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公共英語一級閱讀理備考試題（附答案）
備考試題一：
【The only way to travel is on foot】
The past ages of man have all been carefully labeled by anthropologists. Descriptions like ‘ Palaeolithic Man’, ‘Neolithic Man’, etc., neatly sum up whole periods. When the time comes for anthropologists to turn their attention to the twentieth century, they will surely choose the label ‘Legless Man’. Histories of the time will go something like this: ‘in the twentieth century, people forgot how to use their legs. Men and women moved about in cars, buses and trains from a very early age. There were lifts and escalators in all large buildings to prevent people from walking. This situation was forced upon earth dwellers of that time because of miles each day. But the surprising thing is that they didn’t use their legs even when they went on holiday. They built cable railways, ski-lifts and roads to the top of every huge mountain. All the beauty spots on earth were marred by the presence of large car parks.
The future history books might also record that we were deprived of the use of our eyes. In our hurry to get from one place to another, we failed to see anything on the way. Air travel gives you a bird’s-eye view of the world - or even less if the wing of the aircraft happens to get in your way. When you travel by car or train a blurred image of the countryside constantly smears the windows. Car drivers, in particular, are forever obsessed with the urge to go on and on: they never want to stop. Is it the lure of the great motorways, or what? And as for sea travel, it hardly deserves mention. It is perfectly summed up in the words of the old song: ‘I joined the navy to see the world, and what did I see? I saw the sea.’ The typical twentieth-century traveler is the man who always says ‘I’ve been there. ’ You mention the remotest, most evocative place-names in the world like El Dorado, Kabul, Irkutsk and someone is bound to say ‘I’ve been there’ - meaning, ‘I drove through it at 100 miles an hour on the way to somewhere else. ’
When you travel at high speeds, the present means nothing: you live mainly in the future because you spend most of your time looking forward to arriving at some other place. But actual arrival, when it is achieved, is meaningless. You want to move on again. By traveling like this, you suspend all experience; the present ceases to be a reality: you might just as well be dead. The traveler on foot, on the other hand, lives constantly in the present. For him traveling and arriving are one and the same thing: he arrives somewhere with every step he makes. He experiences the present moment with his eyes, his ears and the whole of his body. At the end of his journey he feels a delicious physical weariness. He knows that sound. Satisfying sleep will be his: the just reward of all true travellers.
1、Anthorpologists label nowaday’s men ‘Legless’ because
A people forget how to use his legs.
B people prefer cars, buses and trains.
C lifts and escalators prevent people from walking.
D there are a lot of transportation devices.
2、Travelling at high speed means
A people’s focus on the future.
B a pleasure.
C satisfying drivers’ great thrill.
D a necessity of life.
3、Why does the author say ‘we are deprived of the use of our eyes’ ?
A People won’t use their eyes.
B In traveling at high speed, eyes become useless.
C People can’t see anything on his way of travel.
D People want to sleep during travelling.
4、What is the purpose of the author in writing this passage?
A Legs become weaker.
B Modern means of transportation make the world a small place.
C There is no need to use eyes.
D The best way to travel is on foot.
5. What does ‘a(chǎn) bird’s-eye view’ mean?
A See view with bird’s eyes.
B A bird looks at a beautiful view.
C It is a general view from a high position looking down.
D A scenic place.
VOCABULARY
1.Palaeolithic 舊石器時代的
2.Neolithic 新石器時代的
3.escalator 自動電梯，自動扶梯
4.ski-lift 載送滑雪者上坡的裝置
5.mar 損壞，毀壞
6.blur 模糊不清，朦朧
7.smear 涂，弄臟，弄模糊(尤指畫面、輪廓等)
8.evocative 引起回憶的，喚起感情的
9.El Dorado (由當(dāng)時西班牙征服者想象中的南美洲)黃金國，寶山，富庶之鄉(xiāng)
10.Kabul 喀布爾(阿富汗首都)
11.Irkutsk 伊爾庫茨克(原蘇聯(lián)亞洲城市)
難句譯注與答案詳解
The only way to travel is on foot 旅游的唯一方法是走路
難句譯注
1. Air travel gives you a bird’s-eye view of the world – or even if the wing of the aircraft happens to get in your way.
【參考譯文】飛機(jī)旅行，你只可俯視世界――如果機(jī)翼碰巧擋住了你的視線，就看得更少了。
2.When you travel by car or train a blurred image of the country-side constantly smears the windows.
