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2013年考研英語一真題及答案（word版）
Section Ⅰ Use of English
Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)
People are, on the whole, poor at considering background information when making individual decisions. At first glance this might seem like a strength that 1 the ability to make judgments which are unbiased by 2 factors. But Dr. Uri Simonsohn speculated that an inability to consider the big 3 was leading decision-makers to be biased by the daily samples of information they were working with. 4 , he theorised that a judge 5 of appearing too soft 6 crime might be more likely to send someone to prison 7 he had already sentenced five or six other defendants only to probation on that day.
To 8 this idea, he turned to the university-admissions process. In theory, the 9 of an applicant should not depend on the few others 10 randomly for interview during the same day, but Dr Simonsohn suspected the truth was 11 .
He studied the results of 9,323 MBA interviews, 12 by 31 admissions officers. The interviewers had 13 applicants on a scale of one to five. This scale 14 numerous factors into consideration. The scores were 15 used in conjunction with an applicant's score on the Graduate Management Admission Test, or GMAT, a standardised exam which is 16 out of 800 points, to make a decision on whether to accept him or her.
Dr Simonsohn found if the score of the previous candidate in a daily series of interviewees was 0.75 points or more higher than that of the one 17 that, then the score for the next applicant would 18 by an average of 0.075 points. This might sound small, but to 19 the effects of such a decrease a candidate would need 30 more GMAT points than would otherwise have been 20 .
1.[A] grant [B] submits [C] transmits [D] delivers
2.[A] minor [B]objective [C] crucial [D] external
3.[A] issue [B] vision [C] picture [D] moment
4.[A] For example [B] On average [C] In principle[D] Above all
5.[A] fond [B]fearful [C] capable [D] thoughtless
6.[A] in [B] on [C] to [D] for
7.[A] if [B]until [C] though [D] unless
8.[A] promote [B]emphasize [C] share [D] test
9.[A] decision [B] quality [C] status [D] success
10.[A] chosen [B]stupid [C]found [D] identified
11.[A] exceptional [B] defensible [C] replaceable [D] otherwise
12.[A] inspired [B]expressed [C] conducted [D] secured
13.[A] assigned [B]rated [C] matched [D] arranged
14.[A] put [B]got [C]gave [D] took
15.[A]instead [B]then [C] ever [D] rather
16.[A]selected [B]passed [C] marked [D] introduced
17.[A]before [B] after [C] above [D] below
18.[A] jump [B] float [C] drop [D] fluctuate
19.[A]achieve [B]undo [C] maintain [D]disregard
20. [A] promising [B] possible [C] necessary [D] helpful
Section Ⅱ Reading Comprehension
Part A
Directions：Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)
Text 1
In the 2006 film version of The Devil Wears Prada ,Miranda Priestly, played by Meryl Streep, scolds her unattractive assistant for imagining that high fashion doesn’t affect her, Priestly explains how the deep blue color of the assistant’s sweater descended over the years from fashion shows to departments stores and to the bargain bin in which the poor girl doubtless found her garment.
This top-down conception of the fashion business couldn’t be more out of date or at odds with the feverish would described in Overdressed, Eliazabeth Cline’s three-year indictment of “fast fashion”. In the last decade or so ,advances in technology have allowed mass-market labels such as Zara ,H&M, and Uniqlo to react to trends more quickly and anticipate demand more precisely. Quicker turnarounds mean less wasted inventory, more frequent release, and more profit. These labels encourage style-conscious consumers to see clothes as disposable-meant to last only a wash or two, although they don’t advertise that–and to renew their wardrobe every few weeks. By offering on-trend items at dirt-cheap prices, Cline argues, these brands have hijacked fashion cycles, shaking an industry long accustomed to a seasonal pace.
The victims of this revolution , of course ,are not limited to designers. For H&M to offer a $5.95 knit miniskirt in all its 2,300-pius stores around the world, it must rely on low-wage overseas labor, order in volumes that strain natural resources, and use massive amounts of harmful chemicals.
Overdressed is the fashion world’s answer to consumer-activist bestsellers like Michael Pollan’s The Omnivore’s Dilemma. “Mass-produced clothing ,like fast food, fills a hunger and need, yet is non-durable and wasteful,” Cline argues. Americans, she finds, buy roughly 20 billion garments a year – about 64 items per person – and no matter how much they give away, this excess leads to waste.
