2018考研英語完型填空復習題

　　復習題一：

　　There is growing interest in East Japan Railway Co. ltd，one of the six companies，created out of the privatized nationa__l__ railway system. In an industry lacking exciting growth1，its plan to use real-estate assets in and around train stations__2__is drawing interest.

　　In a plan called“Station Renaissance”that it__3__in November，JR East said that it would__4__using its commercial spaces for shops and restaurants，extending them to__5__more suitable for the information age. It wants train stations as pick-up__6__for such goods as books，flowers and groceries__7__over the Internet. In a country where city__8__depend heavily on trains__9__commuting，about 16 million people a day go to its train stations anyway，the company __10__. So，picking up commodities at train stations__11__consumers extra travel and missed home deliveries. JR East already has been using its station__12__stores for this purpose，but it plans to create__13__spaces for the delivery of Internet goods.

　　The company also plans to introduce __14__cards—known in Japan as IC cards because they use integrated circuit for__15__information__16__ train tickets and commuter passes__17__the magnetic ones used today，integrating them into a/an __18__pass. This will save the company money，because__19__for IC cards are much less expensive than magnetic systems. Increased use of IC cards should also__20__the space needed for ticket vending.

　　1.[A] perspectives [B] outlooks [C] prospects [D] spectacles

　　2.[A] creatively [B] originally [C] authentically [D] initially

　　3.[A] displayed [B] demonstrated [C] embarked [D] unveiled

　　4.[A] go beyond [B] set out [C] come around [D] spread over

　　5.[A] applications [B] enterprises [C] functions [D]performances

　　6.[A] districts [B] vicinities [C] resorts [D] locations

　　7.[A] acquired [B] purchased [C] presided [D] attained

　　8.[A] lodgers [B] tenants [C] dwellers [D] boarders

　　9.[A] for [B] in [C] of [D] as

　　10.[A] figures [B] exhibits [C] convinces [D] speculates

　　11.[A] deprives [B] retrieves [C] spares [D] exempts

　　12.[A] conjunction [B] convenience [C] department [D] ornament

　　13.[A] delegated [B] designated [C] devoted [D] dedicated

　　14.[A] clever [B] smart [C] ingenious [D] intelligent

　　15.[A] checking [B] gathering [C] holding [D] accommodating

　　16.[A] as [B] for [C] with [D] of

　　17.[A] but for [B] as well as [C] instead of [D] more than

　　18.[A] unique [B] single [C] unitary [D] only

　　19.[A] devices [B] instruments [C] readers [D] examiners

　　20.[A] reduce [B] narrow [C] dwarf [D] shrink

　　復習題二：

　　A recent parliamentary report blames the government and the food industry for the growth in obesity. The Department of Transport is blamed for not doing enough to__1__facilities for pedestrians and cyclists while__2__ to pressure from motoring organizations representing car users. The Ministry of Education is__3__of selling off school playing fields and not doing enough to__4__adequate facilities for physical education and games. Young people in Britain have become crazy about football(soccer and rugby)，but too often as__5__“couch potatoes”。

　　The food industry is blamed for promoting junk food to school children and not doing enough to__6__down on sugar，fats and salt in prepared foods. The industry，__7__by the current popularity of the Atkins low-carbohydrate diet，has begun to __8__，but it is trying to protect a huge market and will need to do__9__more if it is to__10__off increased regulation.

　　Japan seems less__11__so far by the problem of obesity，__12__ as the Japanese diet becomes increasingly__13__(burgers and doughnuts)the problem will grow. __14__，Japanese cuisine has become highly popular in Britain. It is seen as healthy in a different way from the Mediterranean diet__15__its emphasis on tomatoes and olive oil combined with red wine.

　　A fairly small amount of red wine is now__16__as beneficial to the heart，__17__its other encouraging properties. But Britain has to do more to__18__the problems of alcoholism__19__with the binge-drinking culture—including violence and vandalism. Limited consumption of alcohol，as long as it is not__20__with driving，is harmless and possibly beneficial.