【參考譯文】如果乘車或火車旅行，郊外模糊朦朧的景象不斷地掠過窗口。
寫作方法與文章大意
文章以因果寫作方法，寫出了由于種種現(xiàn)代化交通設(shè)施、人們不需用腳走路，甚至也不需要用眼看景，出門就坐汽車、公交車、地鐵、飛機(jī)……，車、機(jī)速度飛快，外邊的景物難以看清，最終導(dǎo)致人們忘記用腳、用眼成為“無腳之人”。一切都經(jīng)歷不到。作者建議最佳的旅游方法是徒步――經(jīng)歷現(xiàn)實(shí)。
答案詳解
1.A 人們忘了用腳。答案在第一段：人類學(xué)家把以往年代的人們分別標(biāo)上舊石器時代、新石器時代人，等等。干脆利落地總結(jié)了一個時期。當(dāng)他們轉(zhuǎn)向20世紀(jì)，他們肯定會標(biāo)上“無腳的人”。因?yàn)樵?0世紀(jì)，人們忘了如何用腳走路。男人女人早年外出就坐車、公共汽車、火車。大樓里由電梯、自動扶梯，不需要人們走路。即使度假期間，他們也不用腳。他們筑有纜車道、滑雪載車和路直通山頂。所有的風(fēng)景旅游區(qū)都有大型的汽車停車場。
B．人們喜歡汽車、公交車、火車等。
C．電梯、自動扶梯制止人們走路。
D．有許多交通運(yùn)輸工具。
2.A 人們的注意力在未來。見最后一段第一句話：當(dāng)你高速旅行，現(xiàn)在等于零，你主要生活在未來，因?yàn)槟愦蟛糠謺r間盯在前面到達(dá)的某個地方。真到了，又沒有意義了，你還要再向前進(jìn)。
B．是一種歡樂。
C．滿足司機(jī)強(qiáng)烈的渴望。第二段中提及死機(jī)醉心于開車、不停車但不是快速前進(jìn)著眼于未來。
D．生活的需要。這一條在第一段中提及這種情況是因?yàn)樗麄兡钱惓５纳罘椒◤?qiáng)加給時代的居民。這是指不用腳走路，而用一切代步器――交通運(yùn)輸工具，不是開快車。
3.C 人們在旅行途中什么都見不到。答案在第二段，由一地轉(zhuǎn)向另一地，路上你什么都沒有見到。乘飛機(jī)你只能俯視世界，火車，汽車，只見外界朦朧景象掠過窗子。海上旅游，只見到海�！拔业竭^那里”此話含義就是“我以一小時一百英里在去某某地方時經(jīng)過那里”。正因?yàn)槿绱�，作者指出將來的歷史書上會記錄下：我們被剝奪了眼睛的應(yīng)用。
A．人們不愿用眼睛。
B．在高速旅行中，眼睛沒有用了。
D．旅行中，人們想睡覺。
4.D 旅行的最佳方式是走路。文章第一段、第二段分別講述了旅行可不用腳、不用眼等情況。第三段，在講述了人們只知向前向前，一切經(jīng)歷都停滯，現(xiàn)實(shí)不再是現(xiàn)實(shí)，還不如死的好。而用腳走路的旅行者總是生活再現(xiàn)實(shí)，對他來說旅行和到達(dá)是一回事，他一步一步走到某地，他用眼睛、耳朵，以至整個身體去體驗(yàn)現(xiàn)在時刻、旅行終點(diǎn)，他感到全身舒坦愉悅的疲勞，美美享受滿足的酣睡;一切真正旅行者的真實(shí)報償。這一段就是作者寫文章的目的――走路是旅行的最佳方式。
A．腳變得軟弱無力。
B．現(xiàn)代交通工具把世界變小。
C．沒有必要用眼睛。
5.C 從高出向下看的景致：俯視。
A．用鳥的眼睛看景點(diǎn)。
B．鳥在看美景。
D．風(fēng)景點(diǎn)。
備考試題二：
【preface】
Science is a dominant theme in our culture. Since it touches almost every facet of our life, educated people need at least some acquaintance with its structure and operation. They should also have an understanding of the subculture in which scientists live and the kinds of people they are. An understanding of general characteristics of science as well as specific scientific concepts is easier to attain if one knows something about the things that excite and frustrate the scientist.