Towards the end of Overdressed, Cline introduced her ideal, a Brooklyn woman named Sarah Kate Beaumont, who since 2008 has made all of her own clothes – and beautifully. But as Cline is the first to note, it took Beaumont decades to perfect her craft; her example can’t be knocked off.
Though several fast-fashion companies have made efforts to curb their impact on labor and the environment – including H&M, with its green Conscious Collection line –Cline believes lasting change can only be effected by the customer. She exhibits the idealism common to many advocates of sustainability, be it in food or in energy. Vanity is a constant; people will only start shopping more sustainably when they can’t afford not to.
21. Priestly criticizes her assistant for her
[A] poor bargaining skill.
[B] insensitivity to fashion.
[C] obsession with high fashion.
[D]lack of imagination.
22. According to Cline, mass-maket labels urge consumers to
[A] combat unnecessary waste.
[B] shut out the feverish fashion world.
[C] resist the influence of advertisements.
[D] shop for their garments more frequently.
23. The word “indictment” (Line 3, Para.2) is closest in meaning to
[A] accusation.
[B] enthusiasm.
[C] indifference.
[D] tolerance.
24. Which of the following can be inferred from the lase paragraph?
[A] Vanity has more often been found in idealists.
[B] The fast-fashion industry ignores sustainability.
[C] People are more interested in unaffordable garments.
[D] Pricing is vital to environment-friendly purchasing.
25. What is the subject of the text?
[A] Satire on an extravagant lifestyle.
[B] Challenge to a high-fashion myth.
[C] Criticism of the fast-fashion industry.
[D] Exposure of a mass-market secret.
Text2
An old saying has it that half of all advertising budgets are wasted-the trouble is, no one knows which half . In the internet age, at least in theory ,this fraction can be much reduced . By watching what people search for, click on and say online, companies can aim “behavioural” ads at those most likely to buy.
In the past couple of weeks a quarrel has illustrated the value to advertisers of such fine-grained information: Should advertisers assume that people are happy to be tracked and sent behavioural ads? Or should they have explicit permission?
In December 2010 America's Federal Trade Cornmission (FTC) proposed adding a "do not track "(DNT) option to internet browsers ,so that users could tell adwertisers that they did not want to be followed .Microsoft's Internet Explorer and Apple's Safari both offer DNT ;Google's Chrome is due to do so this year. In February the FTC and Digltal Adwertising Alliance (DAA) agreed that the industry would get cracking on responging to DNT requests.
On May 31st Microsoft Set off the row: It said that Internet Explorer 10,the version due to appear windows 8, would have DNT as a default.
It is not yet clear how advertisers will respond. Geting a DNT signal does not oblige anyone to stop tracking, although some companies have promised to do so. Unable to tell whether someone really objects to behavioural ads or whether they are sticking with Microsoft’s default, some may ignore a DNT signal and press on anyway.
Also unclear is why Microsoft has gone it alone. Atter all, it has an ad business too, which it says will comply with DNT requests, though it is still working out how. If it is trying to upset Google, which relies almost wholly on default will become the norm. DNT does not seem an obviously huge selling point for windows 8-though the firm has compared some of its other products favourably with Google's on that count before. Brendon Lynch, Microsoft's chief privacy officer, bloggde:"we believe consumers should have more control." Could it really be that simple?
26. It is suggested in paragraph 1 that “behavioural” ads help advertisers to:
[A] ease competition among themselves
[B] lower their operational costs
[C] avoid complaints from consumers
[D]provide better online services
27. “The industry” (Line 6,Para.3) refers to:
[A] online advertisers
[B] e-commerce conductors
[C] digital information analysis
[D]internet browser developers
28. Bob Liodice holds that setting DNT as a default
[A] many cut the number of junk ads
[B] fails to affect the ad industry
[C] will not benefit consumers
[D]goes against human nature
29. which of the following is true according to Paragraph.6?
[A] DNT may not serve its intended purpose
[B] Advertisers are willing to implement DNT
[C] DNT is losing its popularity among consumers
[D] Advertisers are obliged to offer behavioural ads
30. The author's attitude towards what Brendon Lynch said in his blog is one of:
[A] indulgence
[B] understanding
[C] appreciation
[D] skepticism
Text 3
Up until a few decades ago, our visions of the future were largely - though by no means uniformly - glowingly positive. Science and technology would cure all the ills of humanity, leading to lives of fulfillment and opportunity for all.
