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12月四級(jí)閱讀理解訓(xùn)練題及解析

時(shí)間:2021-01-28 19:51:54 英語(yǔ)四級(jí) 我要投稿

2017年12月四級(jí)閱讀理解訓(xùn)練題及解析

  Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.

2017年12月四級(jí)閱讀理解訓(xùn)練題及解析

  Speeding off in a stolen car, the thief thinks he has got a great catch. But he is in for an unwelcome surprise. The car is fitted with a remote immobiliser (鎖止器), and a radio signal from a control centre miles away will ensure that once the thief switches the engine off, he will not be able to start it again.

  The idea goes like this. A control box fitted to the car contains a mini-cellphone, a micro-processor and memory, and a GPS (全球定位系統(tǒng)) satellite positioning receiver. If the car is stolen, a coded cellphone signal will tell the control centre to block the vehicle’s engine management system and prevent the engine being restarted.

  In the UK, a set of technical fixes is already making life harder for car thieves. ‘The pattern of vehicle crime has changed,’ says Martyn Randall, a security expert. He says it would only take him a few minutes to teach a person how to steal a car, using a bare minimum of tools. But only if the car is more than 10 years old.

  Modern cars are far tougher to steal, as their engine management computer won’t allow them to start unless they receive a unique ID code beamed out by the ignition (點(diǎn)火) key. In the UK, technologies like this have helped achieve a 31% drop in vehicle-related crime since 1997.

  But determined criminals are still managing to find other ways to steal cars, often by getting bold of the owner’s keys. And key theft is responsible for 40% of the thefts of vehicles fitted with a tracking system.

  If the car travels 100 metres without the driver confirming their ID, the system will send a signal to an operations centre that it has been stolen. The hundred metres minimum avoids false alarms due to inaccuracies in the GPS signal.

  Staff at the centre will then contact the owner to confirm that the car really is missing, and keep police informed of the vehicle’s movements via the car’s GPS unit.

  31. What’s the function of the remote immobilizer fitted to a car?

  A) To help the police make a surprise attack on the car thief.

  B) To allow the car to lock automatically when stolen.

  C) To prevent the car thief from restarting it once it stops.

  D) To prevent car theft by sending a radio signal to the car owner.(C)

  32. By saying “The pattern of vehicle crime has changed” (Lines 1-2. Para. 3), Martyn Randall suggests that ________.

  A) it takes a longer time for the car thief to do the stealing

  B) self-prepared tools are no longer enough for car theft

  C) the thief has to make use of computer technology

  D) the thief has lost interest in stealing cars over 10 years old(B)

  33. What is essential in making a modem car tougher to steal?

  A) A coded ignition key.

  B) A unique ID card.

  C) A special cellphone signal.

  D) A GPS satellite positioning receiver.(A)

  34. Why does the tracking system set a 100-metre minimum before sending an alarm to the operations centre?

  A) To leave time for the operations centre to give an alarm.

  B) To keep police informed of the car’s movements.

  C) To give the driver time to contact the operations centre.

  D) To allow for possible errors in the GPS system.(D)

  35. What will the operations centre do first after receiving an alarm?

  A) Start the tracking system.

  B) Contact the car owner.

  C) Block the car engine.

  D) Locate the missing car.(B)

  解析

  這是一篇講述汽車防盜系統(tǒng)的說(shuō)明文。文章開頭另辟蹊徑,以場(chǎng)景描述開篇,敘述一個(gè)偷車賊在偷車逃跑的過(guò)程中如何受困于防盜系統(tǒng)。這個(gè)場(chǎng)景言簡(jiǎn)意賅,概括了本篇所述的防盜系統(tǒng)的三個(gè)要點(diǎn):immobiliser (鎖止器),a control centre(控制中心),以及其結(jié)果not be able to start it again(不可啟動(dòng))。第一段以場(chǎng)景描述形象地向讀者介紹了本篇討論的核心內(nèi)容,引起讀者的閱讀興趣,隨后的第二段馬上以專業(yè)語(yǔ)言對(duì)這一系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行描述。這種布局法顯然好于開篇就直接介紹防盜系統(tǒng)的工作原理。

