2017年12月大學(xué)英語六級(jí)選詞填空練習(xí)及解析
Directions:In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.
Questions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage.
England's highest main-line railway station hangs on to life by a thread: deserted and unmanned (無人的 )since it was officially closed in 1970. Dent, 36 high in the hills of Yorkshire, wakes up On six summer weekends each year, when a special charter train unloads walkers, sightseers and people who37want to catch a train from the highest station, on to its platform. But even this limited existence may soon be brought to an end.
Dent station is situated on the Settle to Carlisle railway line, said to be the most38in the country. But no amount of scenic beauty can save the line from British Rail's cash problems. This year, for the 39 of economy, the express trains which used to pass through Dent station have been put on to another route.
It is now an open secret that British Rail sees no future for this railway line. Most of its trains disappeared some time ago. Its bridge, built on a grand 40 a century ago, is falling down. It is not alone. Half-a-dozen railway routes in the north of England are facing a similar threat. The problem is a worn-out system and an almost41 lack of cash to repair it. Bridges and tunnels are showing their age, the wooden supports for the tracks are rotting and engines and coaches are getting old. On42lines between large cities, the problem is not too bad. These lines still make a profit and cash can be found to43 them. But on the country branch line, the story is different. As track wears out, it is not replaced. Instead speed limits are introduced, making journeys longer than necessary and discouraging customers.
If a bridge is dangerous, there is often only one thing for British Rail to do: go out and find money from another44. This is exactly what it did a few months ago when a bridge at Bridlington station was threatening to fail down. Repairs were45 at 200,000--just for one bridge--and British Rail was delighted, and rather surprised, when two local councils offered half that amount between them.
A. maintain
B. scenic
C. transcend
D. source
E. estimated
F. sake
G. complex
H.simply
I. consolidation
J. situated
K. respectively
L. total
M. major
N. restrained
O. scale
參考翻譯
英格蘭鐵路主干線上海拔最高的火車站命懸一線:自從1970年正式關(guān)閉后,它已經(jīng)被廢棄,也沒人管理了。丹特火車站[36]坐落于高高的約克郡丘陵地區(qū)。每年夏天有六個(gè)周末,當(dāng)一班專門的包租火車將徒步者、游客以及[37]僅僅想去最高的火車站乘坐火車的人卸載到站臺(tái)上時(shí),丹特火車站才會(huì)醒過來。
但是,即使是這種受限的存在方式也可能很快就會(huì)被終結(jié)。丹特火車站位于從賽特爾開往卡萊爾的鐵路線上,該鐵路線據(jù)說是英國(guó)風(fēng)景最[38]優(yōu)美的。然而,美麗的風(fēng)景卻無法使其幸免于英國(guó)國(guó)鐵的資金困難。今年,[39]由于經(jīng)濟(jì)原因,過去曾經(jīng)過丹特火車站的特快列車已經(jīng)改走其他路線了。
英國(guó)國(guó)鐵看不到這條鐵路線的未來,現(xiàn)在這已經(jīng)是人盡皆知的秘密了。它的多數(shù)火車不久前都已經(jīng)消失。一個(gè)世紀(jì)前,以宏大[40]規(guī)模興建的架橋也快倒塌了。這絕非個(gè)例。英國(guó)北部有六條鐵路線面臨著類似的威脅。問題在于一方面系統(tǒng)破舊不堪,而另一方面幾乎[41]完全沒有修理資金。架橋和隧道已老化,軌道的木支架正在腐爛,發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)和車廂也日顯陳舊。