Now utopia has grown unfashionable, as we have gained a deeper appreciation of the range of threats facing us, from asteroid strike to epidemic flu and to climate change. You might even be tempted to assume that humanity has little future to look forward to.
But such gloominess is misplaced. The fossil record shows that many species have endured for millions of years - so why shouldn't we? Take a broader look at our species' place in the universe, and it becomes clear that we have an excellent chance of surviving for tens, if not hundreds, of thousands of years . Look up Homo sapiens in the "Red List" of threatened species of the International Union for the Conversation of Nature (IUCN) ,and you will read: "Listed as Least Concern as the species is very widely distributed, adaptable, currently increasing, and there are no major threats resulting in an overall population decline."
So what does our deep future hold? A growing number of researchers and organisations are now thinking seriously about that question. For example, the Long Now Foundation has its flagship project a medical clock that is designed to still be marking time thousands of years hence .
Perhaps willfully , it may be easier to think about such lengthy timescales than about the more immediate future. The potential evolution of today's technology, and its social consequences, is dazzlingly complicated, and it's perhaps best left to science fiction writers and futurologists to explore the many possibilities we can envisage. That's one reason why we have launched Arc, a new publication dedicated to the near future.
But take a longer view and there is a surprising amount that we can say with considerable assurance. As so often, the past holds the key to the future: we have now identified enough of the long-term patterns shaping the history of the planet, and our species, to make evidence-based forecasts about the situations in which our descendants will find themselves.
This long perspective makes the pessimistic view of our prospects seem more likely to be a passing fad. To be sure, the future is not all rosy. But we are now knowledgeable enough to reduce many of the risks that threatened the existence of earlier humans, and to improve the lot of those to come.
31. Our vision of the future used to be inspired by
[A] our desire for lives of fulfillment
[B] our faith in science and technology
[C] our awareness of potential risks
[D] our belief in equal opportunity
32. The IUCN’s “Red List” suggest that human being are
[A] a sustained species
[B] a threaten to the environment
[C] the world’s dominant power
[D] a misplaced race
33. Which of the following is true according to Paragraph 5?
[A] Arc helps limit the scope of futurological studies.
[B] Technology offers solutions to social problem.
[C] The interest in science fiction is on the rise.
[D] Our Immediate future is hard to conceive.
34. To ensure the future of mankind, it is crucial to
[A] explore our planet’s abundant resources
[B] adopt an optimistic view of the world
[C] draw on our experience from the past
[D] curb our ambition to reshape history
35. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?
[A] Uncertainty about Our Future
[B] Evolution of the Human Species
[C] The Ever-bright Prospects of Mankind
[D] Science, Technology and Humanity
Text 4
On a five to three vote, the Supreme Court knocked out much of Arizona’s immigration law Monday-a modest policy victory for the Obama Administration. But on the more important matter of the Constitution,the decision was an 8-0 defeat for the Administration’s effort to upset the balance of power between the federal government and the states.
In Arizona v. United States, the majority overturned three of the four contested provisions of Arizona’s controversial plan to have state and local police enforce federal immigration law. The Constitutional principles that Washington alone has the power to “establish a uniform Rule of Naturalization ”and that federal laws precede state laws are noncontroversial . Arizona had attempted to fashion state policies that ran parallel to the existing federal ones.
Justice Anthony Kennedy, joined by Chief Justice John Roberts and the Court’s liberals, ruled that the state flew too close to the federal sun. On the overturned provisions the majority held the congress had deliberately “occupied the field” and Arizona had thus intruded on the federal’s privileged powers.
However, the Justices said that Arizona police would be allowed to verify the legal status of people who come in contact with law enforcement.That’s because Congress has always envisioned joint federal-state immigration enforcement and explicitly encourages state officers to share information and cooperate with federal colleagues.
Two of the three objecting Justice-Samuel Alito and Clarence Thomas-agreed with this Constitutional logic but disagreed about which Arizona rules conflicted with the federal statute.The only major objection came from Justice Antonin Scalia,who offered an even more robust defense of state privileges going back to the alien and Sedition Acts.
The 8-0 objection to President Obama turns on what Justice Samuel Alito describes in his objection as “a shocking assertion assertion of federal executive power”.The White House argued that Arizona’s laws conflicted with its enforcement priorities,even if state laws complied with federal statutes to the letter.In effect, the White House claimed that it could invalidate any otherwise legitimate state law that it disagrees with .