  接下來(lái)的一段援引一個(gè)安全專家的話介紹了英國(guó)國(guó)內(nèi)汽車偷盜現(xiàn)象的現(xiàn)狀:因?yàn)檐嚿习惭b了一套技術(shù)裝置(a set of technical fixes),使得現(xiàn)在的偷車賊無(wú)法再用以前的方法輕松地偷車成功。

  第四段進(jìn)一步講解了這套技術(shù)裝置的原理,并指出這種技術(shù)使與車輛有關(guān)的犯罪發(fā)生率下降了31%(achieve a 31% drop in vehicle-related crime)。第三、四這兩段說(shuō)明的目的是為后文新的防盜系統(tǒng)的出現(xiàn)做好鋪墊――因?yàn)榕f有的方法不再奏效,許多偷車賊開始使用一種更為原始的方式:getting hold of the owner’s keys(偷鑰匙),本文的所介紹的防盜系統(tǒng)就是為了應(yīng)付這種偷盜方式而出現(xiàn)的――這是第五段的內(nèi)容。

  文章的最后兩段具體說(shuō)明了這種系統(tǒng)的工作方式。第六代說(shuō)明的是汽車失竊的第一階段:發(fā)出信號(hào)“send a signal to an operations centre that it has been stolen”。第七段說(shuō)明第二階段:工作人員確認(rèn)失竊,并協(xié)助警方追捕盜賊。

  31. C

  題目問(wèn)轎車上安裝的遠(yuǎn)程鎖止器的功能是什么。

  文章第一次提到鎖止器是在第一段第二行,縱觀四個(gè)題支,其內(nèi)容涉及得基本全部是第一段。把第一段的內(nèi)容理解透徹之后,得出正確結(jié)論并不難。

  第一段前兩句是一種場(chǎng)景描述,意在構(gòu)筑類似小說(shuō)的情景。最后一個(gè)長(zhǎng)句才是關(guān)鍵。前半句The car is fitted with a remote immobilizer,汽車安裝了一個(gè)遠(yuǎn)程鎖止器;and a radio signal from a control centre miles away will ensure that once the thief switches the engine off, he will not be able to start it again, 一個(gè)數(shù)英里外的控制中心會(huì)發(fā)送一種無(wú)線電信號(hào),一旦竊賊關(guān)掉引擎,就不可能再點(diǎn)著了。乍看之下,作者并沒(méi)有說(shuō)鎖止器和引擎失效之間的聯(lián)系,因?yàn)殒i死引擎的 信號(hào)是控制中心發(fā)出的,而控制中心和鎖止器在這一段中并沒(méi)有發(fā)生聯(lián)系。要詳細(xì)了解這套系統(tǒng)的工作方式,還要看第二段。第二段給出了具體說(shuō)明:車上安裝了一 套設(shè)備,如果汽車被偷,就會(huì)發(fā)出手機(jī)信號(hào)告知控制中心鎖死汽車的引擎控制系統(tǒng),不讓引擎再次啟動(dòng)。

  A,幫助警察對(duì)偷車賊發(fā)動(dòng)突然襲擊。在本文的例子中,鎖止器確實(shí)幫了警察這個(gè)忙(he is in for an unwelcome surprise),但很顯然幫警察發(fā)動(dòng)突然襲擊不是它的功能。

  B,使汽車被偷時(shí)自動(dòng)鎖死。Automaticlly,自動(dòng)地。但由第二段signal will tell the control centre to block可知,鎖死汽車的是控制中心,汽車并不是自動(dòng)鎖死的。