在大城市之間的[42]主干線上,問題并不是太嚴(yán)重。這些鐵路線仍在盈利,能找到資金來[43]維護(hù)保養(yǎng)它們。但是,在鄉(xiāng)村支線上,情況就完全不同了。日益磨損的軌道并沒得到更換,反而實(shí)行了限速。這使得旅程不必要地延長(zhǎng),也讓乘客沮喪。
如果架橋有危險(xiǎn),英國(guó)國(guó)鐵要做的通常只有一件事:走出去,從另一個(gè)[44]渠道找資金。幾個(gè)月前,當(dāng)布里德靈頓火車站的一座橋搖搖欲墜時(shí),英國(guó)國(guó)鐵就是這樣做的。據(jù)[45]估計(jì),僅一座橋的修理費(fèi)就要20萬英鎊——當(dāng)兩個(gè)地方議會(huì)提供一半的資金時(shí),英國(guó)國(guó)鐵感到很欣喜并且十分驚訝。
參考答案
36.J
語法判斷:分析句子主干可知,空格前后是一個(gè)完整的句子,因此,可以判斷此處缺少一個(gè)分詞和后面的high in the hills ofYorkshire一起構(gòu)成分詞短語作后置定語,修飾句子的主語Dent,描述Dent所在的地理位置。
語義判斷:符合上述語法條件的選項(xiàng)有過去分詞estimated、situated以及restrained三個(gè),estimated意為“據(jù)估計(jì)”,situated意為“位于”,restrained意為“受到限制”。結(jié)合語境可知,只有situated符合文意,故選J。
37.H
語法判斷:分析句子主干可知,該空所處的句子是一個(gè)由關(guān)系代詞who引導(dǎo)的定語從句,這里缺少一個(gè)副詞修飾后面的謂語動(dòng)詞want。
語義判斷:符合上述語法條件的副詞有兩個(gè):simply意為“僅僅”,respectively意為“分別地,各自”0此處是要表達(dá)“人們僅僅想去最高的火車站乘坐火車”,可知只有simply符合,故選H。
38.B
語法判斷:分析句子主干可知,該空所處的是一個(gè)過去分詞短語結(jié)構(gòu),該結(jié)構(gòu)前面是個(gè)完整的句子,它在句子中作主語Dent的補(bǔ)足語。這里缺少一個(gè)多音節(jié)的形容詞,因?yàn)樗懊嬗邢祫?dòng)詞be和最高級(jí)themost。
語義判斷:備選的形容詞有scenic(風(fēng)景優(yōu)美的)、complex(復(fù)雜的)、total(整體的)以及major(主要的)四個(gè)。結(jié)合句意“據(jù)說是英國(guó)風(fēng)景最優(yōu)美的”,可知B是正確答案。
39.F
語法判斷:分析句子主干可知,空格后是一個(gè)完整的句子,判斷空格處所在短語for the__________ofeconomy在句中作狀語。分析此短語可知,這里缺少一個(gè)名詞。
語義判斷:備選的名詞有source(渠道)、sake(緣故)、consolidation(鞏固)和scale(規(guī)模)四項(xiàng),只有sake是正確的,forthe sake of是固定短語,意為“為了,出于……的緣故”。
40.0
語法判斷:分析句子主干可知,該空所處的是一個(gè)過去分詞短語結(jié)構(gòu),該結(jié)構(gòu)前后是個(gè)完整的.句子,它在句子中作主語bridge的后置定語。本空缺少一個(gè)名詞,作介詞on的賓語,并和on一起構(gòu)成介詞短語,且該名詞是單數(shù)形式,因?yàn)榍懊嬗胁欢ü谠~a來限制。
語義判斷:結(jié)合39題的“語義判斷”可知,符合上述語法條件的名詞還剩下source、consolidation和scale。on agrand/large scale是一個(gè)常用表達(dá),意為“大規(guī)模地”,符合此處文意,故選O。
41.L
語法判斷:分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知。本空缺少一個(gè)形容詞來修飾后面的名詞lack,因?yàn)樗c前面的形容詞wom.out(修飾后面的名詞system)并列關(guān)系。
語義判斷:結(jié)合38題的“語義判斷”可知,符合上述語法條件的選項(xiàng)還剩下complex、total以及major,此處是要表達(dá)“幾乎完全缺乏現(xiàn)金”,因此L是正確答案。
42.M
語法判斷:分析句子主干可知,該空所處的是一個(gè)介詞短語結(jié)構(gòu),該結(jié)構(gòu)后是個(gè)完整的句子,它在句子中作整個(gè)句子的狀語。本空缺少一個(gè)形容詞作定語,修飾后面的名詞lines。
語義判斷:結(jié)合38題和41題的“語義判斷”可知,符合上述語法條件的選項(xiàng)剩下complex和major,這里的意思是“在主干線上”,因此只有major符合文意。
43.A
語法判斷:分析句子主干可知,本空需要一個(gè)動(dòng)詞原形,與前面的to一起構(gòu)成動(dòng)詞不定式,作句子的目的狀語。
語義判斷:符合上述語法條件的動(dòng)詞有maintain(維護(hù))和transcend(超越),結(jié)合句意“有現(xiàn)金去維護(hù)這些干線”可知只有maintain符合文意,故選A。
44.D
語法判斷:分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,該空所處的是一個(gè)介詞短語的結(jié)構(gòu),該結(jié)構(gòu)作前面動(dòng)詞find的狀語。這里需要一個(gè)名詞,作介詞from的賓語,且該名詞是單數(shù)形式,因?yàn)榍懊嬗衋nother來限制。
語義判斷:結(jié)合39題和40題的“語義判斷”可知,符合上述語法條件的名詞還剩下source和consolidation,這里的意思是“從另外的渠道”,因此D項(xiàng)是正確答案。
45.E
語法判斷:本句空格前為句子主語和系動(dòng)詞were,空格后是介詞短語at 200,000。判斷此處應(yīng)填入一個(gè)動(dòng)詞的分詞形式。
語義判斷:剩余的選項(xiàng)中,符合語法條件的有estimated和restrained兩個(gè),此處是要表達(dá)“修理費(fèi)估計(jì)需要20萬英鎊”,可知只有E是正確答案。
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