Some powers do belong exclusively to the federal government, and control of citizenship and the borders is among them. But if Congress wanted to prevent states from using their own resources to check immigration status, it could. It never did so. The administration was in essence asserting that because it didn’t want to carry out Congress’s immigration wishes, no state should be allowed to do so either. Every Justice rightly rejected this remarkable claim.
36. Three provisions of Arizona’s plan were overturned because they
[A] deprived the federal police of Constitutional powers.
[B] disturbed the power balance between different states.
[C] overstepped the authority of federal immigration law.
[D] contradicted both the federal and state policies.
37. On which of the following did the Justices agree, according to Paragraph4?
[A] Federal officers’ duty to withhold immigrants’information.
[B] States’ independence from federal immigration law.
[C] States’ legitimate role in immigration enforcement.
[D] Congress’s intervention in immigration enforcement.
38. It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that the Alien and Sedition Acts
[A] violated the Constitution.
[B] undermined the states’ interests.
[C] supported the federal statute.
[D] stood in favor of the states.
39. The White House claims that its power of enforcement
[A] outweighs that held by the states.
[B] is dependent on the states’ support.
[C] is established by federal statutes.
[D] rarely goes against state laws.
40. What can be learned from the last paragraph?
[A] Immigration issues are usually decided by Congress.
[B] Justices intended to check the power of the Administration.
[C] Justices wanted to strengthen its coordination with Congress.
[D] The Administration is dominant over immigration issues.
Part B
Directions:
In the following article, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blank. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)
The social sciences are flourishing. As of 2005,there were almost half a million professional social scientists from all fields in the world, working both inside and outside academia. According to the World Social Science Report 2010,the number of social-science students worldwide has swollen by about 11% every year since 2000.
Yet this enormous resource in not contributing enough to today’s global challenges including climate change, security, sustainable development and health.(41)______Humanity has the necessary agro-technological tools to eradicate hunger , from genetically engineered crops to artificial fertilizers . Here , too, the problems are social: the organization and distribution of food, wealth and prosperity.
(42)____This is a shame—the community should be grasping the opportunity to raise its influence in the real world. To paraphrase the great social scientist Joseph Schumpeter: there is no radical innovation without creative destruction.
Today ,the social sciences are largely focused on disciplinary problems and internal scholarly debates, rather than on topics with external impact.
Analyses reveal that the number of papers including the keywords“environmental changed” or “climate change” have increased rapidly since 2004,(43)____
When social scientists do tackle practical issues ,their scope is often local: Belgium is interested mainly in the effects of poverty on Belgium for example .And whether the community’s work contributes much to an overall accumulation of knowledge is doubtful.
The problem is not necessarily the amount of available funding (44)____this is an adequate amount so long as it is aimed in the right direction. Social scientists who complain about a lack of funding should not expect more in today’s economic climate.
The trick is to direct these funds better. The European Union Framework funding programs have long had a category specifically targeted at social scientists. This year, it was proposed that system be changed: Horizon 2020,a new program to be enacted in 2014,would not have such a category ,This has resulted in protests from social scientists. But the intention is not to neglect social science ; rather ,the complete opposite.(45)____That should create more collaborative endeavors and help to develop projects aimed directly at solving global problems.
[A] It could be that we are evolving two communities of social
scientists: one that is discipline-oriented and publishing in highly
specialized journals, and one that is problem-oriented and publishing
elsewhere, such as policy briefs.
[B] However, the numbers are still small: in 2010,about 1,600 of the
100,000 social-sciences papers published globally included one of these
Keywords.
[C] the idea is to force social to integrate their work with other categories, including health and demographic change food security, marine research and the bio-economy, clear, efficient energy; and inclusive, innovative and secure societies.
[D] the solution is to change the mindset of the academic community, and what it considers to be its main goal. Global challenges and social innovation ought to receive much more attention from scientists, especially the young ones.
[E] These issues all have root causes in human behavior . all require behavioral change and social innovations , as well as technological development . Stemming climate change , for example , is as much about changing consumption patterns and promoting tax acceptance as it is about developing clean energy.
[F] Despite these factors , many social scientists seem reluctant to tackle such problems . And in Europe , some are up in arms over a proposal to drop a specific funding category for social-science research and to integrate it within cross-cutting topics of sustainable development .
[G] During the late 1990s , national spending on social sciences and the humanities as a percentage of all research and development funds-including government, higher education, non-profit and corporate -varied from around 4% to 25%; in most European nations , it is about 15%.
