大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)閱讀理解文章練習(xí)及答案
Americans are proud of their variety and individualty, yet they love and respect few things more than a uniform. Why are uniforms so __1__ in the United States? Among the arguments for uniforms, one of the first is that in the eyes of most people they look more __2__ than civilian(百姓的) clothes. People have become conditioned to __3__ superior quality from a man who wears a uniform. The television repairman who wears a uniform tends to __4__ more trust than one who appears in civilian clothes. Faith in the __5__ of a garage mechanic is increased by a uniform. What an easier way is there for a nurse, a policeman, a barber, or a waiter to __6__ professional identity(身份) than to step out of uniform? Uniforms also have many __7__ benefits. They save on other clothes. They save on laundry bills. They are often more comfortable and more durable than civilian clothes. Primary among the arguments against uniforms is their lack of variety and the consequent loss of __8__ experienced by people who must wear them. Though there are many types of uniforms, the wearer of any particular type is generally stuck with it, without __9__, until retirement. When people look alike, they tend to think, speak, and act __10__, on the job at least.
[A]skill [B]popular [C]get [D]change [E]similarly [F]professional [G]character [H]individuality [I]inspire [J]differently [K]expect [L]practical [M]recall [N]lose [O]ordinary
【答案及詳解】 1.選B)。從文章的第一句they love and respect few thins more than a uniform“他們又無(wú)比熱愛(ài)和崇尚制服”，說(shuō)明了制服在美國(guó)很受。因此選項(xiàng)B)popular符合原文意思。選項(xiàng)中的professional“職業(yè)的”、practical“實(shí)用的”和ordinary“普通的，平常的”都不符合第一段的意思。
2.選F)。此處應(yīng)填形容詞。從more...than civilian clothes可知，此處要填的形容詞意思與civilian相對(duì)，說(shuō)明制服的特點(diǎn)。選項(xiàng)中的形容詞中只有professional“職業(yè)的”和civilian相對(duì)的，故F)正確。而pratical“實(shí)用的”和ordinary“平常的”意思都不能和civilian對(duì)應(yīng)，故排除。
3.選K)。由be conditioned to do sth.“習(xí)慣于”可知，此處應(yīng)填動(dòng)詞原形。從前面的look more“看起來(lái)更...”和后面的'tend to“傾向于”可知，這段要說(shuō)明的是人們的主觀印象，應(yīng)填入表示“期望(得到)”的單詞，只有K)expect符合原文語(yǔ)氣。選項(xiàng)中g(shù)et“得到”與上下文的語(yǔ)氣不符合。
4.選I)。此處應(yīng)填動(dòng)詞原形。從原文中“人們習(xí)慣...從穿制服的人那兒得到優(yōu)質(zhì)服務(wù)�！笨芍藗兏湃未┲品娜�，即制服能使人產(chǎn)生信任感。選項(xiàng)中的動(dòng)詞原形中只有inspire“使產(chǎn)生”符合文章。
5.選A)。此處應(yīng)填名詞。前面兩句表達(dá)了人們對(duì)穿制服的人更加信任的意思，那么對(duì)于garage mechanic“汽車修理工”來(lái)說(shuō)，人們信任的是它的技術(shù)，而不是人品，故選項(xiàng)中只有A)skill符合原文意思。
6.選N)。此處應(yīng)填動(dòng)詞。...step out of uniform“脫掉制服”是對(duì)護(hù)士、警察等來(lái)說(shuō)是......職業(yè)身份的很簡(jiǎn)單的方式。脫下制服就是失去了職業(yè)身份，由此可以推知此處應(yīng)填N)lose。
7.選L)。此處應(yīng)填形容詞，說(shuō)明制服的其他有點(diǎn)。從下文“...節(jié)省購(gòu)買其他衣服的開(kāi)銷，節(jié)省洗衣費(fèi)用，比便服更舒適也更耐穿”可知，制服除了增加信任感還有實(shí)際的優(yōu)點(diǎn)。選項(xiàng)中的pratical“實(shí)用的”和ordinary“平常的”，很明顯L)pratical符合原文意思。
8.選H)。此處應(yīng)填名詞。文章手段就說(shuō)“美國(guó)人為自己的多元化和個(gè)性化感到高傲無(wú)比，然而他們又無(wú)比熱愛(ài)和崇尚制服”，其中包含制服使他們失去自己的個(gè)性的意思，那么聯(lián)系第一段，此處指出的制服的缺點(diǎn)即為失去個(gè)性，故選項(xiàng)H)individuality正確。individuality強(qiáng)調(diào)與他人特點(diǎn)的區(qū)別，而character指的是個(gè)人特定的內(nèi)在本質(zhì)。
9.選D)。此處應(yīng)填名詞。前面說(shuō)制服讓人失去了個(gè)性，雖然有很多種制服，但穿上制服的人直至退休都是那件制服，所有是沒(méi)有變化的，故此處應(yīng)填change，故D)正確。
10.選E)。此處應(yīng)填副詞，修飾動(dòng)詞act。前面指出...look alike,they tend to...，說(shuō)明此處填的詞和alike意思相近。選項(xiàng)種副詞有similarly和differently，很明顯，E)similarly與alike意思相近，故選E)。
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