　　1. [A] stimulate [B] commend [C] promote [D] elevate

　　2. [A] submitting [B] subjecting [C] subordinating [D] surrendering

　　3. [A] charged [B] denounced [C] scolded [D] accused

　　4. [A] assure [B] ensure [C] secure [D] guard

　　5. [A] speculating [B] spectating [C] specializing [D] sightseeing

　　6. [A] fall [B] get [C] cut [D] bring

　　7. [A] stung [B] bitten [C] chewed [D] licked

　　8. [A] retort [B] refute [C] respond [D] resolve

　　9. [A] abundantly [B] considerably [C] extensively [D] principally

　　10. [A] defend [B] beat [C] hold [D] ward

　　11. [A] upset [B] affected [C] effected [D] impressed

　　12. [A] or [B] for [C] but [D] if

　　13. [A] popularized [B] globalized [C] westernized [D] localized

　　14. [A] Accordingly[B] Interestingly [C] Surprisingly [D] Strikingly

　　15. [A] as [B] on [C] but [D] with

　　16. [A] accepted [B] approved [C] assumed [D] acknowledged

　　17. [A] but for [B] let alone [C] regardless of [D] much less

　　18. [A] cope [B] challenge [C] tackle [D] undertake

　　19. [A] matched [B] related [C] united [D] associated

　　20. [A] bonded [B] combined [C] merged [D] incorporated

　　答案

　　1.C 2.A 3.D 4.B 5.B 6.C 7.A 8.C 9.B 10.D

　　11.B 12.C 13.C 14.B 15.D 16.A 17. B 18.C 19.D 20.B

　　總體分析

　　本文主要介紹了英國飲食存在的問題。第一至二段指出，英國政府和食品工業(yè)被指責導致肥胖患者的增多。第三段指出，一方面日本飲食因日益西化，肥胖問題變得嚴重;另一方面，日本飲食在英國很流行，被視為健康飲食。第四段指出適度飲酒對身體有益，但英國要應付的是與過度引酒相關(guān)的問題。

　　全文翻譯

　　一份最近的議會報告指責政府和食品工業(yè)導致肥胖患者增多。交通部門被指責在促進步行和騎車設施的發(fā)展方面做得不夠，而且屈從于代表汽車使用者的機動車組織的壓力。教育部被指責出賣學校的操場，在保證提供用于體育教學和游戲的充足設施方面做得不夠。英國的年輕人為足球和橄欖球而瘋狂，但更多的只是坐在家里看電視的“沙發(fā)土豆”。

　　食品工業(yè)被指控向?qū)W生兜售垃圾食品，在減少熟食中糖、脂肪和鹽含量方面做得不夠。受到目前艾特金斯低碳水化合物飲食潮流的刺激，食品工業(yè)已經(jīng)有所反應，但是它要努力保護一個龐大的市場，而且如果要避開日益增多的規(guī)定，它需要做的事情還很多。

　　迄今為止，日本看上去受肥胖問題的影響較小，但是隨著日本人食譜的日益西化(夾餅和油炸圈餅)，問題會變得嚴重。有趣的是，日式烹飪在英國很流行。它被看作是有別于地中海飲食的另一種健康飲食，后者著重于西紅柿和橄欖油以及與之相結(jié)合的紅酒。

　　復習題三：

　　Aging poses a serious challenge to OECD(Organization of Economic Co-operation and Development)countries，in particular，how to pay for future public pension liabilities. And early retirement places an__1__burden on pension financing. There is no easy solution，but__2__retirement could help.

　　Early retirement may seem like a worthy individual goal，but it is a socially__3__one，and makes the present public pension system difficult to sustain for long. The__4__reason is that more people are retiring early and living longer. That means more retirees depending on the__5__of those in work for their income. The__6__is worrying. In the next 50 years，low fertility rates and__7__life expectancy in OECD countries will cause this old-age dependency rate to roughly double__8__size. Public pension payments，which afford 30-80% of total retirement incomes in OECD countries，are__9__to rise，on average，by over three percentage points in GDP and by as much as eight percentage points in some countries.__10__is the pressure on pension funds that there is a danger of today‘s workers not getting the pensions they expected or felt they__11__for.

　　Action is needed，__12__simply aiming to reduce the__13__(and cost)of public pensions，or trying to__14__the role of privately funded pensions within the system，though necessary steps，may be__15__to deal with the dependency challenge. After years of__16__early retirement schemes to avoid__17__and higher unemployment，many governments are now looking__18__persuading people to stay in work until they are older. Surely，the thinking goes，if we are healthier now and jobs are physically less__19__and unemployment is down，then perhaps the__20__rate should rise anew.