Section III Translation
46. Directions: Translate the following text from English to Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET2. (10 points)
Directions:
Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)
It is speculated that gardens arise from a basic need in the individuals who made them: the need for creative expression. There is no doubt that gardens evidence an impossible urge to create, express, fashion, and beautify and that self-expression is a basic human urge; (46) Yet when one looks at the photographs of the garden created by the homeless, it strikes one that , for all their diversity of styles, these gardens speak os various other fundamental urges, beyond that of decoration and creative expression.
One of these urges had to do with creating a state of peace in the midst of turbulence, a “still point of the turning world,” to borrow a phrase from T. S. Eliot. (47)A sacred place of peace, however crude it may be, is a distinctly human need, as opposed to shelter, which is a distinctly animal need. This distinction is so much so that where the latter is lacking, as it is for these unlikely gardens, the foemer becomes all the more urgent. Composure is a state of mind made possible by the structuring of one’s relation to one’s environment. (48) The gardens of the homeless which are in effect homeless gardens introduce from into an urban environment where it either didn’t exist or was not discernible as such.In so doing they give composure to a segment of the inarticulate environment in which they take their stand.
Another urge or need that these gardens appear to respond to, or to arise from is so intrinsic that we are barely ever conscious of its abiding claims on us. When we are deprived of green, of plants, of trees, (49)most of us give into a demoralization of spirit which we usually blame on some psychological conditions, until one day we find ourselves in garden and feel the expression vanish as if by magic. In most of the homeless gardens of New York City the actual cultivation of plants is unfeasible, yet even so the compositions often seem to represent attempts to call arrangement of materials, an institution of colors, small pool of water, and a frequent presence of petals or leaves as well as of stuffed animals. On display here are various fantasy elements whose reference, at some basic level, seems to be the natural world. (50)It is this implicit or explicit reference to nature that fully justifies the use of word garden though in a “liberated”sense, to describe these synthetic constructions. In them we can see biophilia- a yearning for contact with nonhuman life-assuming uncanny representational forms.
Section IV Writing
Part A
51. Directions:
Write an e-mail of about 100 words to a foreign teacher in your college, inviting him/her to be a judge for the upcoming English speech contest.
You should include the details you think necessary.
You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.
Do not sign your own name at the end of the e-mail. Use “Li Ming” instead.
Do not write the address. (10 points)
Part B
52. Directions:
Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay you should
1) describe the drawing briefly
2) explain its intended meaning, and
3) give your comments
You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET2. (20 points)
閱讀答案：(由新東方集團(tuán)郭威老師、廣州新東方劉曉峰、濟(jì)南新東方趙曉棟老師、研發(fā)中心眾同事提供)
TEXT 1
21. 【答案】B (insensitivity to fashion)
22. 【答案】D (shop for their garments more frequently)
23. 【答案】A (accusation)
24. 【答案】D (pricing is vital to environmental-friendly purchasing)
25. 【答案】C (criticism of the fast-fashion industry)
TEXT 2
26. 【答案】B (lower their operational costs)
27. 【答案】D (internet browser developers)
28. 【答案】C (will not benefit consumers)
29. 【答案】A (DNT may not serve its intended purpose)
30. 【答案】D (skepticism)
TEXT 3
31. 【答案】B (our faith in science and technology)
32. 【答案】A ( a sustained species)
33. 【答案】D (Our Immediate future is hard to conceive)
34. 【答案】C (draw on our experience from the past)
35. 【答案】C (The Ever-bright Prospects of Mankind)
TEXT 4
36. 【答案】C (overstepped the authority of federal immigration law)
37. 【答案】C (States’ legitimate role in immigration enforcement)
38. 【答案】D (Stood in favor of the states)
39. 【答案】A (outweighs that held by the states)
40. 【答案】D (The Administration is dominant over immigration issues)
翻譯原文和答案(由北京新東方唐靜老師提供)
(46) Yet when one looks at the photographs of the garden created by the homeless, it strikes one that, for all their diversity of styles, these gardens speak of various other fundamental urges, beyond that of decoration and creative expression.
然而，當(dāng)我們看到這樣的照片，看到那些無家可歸者所創(chuàng)造的花園之時(shí)，感到了深深的震撼：盡管它們風(fēng)格多樣，但這些花園道出了其他的根本需求，而非停留在裝飾美化或是創(chuàng)造性表達(dá)。
(47)A sacred place of peace, however crude it may be, is a distinctly human need, as opposed to shelter, which is a distinctly animal need.
