthy does not depend so much upon having people around you as upon your ability to establish relationships that are satisfying both to you and to them.
3 Suppose you are in a crowd watching a football game. You don’t know them. When the game is over, you will all go your separate ways. But just for a while you had a feeling
of companionship, of sharing the feelings of others who were cheering for the team you wanted to win.
4 An experience of this kind gives the clue (線索) to what companionship really is. It depends upon emotional ties of sympathy, understanding, trust, and affection. Companions become friends when ihese ties are formed.
5 When you are thrown in a new circle of acquaintances (熟人), you may not know with whom you will make friends, but you can be sure that you will be able to establish friendships if you show that you really like people.
1. Paragraph 2 .
2. Paragraph 3 .
3. Paragraph 4 .
4. Paragraph 5 .
A Making friends with new acquaintances
B Close link between companionship and belongingness
C How to satisfy other people’s need
DAn example of a satisfying relationship
E Difficulties in establishing friendships
F What companionship really is
5. If you had no one to share your feelings, your life would be______________.
6. The warm feeling of belongingness may give you______________.
7. The ability to establish fine relations with others will keep you______________.
8. You will find it hard to make friends with people______________.
A without pity
B sad and lonely
C emotionally healthy
D without real love for them /
E a sense of security
F a lonely wolf
答案
1. B 2. D 3. F 4. A
5. B 6. E 7. C 8. D
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