　　1.[A] unsolvable [B] additional [C] unsustainable [D] undue

　　2.[A] delaying [B] retaining [C] detaining [D] hindering

　　3.[A] ultimate [B] unattainable [C] specific [D] expensive

　　4.[A] substantial [B] essential [C] potential [D] controversial

　　5.[A] donating [B] sponsoring [C] subsidizing [D] funding

　　6.[A] outlook [B] outcome [C] outbreak [D] outset

　　7.[A] prolonging [B] expanding [C] soaring [D] rising

　　8.[A] in [B] on [C] by [D] for

　　9.[A] conceived [B] reckoned [C] expected [D] meant

　　10.[A] As [B] Such [C] So [D] It

　　11.[A] should pay [B] paying [C] be paid [D] would pay

　　12.[A] but [B] for [C] and [D] thus

　　13.[A] multitude [B] implementation [C] application [D] generosity

　　14.[A] exaggerate [B] augment [C] magnify [D] multiply

　　15.[A] insufficient [B] influential [C] inefficient [D] intrinsic

　　16.[A] advancing [B] previous [C] ahead [D] preceding

　　17.[A] suspensions [B] abundances [C] redundancies [D] discrepancies

　　18.[A] for [B] to [C] about [D] at

　　19.[A] turbulent [B] strenuous [C] compact [D] intricate

　　20.[A] dependency [B] fertility [C] present [D] mortality

　　1.C 2.A 3.D 4.B 5.D 6.A 7.D 8.A 9.C 10.B

　　11.C 12.A 13.D 14.B 15.A 16.A 17.C 18.D 19.B 20.C

　　總體分析

　　本文主要討論了老齡化給經(jīng)合組織國家現(xiàn)存養(yǎng)老體系帶來的挑戰(zhàn)。文章第一段指出老齡化給經(jīng)合組織國家?guī)�來的挑�?zhàn)，并提出推遲退休可能對解決該問題有所幫助。第二段分析了早退休給養(yǎng)老體系帶來的問題，即越來越多的人早退休而壽命延長，隨著出生率的降低，就會有更多退休的人依靠更少工作的人來為他們養(yǎng)老，養(yǎng)老金在國家財政中所占的比例增加，成為無法承受的`負擔。第三段探討了解決方法，指出僅僅減少公共養(yǎng)老金的數(shù)量，增加私有養(yǎng)老的比例是不夠的，許多政府在考慮說服人們晚退休。

　　全文翻譯

　　老齡化給經(jīng)合組織國家，尤其是在如何支付未來的公共養(yǎng)老金負債方面，帶來了嚴重的挑戰(zhàn)。早退休給退休金的融資帶來了難以承受的負擔。沒有什么簡單的解決方案，但推遲退休(年齡)可能有所幫助。

　　早退休可能看起來是個值得追求的個人目標，但對于社會來說卻是昂貴的，它使當前的公共養(yǎng)老金系統(tǒng)難以持久。基本原因是更多的人退休早而壽命卻更長。這意味著更多的退休人員要依賴在職者的資助作為收入。這一前景是令人擔憂的。未來50年，經(jīng)合組織國家的低出生率和預期壽命的增加將使這一老年依賴率提高大約一倍。占經(jīng)合組織國家全部退休收入30%-80%的公共退休金的支出，在國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值中的比例預期將平均增加超過三個百分點，而在有些國家甚至會增加八個百分點。養(yǎng)老基金的壓力如此之大以至于現(xiàn)在的工人有得不到他們預期或認為應該得到的養(yǎng)老金的危險。

　　復習題四：

　　The Treasury could pocket 20 million a year in extra fines once the country‘s speed camera network is expanded. Motoring organizations warned that the __1__could become a poll tax on wheels’，__2__huge number of drivers. There could be many more incidents of vandalism __3__cameras.The warnings came__4__a Daily Mail survey found almost all the 23 police forces in England and Wales were either__5__to expansion plans or considering __6__.

　　Nationwide，the number of speeding tickets is expected to treble，__7__ 90 million a year.__8__the scheme，police keep some of the cash from fines to __9__the costs of fitting and maintaining extra cameras and__10__that existing ones always have film in them. The rest will go to the Treasury. Both Ministers and police insist the scheme is aimed__11__at making roads safer. They point to trials in eight areas which cut collisions by a quarter and deaths and serious injuries by __12__a half.