它是一個(gè)和平的圣地，不管它有多么粗陋，但它明顯是一種人類的需求，與收容所迥異，收容所明顯是一種動(dòng)物的需求。
(48) The gardens of the homeless which are in effect homeless gardens introduce from into an urban environment where it either didn’t exist or was not discernible as such.
無家可歸者的花園實(shí)際上是無人問津的花園，它們是引入到城市環(huán)境中的一種建筑類型，它要么不存在，要么本身不易識(shí)別。
(49)most of us give into a demoralization of spirit which we usually blame on some psychological conditions, until one day we find ourselves in garden and feel the oppression vanish as if by magic.
多數(shù)人會(huì)陷入精神萎靡，我們通常把這種萎靡歸咎于某種心理狀態(tài)，直到有一天，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)自己身處花園，感到壓力全無，如魔力驅(qū)使一般。
(50)It is this implicit or explicit reference to nature that fully justifies the use of word garden though in a “liberated” sense, to describe these synthetic constructions.
正是這種與大自然之間的或明或暗的關(guān)聯(lián)使花園這個(gè)詞——雖然指的是“廣義”上的花園——恰如其分的形容了這些人造建筑。
寫作真題詳解與參考范文(由北京新東方王江濤老師提供)
PART A
Directions:
Write an email of about 100 words to a foreign teacher in your college inviting him/her to be a judge for the upcoming English speech contest.
You should include the details you think necessary.
You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.
Do not sign your own name at the end of the e-mail Use “Li Ming” instead.
Do not write the address.
命題解析：
2013年考研英語(一)小作文第八次考察了書信作文，屬于寫給外教的公務(wù)邀請(qǐng)信。值得注意的是，從2012年開始，考研命題組與時(shí)俱進(jìn)，英語(一)及(二)小作文命題不再使用日常生活中已很少使用的letter，而是替換為大家耳熟能詳?shù)膃-mail形式。其實(shí)沒有本質(zhì)區(qū)別，最新大綱仍定義為“私人或公務(wù)信函”，寫法完全一樣。
眾所周知，人們生活與工作中均需使用e-mail, 故e-mail也分為私人與公務(wù)兩種。私人書信稍微隨便一些，可使用3-5次縮寫、省略句或口語表達(dá)等非正式語言;公務(wù)書信稍微正式一些，最好不要使用非正式語言。
2005年考研開考小作文以來，從未考過邀請(qǐng)信，2013年首開先河。在2012年北京新東方學(xué)校面授班和新東方在線網(wǎng)絡(luò)課堂中，沖刺及點(diǎn)睛班均提供了關(guān)于邀請(qǐng)信及演講比賽的預(yù)測(cè)題目及范文，幾乎全文可以使用，考生應(yīng)有喜出望外之感。筆者所著《考研英語高分寫作》2013版78頁詳細(xì)講解了邀請(qǐng)信的注意事項(xiàng)、寫作方法、萬能句型，127頁小作文十大必背范文第六篇即邀請(qǐng)信;130頁小作文十大必背范文之九即關(guān)于演講比賽的范文，諸多表達(dá)均可使用。
考研寫作要求采用縮進(jìn)式：段間不空行，每段首行縮進(jìn)四個(gè)字母。由于是寫給外教的正式文體，應(yīng)寫“Dear Professor/Mr./Ms. Shakespeare,”等較為正式的稱呼，不宜直呼其名(雖然老外生活中很隨意)。首段可進(jìn)行自我介紹、表明寫作目的(邀請(qǐng)做英文演講比賽評(píng)委);次段應(yīng)展開具體細(xì)節(jié)：詳細(xì)介紹比賽情況、邀請(qǐng)?jiān)蚧蜇?fù)擔(dān)食宿交通費(fèi)用等均可;尾段可表示感謝并期待回信。落款應(yīng)寫“Yours sincerely,”或“Yours truly,”等公務(wù)落款，不宜使用“Yours,”或“Yours faithfully,”等私人落款。簽名切勿寫自己的真實(shí)姓名，應(yīng)用“Li Ming”代替。
由于小作文答題卡很小，很多考生將結(jié)尾客套及簽名擠在同一行或?qū)懺诳崭褚韵拢瑹o需擔(dān)心，電腦可以掃描到，不會(huì)因此取得低分。很多考生并未按照以上要求去寫，也無須過于擔(dān)心，寫法有很多種，法無定法、萬法歸宗。只要切題同時(shí)語言簡(jiǎn)潔、地道，均可取得不錯(cuò)的成績(jī)。
參考范文
Dear Professor Schipper,
On behalf of all the students at my university who share a love for the English language, I am writing this e-mail to cordially invite you to be our honorable judge for an English speaking contest.