This book is written for the intelligent student or lay person whose acquaintance with science is superficial; for the person who has been presented with science as a musty storehouse of dried facts; for the person who sees the chief objective of science as the production of gadgets; and for the person who views the scientists as some sort of magician. The book can be used to supplement a course in any science, to accompany any course that attempts to give an understanding of the modern world, or - independently of any course - simply to provide a better understanding of science. We hope this book will lead readers to a broader perspective on scientific attitudes and a more realistic view of what science is, who scientists are, and what they do. It will give them an awareness and understanding of the relationship between science and our culture and an appreciation of the roles science may play in our culture. In addition, readers may learn to appreciate the relationship between scientific views and some of the values and philosophies that are pervasive in our culture.
We have tried to present in this book an accurate and up-to-date picture of the scientific community and the people who populate it. That population has in recent years come to comprise more and more women. This increasing role of women in the scientific subculture is not an unique incident but, rather, part of the trend evident in all segments of society as more women enter traditionally male-dominated fields and make significant contributions. In discussing these changes and contribution, however, we are faced with a language that is implicitly sexist, one that uses male nouns or pronouns in referring to unspecified individuals. To offset this built-in bias, we have adopted the policy of using plural nouns and pronouns whenever possible and, when absolutely necessary, alternating he and she. This policy is far form being ideal, but it is at least an acknowledgment of the inadequacy of our language in treating half of the human race equally.
We have also tried to make the book entertaining as well as informative. Our approach is usually informal. We feel, as do many other scientists, that we shouldn’t take ourselves too seriously. As the reader may observe, we see science as a delightful pastime rather than as a grim and dreary way to earn a living.
1. According to the passage, ‘scientific subculture’ means
[A]cultural groups that are formed by scientists.
[B]people whose knowledge of science is very limited.
[C]the scientific community.
[D]people who make good contribution to science.
2. We need to know something about the structure and operation of science because
[A]it is not easy to understand the things that excite and frustrate scientists.
[B]Science affects almost every aspect of our life.
[C]Scientists live in a specific subculture.
[D]It is easier to understand general characteristics of science.
3. The book mentioned in this passage is written for readers who
[A]are intelligent college students and lay person who do not know much about science.
[B]are good at producing various gadgets.
[C]work in a storehouse of dried facts.
[D]want to have a superficial understanding of science.
4. According to this passage.
[A]English is a sexist language.
[B]only in the scientific world is the role of women increasing rapidly.
[C]women are making significant contributions to eliminating the inadequacy of our language.
[D]male nouns or pronouns should not be used to refer to scientists.
5. This passage most probably is
[A]a book review.
[B]the preface of a book.
[C]the postscript of a book.
[D]the concluding part of a book.