  C,它停止時(shí)防止偷車賊重新啟動(dòng)它。這句話應(yīng)該就是出題者心目中的答案。不過(guò)從純語(yǔ)言的角度講,這句話也存在問(wèn)題,問(wèn)題就在于it指代不清。題目問(wèn)的是What’s the function of the remote immobilizer fitted to a car?那么完整的回答就應(yīng)該是the function of the remote immobilizer fitted to a car is to prevent the car thief from restarting it once it stops。在這個(gè)句子中,后面的it不可能是指的car,因?yàn)閏ar是thief的定語(yǔ),不是實(shí)體。按照這句話的結(jié)構(gòu),it指的應(yīng)該是鎖止器,那么C的說(shuō)法就錯(cuò)了。如果出題人能把題支改成To prevent the car thief from restarting the engine once it stops就沒(méi)有問(wèn)題了。

  D,通過(guò)向汽車主人發(fā)送無(wú)線電信號(hào)防止汽車被偷。根據(jù)第三段的`內(nèi)容,無(wú)線電信號(hào)是發(fā)送給了控制中心(signal will tell the control centre to),而不是汽車的主人。

  32. B

  題目問(wèn)Randall所說(shuō)的The pattern of vehicle crime has changed是指什么。

  A,偷車賊偷竊汽車所費(fèi)時(shí)間更長(zhǎng)了。

  B,自行準(zhǔn)備的工具對(duì)于偷竊汽車來(lái)說(shuō)已經(jīng)不夠用了。

  C,竊賊不得不使用電腦技術(shù)。

  D,竊賊已經(jīng)對(duì)偷竊汽車失去興趣超過(guò)十年了。

  對(duì)于理解文中某句話的意義這類題,只能通過(guò)上下文的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行邏輯推理找出答案。這句話的本意是“車輛犯罪的方式已經(jīng)發(fā)生了變化”。Randall說(shuō)出這句話是在第三段中間部分,這一句之前的一句是In the UK, a set of technical fixes is already making life harder for car thieves,意思是在英國(guó),一套技術(shù)裝置已經(jīng)讓偷車賊們感到生活更為艱難了。之后的二句是He says it would only take him a few minutes to teach a person how to steal a car, using a bare minimum of tools. But only if the car is more than 10 years old,意思是一個(gè)偷車賊教會(huì)一個(gè)人用最少的工具偷車只需幾分鐘,但除非那車已經(jīng)是十多年前的了。

  第一句實(shí)際上對(duì)這句話的理解很有幫助,因?yàn)檫@句話里出現(xiàn)了change(變化),而第一句里有harder(更為艱難了),是一個(gè)比較級(jí),含有變化的意思。不過(guò)從這句還看不出這種生活的艱難具體是指什么,而后面兩句顯然是對(duì)此的解釋。“一個(gè)偷車賊教會(huì)一個(gè)人用最少的工具偷車只需幾分鐘”,這里涵蓋的信息的是偷車賊使用很少的工具在很短的時(shí)間就可以偷車成功,相對(duì)于前面的harder,這無(wú)疑是一種輕松的生活!暗悄擒囈呀(jīng)是十多年前的了”,意思是偷車賊的輕松生活只有在十多年前的車上實(shí)現(xiàn),暗含有現(xiàn)在的車已經(jīng)不是那樣了的意思,這里表達(dá)的也是“change”。由此可見,文Randall的這句話意思就是偷車賊已經(jīng)不能像十多年前那樣只用很少的工具很少的時(shí)間就能偷車成功。四個(gè)答案中C和D存在明顯的錯(cuò)誤。A是說(shuō)時(shí)間變長(zhǎng),B是說(shuō)工具不夠用了,這二者中起關(guān)鍵作用的還是工具不夠用,時(shí)間變長(zhǎng)實(shí)際上是工具不夠用的結(jié)果,選擇B更為合理。