As you are one of the leading experts in the English language in China, I believe that the students will not only be able to learn from you, but to be inspired as well. We are hoping that you will be available at 2:00 p.m. on January 5, 2013 on our campus. There has been two hours allocated for the contest and 30 minutes for a question and answer session.
If you are interested in coming to our university for the contest, please email me at this address. (124 words)
Yours sincerely,
Li Ming
參考譯文
尊敬的施舟人教授：
我以本校全體熱愛英語語言的學(xué)生的名義寫信給您，誠(chéng)摯地邀請(qǐng)您來作為一場(chǎng)英文演講比賽的尊貴評(píng)委。
由于您是中國(guó)英語語言研究方面杰出的專家之一，我相信學(xué)生們不僅能從您身上學(xué)到很多知識(shí)，而且也能夠獲得很大的啟發(fā)。我們期待您能抽出時(shí)間在1月5日下午2點(diǎn)來學(xué)校，其中兩個(gè)小時(shí)是比賽時(shí)間，另外30分鐘則是問答環(huán)節(jié)。
如果您對(duì)來我校有興趣，請(qǐng)通過這個(gè)地址和我進(jìn)行郵件聯(lián)系。
您真誠(chéng)的，
李明
PART B
Directions:
Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should
1)describe the drawing briefly,
2)explain its intended meaning, and
3)give your comments.
You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 POINTS)
命題解析
2013年，考研英語(一)大作文連續(xù)第14年考察了圖畫作文，題目相對(duì)簡(jiǎn)單：一群畢業(yè)生畢業(yè)之際，面臨著“求職、考研、出國(guó)、創(chuàng)業(yè)”等多條人生道路，文字說明為：“選擇”。這道題目屬于考研寫作四大必考話題之“人生哲理”類，主題即“選擇”。
每年都有很多人號(hào)稱押題成功，今年也不例外，但考生寫作得分未必高。有些考生僥幸事先準(zhǔn)備過相關(guān)話題切勿盲目樂觀，如很多考生使用同樣的范文可能視為雷同卷獲得低分;或者有些考生雖然背過相關(guān)范文，但現(xiàn)場(chǎng)發(fā)揮部分錯(cuò)誤百出仍然取得低分。有些考生事先未能準(zhǔn)備過相關(guān)話題也勿妄自菲薄，閱卷教師其實(shí)最希望看到的就是完全現(xiàn)場(chǎng)發(fā)揮且語言水平較好的范文。鑒于網(wǎng)上答案錯(cuò)誤百出，自己估分未必準(zhǔn)確。英語成績(jī)下來之后，請(qǐng)務(wù)必向報(bào)考院校研究生院或研招辦咨詢查分，可知寫作等各單項(xiàng)具體成績(jī)。得分是檢驗(yàn)寫作學(xué)習(xí)的最好標(biāo)準(zhǔn)!