Vocabulary
1.subculture 亞文化群（指在一個社會或一種文化內(nèi)具有獨(dú)特性的一群人）
2.superficial 膚淺的，淺薄的，表面的
3.lay person 外行，門外漢，俗人
4.musty 發(fā)毒的，老朽的，陳腐的
5.gadget 小玩意兒，小配件，新發(fā)明
6.pervasive 滲透的，彌漫的，遍布的
7.populate 居住于……中，在……中占一席之地
8.implicit 含蓄的，內(nèi)含的
9.unspecified 未特別提出的
10.offset 抵消，補(bǔ)償
寫作方法與文章大意
這是一篇書的序言，作者用夾敘夾議的寫作方法介紹了書的涉及面及其功能。首先提出科學(xué)是我們文化的重大主題，但人們也該了解科學(xué)家生活的亞文化群，只有懂得一些激勵和挫傷科學(xué)家的種種情況，才能理解科學(xué)的一般特征及其特殊概念。第二方面指出書的讀者對象是對科學(xué)一知半解的學(xué)生及門外漢。書可作理工科課程的輔助（補(bǔ)充）讀物，又可獨(dú)立自成體系。它可開闊人們科學(xué)的視野，真正了解科學(xué)、科學(xué)家及其工作，理解科學(xué)和文化的關(guān)系，科學(xué)觀點(diǎn)和哲學(xué)的關(guān)系。第三方面指出亞文化群中婦女增多，貢獻(xiàn)巨大，而我們的語言卻隱含這性別的歧視，難以充分平等地反映婦女。最后指出書信息量大又具娛樂性，寓教于樂。
答案詳解
1. C 科學(xué)社區(qū)。答案在第一段第二句，人們也該了解科學(xué)家生活在其中的亞文化群以及他們是什么樣的人。第三段又講到，有關(guān)科學(xué)社區(qū)的畫面以及婦女對科學(xué)亞文化的貢獻(xiàn)�？梢娍茖W(xué)社區(qū)即亞文化。
A. 科學(xué)家所組成種種文化群體。
B. 科學(xué)知識有限的一些人。
C. 對科學(xué)作出很大貢獻(xiàn)的人。
2.B 因?yàn)榭茖W(xué)幾乎影響到我們生活的各個方面。文章開綜明旨點(diǎn)出：科學(xué)是我們文化中的重要主題，由于它幾乎涉及到我們生活的每一方面，有知識的人至少需要熟悉一些結(jié)構(gòu)和作用。
A. 了解激發(fā)和挫傷科學(xué)家的事情可不太容易。（比較難）
C. 科學(xué)家生活在特定的亞文化群中。
D. 了解科學(xué)的一般特性比較容易。
3.A 不太了解科學(xué)的大學(xué)生或門外漢。第二段首句就點(diǎn)出了這本書為對科學(xué)一知半解的大學(xué)生和門外漢所寫，為某些人，一直把科學(xué)看作干巴巴的事實(shí)堆砌的發(fā)霉的石屋的人；為那種把科學(xué)的主要目的視為生產(chǎn)小配件的人；為那些把科學(xué)視為某種魔術(shù)的人而寫。這說明主要為A項(xiàng)人所寫，對科學(xué)了解不多的大學(xué)生和普通人。
B. 善于生產(chǎn)各種小配件。
C. 在干巴巴的事實(shí)堆砌的石屋中工作。
D. 相對科學(xué)有膚淺了解的人。
4.D 不應(yīng)當(dāng)用陽性的名詞和代詞去指科學(xué)家。第三段集中講了這本書提供精確而又現(xiàn)代的有關(guān)科學(xué)社區(qū)（社會）和居住在其中的人的畫卷。近年來，越來越多的婦女包括進(jìn)來，原因是許多婦女進(jìn)入傳統(tǒng)上為男人統(tǒng)治的領(lǐng)域，并作出巨大貢獻(xiàn)，所以婦女在科學(xué)亞文化群中的增多并不是罕見的偶然事件，而是社會各部門明顯趨勢的組成部分。在討論其變化和貢獻(xiàn)時，我們面臨著隱含性別歧視的語言――用陽性名詞和代詞來指未指定人物，為了消除這種偏頗，我們在可能和必要時采用了復(fù)數(shù)名詞和代詞來取代他或她。
A. 英語是一種性別語言。
B. 只有在科學(xué)領(lǐng)域中，婦女的作用增長很快。
C. 婦女在曉民我們語言中的不適當(dāng)性作出了巨大的貢獻(xiàn)。根據(jù)此題注釋說明這三項(xiàng)都不對。英語不能說成是有性別的語言，其中雖有些詞性表示男性或女性。文內(nèi)明確指科學(xué)界婦女增多是整個社會的趨勢的組成部分。由于婦女在科學(xué)界的貢獻(xiàn)，所以不能再用陽性名詞或代詞去指科學(xué)界，并不是在消滅語言……
5.B 書的前言，見文章大意。
A. 書的評論。
C. 書跋、書的附錄。
D. 書的結(jié)論部分。
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