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2014年大學英語專四詞匯語法模擬試題1
這期我們要來學習情態(tài)動詞+完成時的用法,當然包括了大家最關(guān)心的虛擬語氣.
1. may和might+ 動詞完成式
此結(jié)構(gòu)用于推測過去的行為。例如:
She said that he might have missed the plane.她說他可能誤了航班。
2. can和could+ 動詞完成式
A. 表示過去能做而沒做的事,有一種對過去未付諸實施的事情的惋惜。例如:
In those circumstances we could have done better.
在那樣的情況下,我們本來可以做得更好的。(但沒有做得更好)
B. 推測過去的某種行動。
Where can /could she have gone? 她可能到哪里去了呢?
The boy can’t have finished reading the book so soon because it is difficult even to an adult.
這孩子不可能那么快就把這本書讀完的,因為即使對一個成人來說,這本書也是相當難的。
Note:
can’t和couldn’t+ 動詞原形可以用來表示否定推斷。例如:
He can’t be over fifty.他不可能超過50歲。
3.must +動詞完成式
表示對過去行為的推斷,具有較大的可能性,意為“一定…,想必…”。例如:
She must have gone through a lot.
她一定吃過很多苦。
Note:
must+動詞原形→對現(xiàn)在的推測,must be+現(xiàn)在分詞→對未來或現(xiàn)在正在進行的推測。例如:
She looks happy; she must be having a good time.
4. needn’t+動詞完成式和didn’t need to do
A. needn’t+動詞完成式表示一種已經(jīng)做過的但并無必要的行為。例如:
You needn’t have watered the flowers, for it is going to rain.
你本來不必澆花的,因為天要下雨了。(但卻澆了)
We needn’t have told him the news because he knew it already.
B. didn’t need (have) to do結(jié)構(gòu)表示沒有必要做某事,實際上也沒有做。例如:
I didn’t need to clean the windows. My sister did it.
我不必擦窗,我妹妹擦了。(我沒有擦)
5. should +動詞完成式
A.此結(jié)構(gòu)的肯定式表示應(yīng)該做的事而沒有做,否定式表示某種行為不該發(fā)生但卻發(fā)生了。例如:
You should have given her more help.
你應(yīng)該多給她一些幫助的。(但沒有給)
B. 表示推測,意為“可能”,但可能性較小。例如:
He should have finished the work by now.
他現(xiàn)在該把工作完成了。(推測)
C. should / would have thought意為“本以為,本認為”。例如:
A: "Can you type?"
B: "Certainly."
A: "Well, I should have thought you wouldn’t."
I should have thought she wouldn’t agree.
我本來認為她不會同意的。
D. should have thought有時意為“認為,以為”,相當于should think,但表示更為委婉、謙遜或不肯定的語氣。例如:
I should have thought it fairly good.
我以為它是很不錯的。
E. should have + 過去分詞用于虛擬語氣:
Had you written him, you should have known the details.
6. ought to + 動詞完成式
此結(jié)構(gòu)表示某種過去應(yīng)該做而沒有做的事,或被忽略未做的某種明智行為。例如:
You ought to have returned the book earlier.(還晚了)
You ought to have refused her at the beginning, but now it is too late.
Note:
這里的ought to也可以用should代替。
Homework:用給出的動詞填空,注意要選用正確的助動詞和時態(tài).
1.The boy____ the book so soon because it is difficult even to an adult. (read)
2.We___him the news because he knew it already. (tell)
3.If we had taken the other road, we ____earlier. (arrive)
4.I _____you might take this into consideration. (think)
5.You ____ her at the beginning, but now it is too late.(refuse)
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