這已是2003年以來的11年來，第六次考察“人生哲理”這一話題，說明該話題是考生最應(yīng)重視的話題之一。個(gè)中原因不言自明：命題組成員多為全國(guó)各重點(diǎn)大學(xué)英語系資深教授，終生誨人不倦，親身接觸以考研考生為代表的青年學(xué)子面對(duì)社會(huì)的各種困境，借此話題對(duì)青年考生進(jìn)行諄諄教誨。2013年將有700萬大學(xué)生畢業(yè)，180考生報(bào)名參加考研，在嚴(yán)峻的就業(yè)和考研形勢(shì)之下，考察“畢業(yè)選擇“這一話題顯然在情理之中。
2003年考研寫作考察了“溫室花朵經(jīng)不起風(fēng)雨”即“獨(dú)立”這一主題，2004年考察“終點(diǎn)又是新起點(diǎn)”即“堅(jiān)持”，2007年考察“自信”，2008年考察“合作”，2012年考察“樂觀”，這五道題目均為人生哲理類話題。無論是在北京新東方學(xué)校面授班、新東方在線網(wǎng)絡(luò)課堂或筆者所著《考研英語高分寫作》書中，均詳細(xì)講解過這五道考題及其他大量的“人生哲理類”范文，很多文章幾乎全文可以使用�！陡叻謱懽鳌�2013版215頁為“就業(yè)問題”漫畫及范文、220頁為“出國(guó)留學(xué)”漫畫及范文亦可使用�？忌绻J(rèn)真學(xué)習(xí)過上述范文，這道題目應(yīng)易如反掌。
本題第一段應(yīng)簡(jiǎn)要描述漫畫，指出很多畢業(yè)生面臨“求職、考研、出國(guó)、創(chuàng)業(yè)”的各種選擇。第二段應(yīng)進(jìn)行意義闡釋，可分析畢業(yè)選擇所需考慮的諸多因素或不同選擇的利弊說明，采用因果、正反、舉例、聯(lián)系現(xiàn)實(shí)等多種論證手段。第三段可進(jìn)行歸納結(jié)論和提出建議措施：各種選擇無所謂對(duì)錯(cuò)，適合自己即是最佳選擇。
很多考生擔(dān)心大作文跑題問題，其實(shí)大可不必。2013年180萬考生考研，閱卷組一周之內(nèi)判完所有試卷，沒有興趣深究思維或結(jié)構(gòu)，重在語言地道、簡(jiǎn)潔、舒服。只要文章與“選擇、求職、考研、出國(guó)或創(chuàng)業(yè)”相關(guān)即可，仁者見仁、智者見智，無須過于擔(dān)心。閱卷老師也不會(huì)因?yàn)槟承┛忌P(guān)鍵詞寫錯(cuò)或不會(huì)而直接低分，關(guān)鍵還是看語言的整體水平。你的真實(shí)語言水平如何，身為大學(xué)英語系教師的閱卷老師當(dāng)然一目了然。
參考范文
As is vividly shown in the cartoon, for undergraduate college students, deciding what to do upon graduation can be a tough decision to say the least. For the vast majority of students, the choice is among finding a job, pursuing postgraduate studies, going abroad or starting one’s own business. And below the drawing, there is a topic which says: “choice”.
When making this decision, students should consider a variety of factors, including their personal preferences, financial status and career plans. The first factor that they should consider is their own personal preferences. Some students may have entrepreneurial ambitions and dream of running their own business. The second factor that undergraduate students should consider is their financial situation. Some students or their families are able to support the tuition fees of postgraduate studies or studying overseas, while for others it would be too much of a financial strain. The final factor that students should take into account is their intended career. Students who make the wrong choice could be faced with disappointing career prospects, or end up wasting their time and money.
When it comes time for university graduates to decide their next step in life, there is no one right or wrong choice for everyone. Rather, each student must reach his or her own conclusion. With due consideration of personal preferences, financial status and career goals, students can improve their chances of making an optimal choice. (236 words)
參考譯文
如圖所示，對(duì)于本科生來說，決定畢業(yè)之后做什么毫不夸張地說是一個(gè)艱難的選擇。大多數(shù)學(xué)生都在求職、考研、出國(guó)和創(chuàng)業(yè)之間徘徊。在漫畫下面，小標(biāo)題顯示：“選擇”。
在做決定的時(shí)候，學(xué)生應(yīng)該考慮很多因素，包括個(gè)人偏好、經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況及職業(yè)計(jì)劃。大學(xué)生第一個(gè)要考慮的就是自己的個(gè)人偏好。有些學(xué)生希望成為企業(yè)家，夢(mèng)想擁有自己的公司。第二個(gè)要考慮的因素就是自己的經(jīng)濟(jì)條件。有些學(xué)生自己或家里可以負(fù)擔(dān)考研或出國(guó)的學(xué)費(fèi)，而對(duì)有些人來說這些費(fèi)用是一項(xiàng)沉重的負(fù)擔(dān)。大學(xué)生所需要考慮的最后一個(gè)因素就是自己的期望職業(yè)。錯(cuò)誤的決定會(huì)讓你面臨著失望的就業(yè)前景，或是到頭來浪費(fèi)了時(shí)間和金錢。
大學(xué)畢業(yè)之際，每個(gè)人在決定人生中的下一步時(shí)無所謂對(duì)和錯(cuò)。更恰當(dāng)?shù)卣f，每個(gè)學(xué)生必須給出屬于自己的結(jié)論。大學(xué)生綜合考慮個(gè)人偏好、經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況及職業(yè)目標(biāo)，就更有可能做出最優(yōu)的選擇。
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