　　But motoring organizations fear cameras will be sited on relatively safe__13__fast stretches to catch as many drivers as possible. Some forces are also expected to__14__the“threshold”speeds at which cameras are__15__to the absolute legal minimum-15 mph in a 10 mph limit，and 26 mph in a 20 mph zone. This could encourage drivers to stare at their speedometers instead of concentrating on the road，and __16__to more accidents. Sue Nicholson，head of campaigns at the RAC，said，“We don‘t have a problem with speed cameras __17__. But we do have concerns about__18__they are sited. Police risk losing credibility __19__motorists if cameras are seen as revenue-raising __20__safety devices.”

　　1. [A] promotions [B] punishments [C] penalties [D] payments

　　2. [A] isolating [B] separating [C] alienating [D] detaching

　　3. [A] towards [B] against [C] before [D] over

　　4. [A] so [B] once [C] as [D] where

　　5. [A] subjected [B] engaged [C] intended [D] committed

　　6. [A] taking part [B] keeping silence [C] making exception [D] paying respect

　　7. [A] financing [B] profiting [C] funding [D] netting

　　8. [A] From [B] Under [C] On [D] With

　　9. [A] hide [B] cover [C] conceal [D] veil

　　10. [A] pledging [B] assuring [C] confirming [D] ensuring

　　11. [A] essentially [B] strongly [C] wholeheartedly [D] purely

　　12. [A] in all [B] fewer than [C] at most [D] up to

　　13. [A] but [B] whereas [C] though [D] while

　　14. [A] fit [B] put [C] set [D] fix

　　15. [A] levered [B] geared [C] handled [D] triggered

　　16. [A] lead [B] add [C] contribute [D] resort

　　17. [A] any less [B] by itself [C] after all [D] as such

　　18. [A] who [B] when [C] where [D] which

　　19. [A] in [B] with [C] against [D] for

　　20. [A] in spite of [B] far from [C] rather than [D] by means of

　　答案

　　1. C 2. C 3. B 4. C 5. D 6. A 7. D 8. B 9.B 10. D

　　11. D 12.D 13. A 14. C 15. B 16. A 17. D 18. C 19.B 20.C

　　總體分析

　　本文講述了英國車速監(jiān)控攝像體系擴張計劃的內(nèi)容及影響，著重闡述了這一計劃的支持者(警察和財政部門)和反對者(機動車管理機構(gòu))的觀點。

　　全文翻譯

　　一旦擴大車速監(jiān)控攝像體系，這個國家財政部每年就能從罰款中額外增加2000萬收入。機動車管理機構(gòu)警告說這種罰款可能變成對汽車征收的人頭稅，從而疏遠很多駕駛者。也可能出現(xiàn)更多破壞攝像機的事件。警告出現(xiàn)的同時，《每日郵報》的調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)英格蘭和威爾士的23支警力幾乎都有所行動，不是致力于部署監(jiān)控體系的擴張計劃，就是在考慮加入其中。

　　預計(在實施監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)后)全國范圍內(nèi)違章超速行駛的罰單數(shù)量會增加兩倍，罰金數(shù)目一年達9000萬。按照計劃，警察保留一部分罰金用以支付安裝和維修新攝像機的費用，并且保證現(xiàn)有的攝像機中總是裝有膠卷。其余的罰金將上繳財政部。財政部長們和警察都堅持認為該計劃的目的是提高公路的安全性。他們指出八個試點地區(qū)撞車事故減少了四分之一，嚴重傷亡事故減少至一半。

　　但是機動車管理機構(gòu)擔心警察為了多開罰單會把攝像機裝在相對安全但行車速度較快的直行道上，還會為車速監(jiān)控攝像機設置最低合法車速標準，如把正常的每小時10英里限速提高到每小時15英里，每小時20英里限速提高到每小時26英里。這樣做會使司機盯著自己的里程計而不把精力集中到路面上，從而引發(fā)更多的交通事故。英國皇家汽車俱樂部(RAC)活動負責人休。尼科爾森說，“嚴格上說，我們對車速監(jiān)控攝像機并無意見，我們擔憂的是它們被安放的地點。如果把監(jiān)控攝像機視為(政府)聚斂財政收入的手段而不是安全設施，那么警察就可能喪失他們在駕駛者心目中的威信”

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