  33. A

  題目問(wèn)使一輛現(xiàn)代的轎車更難被偷的根本因素是什么。

  A,加密點(diǎn)火鑰匙。

  B,唯一的身份卡。

  C,特殊的手機(jī)信號(hào)。

  D,GPS衛(wèi)星定位接收器。

  第三段引用Martyn Randall的話指明了當(dāng)代汽車因?yàn)槟撤N技術(shù)裝置而難于被偷的事實(shí),第四段就是對(duì)這種技術(shù)裝置的詳細(xì)說(shuō)明。開頭的一句話就是本題所問(wèn)的問(wèn)題:Modern cars are far tougher to steal, as their engine management computer won’t allow them to start unless they receive a unique ID code beamed out by the ignition key,前半句是題目本身:現(xiàn)在的汽車遠(yuǎn)比以前難偷;而后是單詞as,表示“因?yàn)椤倍皇恰爱?dāng)”,as后面就是理由:“引擎控制系統(tǒng)的電腦不允許汽車發(fā)動(dòng),除非它們接到一個(gè)由點(diǎn)火鑰匙發(fā)出的唯一的身份碼!

  這里沒(méi)有直接提到特殊的手機(jī)信號(hào)和GPS定位系統(tǒng),這二者是在第二段的介紹中出現(xiàn)的,它們是鎖止器系統(tǒng)中的要素,而本段討論的是鎖止器出現(xiàn)之前就已經(jīng)普遍存在的防盜系統(tǒng),正是因?yàn)檫@一系統(tǒng)使一些偷車賊轉(zhuǎn)而去偷鑰匙,最終促使鎖止器系統(tǒng)的出現(xiàn)。

  而在點(diǎn)火鑰匙與身份卡之間,可以判斷出身份卡是由鑰匙發(fā)出的,有了鑰匙就有了身份卡,身份卡不能獨(dú)立于鑰匙而存在,這樣看的話,鑰匙應(yīng)該是核心因素。應(yīng)該選擇A。

  34. D

  題目問(wèn)為什么跟蹤系統(tǒng)要設(shè)置一個(gè)100米的最小行駛量,之后才向操作中心發(fā)出警報(bào)。

  可以看到倒數(shù)第二段說(shuō)明了設(shè)置這個(gè)100米最小行駛量的原因:If the car travels 100 metres without the driver confirming their ID, the system will send a signal to an operations centre that it has been stolen. The hundred metres minimum avoids false alarms due to inaccuracies in the GPS signal。第一句是題干里所述的情況,隨后的一句對(duì)原因進(jìn)行了解釋:一百米的最小量可以防止由GPS不準(zhǔn)確造成的假警報(bào)。

  A,給操作中心發(fā)警報(bào)留出時(shí)間。文中沒(méi)有提到。不過(guò)從邏輯上講,如果跟蹤系統(tǒng)不發(fā)出警報(bào),控制中心是不會(huì)知道汽車被盜的,也就永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)發(fā)出警報(bào),談不上留出時(shí)間。

  B,使警察隨時(shí)獲知汽車的行駛方位。這是全文最后一句提到的內(nèi)容,是在發(fā)出警報(bào)之后的事情了。

  C,給駕駛者留出時(shí)間來(lái)與操作中心聯(lián)系。汽車被盜后的駕駛者顯然是偷車賊,偷車賊會(huì)和操作中心聯(lián)系什么呢?

  D,預(yù)防GPS系統(tǒng)的可能錯(cuò)誤。與前面的分析一致。

  35. B

  題目問(wèn)操作中心在接收到警報(bào)后首先要做的是什么。

  A,啟動(dòng)跟蹤系統(tǒng)。

  B,聯(lián)系車主。

  C,鎖定汽車引擎。

  D,確定丟失車輛的位置。

  倒數(shù)第二段講到車輛被偷后,跟蹤系統(tǒng)會(huì)把被偷的信息發(fā)給操作中心(the system will send a signal to an operations centre that it has been stolen),這就是題目所說(shuō)的操作中心接到了警報(bào)。接下來(lái)的一段講的就是操作中心的反應(yīng):Staff at the centre will then contact the owner to confirm that the car really is missing, and keep police informed of the vehicle’s movements via the car’s GPS unit。一共兩點(diǎn),第一是首先聯(lián)系車主確認(rèn)車輛是否失蹤,然后通過(guò)車上的GPS隨時(shí)把車輛的位置告知警方。可見第一步是聯(lián)系車主,B是正確的。

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