考研英語閱讀理解B型題測(cè)試題
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Directions:
In the following article, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 1-5, choose the most suitable one from the list A—G to fit into each of the numbered blank. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps.
The Revolutionary War, which began officially on April 19, 1775, dragged on for more than six bitter years. It was a conflict fought by the colonials for the righteous cause of securing freedom from intolerable British intervention in American affairs.
1） When legal restrictions were implemented by both the British and the colonists in 1775, nearly all American overseas commerce abruptly ceased. By mid-1775, the colonies faced acute shortages in such military essentials as powder, flints, muskets, and knives. Even salt, shoes, woolens, and linens were in short supply. Late in 1775, Congress authorized limited trade with the West Indies, mainly to procure arms and ammunitions, and trade with other non-British areas was on an unrestricted basis by the spring of 1776.
2） Yet the colonies engaged in international trade despite the blockade. Formal treaties of commerce with France in 1778 and with Holland and Spain shortly thereafter stimulated the flows of overseas trade. Between 1778 and early 1782, American wartime commerce was at its zenith. During those years, France, Holland, Spain, and their possessions all actively traded with the colonies. Even so, the flow of goods in and out of the colonies remained well below prewar levels. Smuggling, privateering, and legal trade with overseas partners only partially offset the drastic trade reductions with Britain. Even the coastal trades were curtailed by a lack of vessels, by blockades, and by wartime freight rates. British occupied ports, such as New York, generated some import activity but little or nothing in the way of exports.
3）In Philadelphia, for instance, nearly 4,000 women were employed to spin materials in their homes for the newly established textile plants. A sharp increase also occurred in the number of artisan workshops with a similar stimulus in the production of beer, whiskey, and other domestic alcoholic beverages. 4）Only the least-commercialized rural areas remained little affected by the serpentine path of war and the sporadic flows of wartime commerce.
Overall, the war imposed a distinct economic hardship on the new nation. Most goods rose in cost and were more difficult to obtain. High prices and severe commercial difficulties encouraged some nvestors to turn from commerce to manufacturing. Then, once the trade lanes reopened with the coming of peace, even those who profited from the war were stung by the tide of imports that swept it to American ports and sharply lowered prices. 5）
�。跘］The rechanneling of American resources into import-competing industries was especially strong along the coast and in the major port cities.
�。跙］As exports and imports fell, import substitution abounded, and the colonial economy became considerably more self-sufficient.
�。跜］ Although many Americans escaped the direct ordeals of war, few Americans were untouched by it — at least indirectly.
�。跠］ Nevertheless, the British maintained a fairly effective naval blockade of American ports, especially during the first two years of the war.
�。跡］ Internally, the most pressing problems were financial.
�。跢］More important was the fact that Congress had no independent income and had to rely for funds on catch-as-catch-can contributions from the states, made roughly in proportion to their individual populations.
�。跥］Maritime commerce was always an important factor in the war effort, and trade linkages were vital to the supply of arms and ammunitions.
答案及詳解
1.G.海上商業(yè)活動(dòng)歷來是戰(zhàn)事中的重要環(huán)節(jié)，而保持貿(mào)易聯(lián)系對(duì)于武器彈-的供應(yīng)至關(guān)重要。第一段介紹了美國(guó)獨(dú)立戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)及意義。第二段說明獨(dú)立戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的深刻根源。后面提到海外貿(mào)易的中止；火藥、手x、槍-及刀具比基本軍需品的嚴(yán)重短缺�？芍谝痪鋺�(yīng)是對(duì)這兩項(xiàng)的總體概述。所以應(yīng)選G.
2.D.然而，英國(guó)對(duì)美國(guó)港口實(shí)施了相當(dāng)有效的海上封鎖，尤其在獨(dú)立戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的最初兩年，由下文：盡管封鎖嚴(yán)密，各殖民地仍然開展著對(duì)外貿(mào)易，可知選D.
3.B.由于貿(mào)易活動(dòng)的減少，進(jìn)口替代品的生產(chǎn)興旺起來，殖民地的經(jīng)濟(jì)因而更加自給自足。下文：例如在費(fèi)城，新建的紡織廠雇用了近4000名婦女在家里紡織布料。工匠作坊也大量涌現(xiàn)，刺激了啤酒、威士忌及其它國(guó)產(chǎn)酒類的釀造。此段所舉的例子都是為說明殖民地的經(jīng)濟(jì)因而更加自給自足。
4.A.美國(guó)的生產(chǎn)資源流動(dòng)與進(jìn)口貨對(duì)抗的行業(yè)，這一趨勢(shì)在沿海地區(qū)及港口大城市尤為強(qiáng)勁，免受戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)炮火硝煙與戰(zhàn)時(shí)貿(mào)易封鎖影響的只有那些遠(yuǎn)離商業(yè)活動(dòng)的鄉(xiāng)村地區(qū)。前面的“沿海地區(qū)及港口大城市”與后文“鄉(xiāng)村地區(qū)”形成對(duì)比。
5.C.雖然許多美國(guó)人逃脫了戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的直接厄運(yùn)，但沒有誰躲過戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的'間接沖擊。前文講“總的來說，戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)帶給這個(gè)新興的國(guó)家的是顯而易見的經(jīng)濟(jì)困苦。大多數(shù)商品價(jià)格上漲，且供應(yīng)緊張。昂貴的價(jià)格與貿(mào)易的極度艱難促使一些投資者從商業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)向制造業(yè)。之后，隨著戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的結(jié)束，貿(mào)易通道重新開放，即使那些在戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中賺了一筆的人都為潮水般地涌入美國(guó)港口并引起行情驟降的進(jìn)口商品而痛心疾首�！边x項(xiàng)E為干擾項(xiàng)。
中心思想
英國(guó)獨(dú)立戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)對(duì)于北美殖民地反對(duì)英國(guó)暴政、追求獨(dú)立自主的正義事業(yè)意義深遠(yuǎn)。但是，如同其他戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)一樣，所付出的代價(jià)是沉重的。除了人員傷亡造成的巨大損失，軍需供應(yīng)擾亂了殖民地的經(jīng)濟(jì)秩序。此外，英國(guó)的貿(mào)易封鎖造成物資匱乏，國(guó)內(nèi)財(cái)政赤字引發(fā)惡性通貨膨脹。盡管生活困窘，殖民地人群情激昂，又戰(zhàn)斗又生產(chǎn)，帶動(dòng)了美國(guó)制造業(yè)的興旺。
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