2017年12月四級(jí)閱讀理解練習(xí)題及解析
Passage One
Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.
In this age of Internet chat, videogames and reality television, there is no shortage of mindless activities to keep a child occupied. Yet, despite the competition, my 8-year-old daughter Rebecca wants to spend her leisure time writing short stories. She wants to enter one of her stories into a writing contest, a competition she won last year.
As a writer I know about winning contests, and about losing them. I know what it is like to work hard on a story only to receive a rejection slip from the publisher. I also know the pressures of trying to live up to a reputation created by previous victories. What if she doesn’t win the contest again? That’s the strange thing about being a parent. So many of our own past scars and dashed hopes can surface.
A revelation (啟示) came last week when I asked her, “Don’t you want to win again?” “No,” she replied, “I just want to tell the story of an angel going to first grade.”
I had just spent weeks correcting her stories as she spontaneously (自發(fā)地) told them. Telling myself that I was merely an experienced writer guiding the young writer across the hall, I offered suggestions for characters, conflicts and endings for her tales. The story about a fearful angel starting first grade was quickly “guided” by me into the tale of a little girl with a wild imagination taking her first music lesson. I had turned her contest into my contest without even realizing it.
Staying back and giving kids space to grow is not as easy as it looks. Because I know very little about farm animals who use tools or angels who go to first grade, I had to accept the fact that I was co-opting (借用) my daughter’s experience.
While stepping back was difficult for me, it was certainly a good first step that I will quickly follow with more steps, putting myself far enough away to give her room but close enough to help if asked. All the while I will be reminding myself that children need room to experiment, grow and find their own voices.
注意：此部分試題請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡2上作答。
57. What do we learn from the first paragraph?
A) A lot of distractions compete for children’s time nowadays.
B) Children do find lots of fun in many mindless activities.
C) Rebecca is much too occupied to enjoy her leisure time.
D) Rebecca draws on a lot of online materials for her writing.
58. What did the author say about her own writing experience?
A) She was constantly under pressure of writing more.
B) Most of her stories had been rejected by publishers.
C) She did not quite live up to her reputation as a writer.
D) Her way to success was full of pains and frustrations.
59. Why did Rebecca want to enter this year’s writing contest?
A) She had won a prize in the previous contest.
B) She wanted to share her stories with readers.
C) She was sure of winning with her mother’s help.
D) She believed she possessed real talent for writing.
60. The author took great pains to refine her daughter’s stories because ________.
A) she wanted to help Rebecca realize her dream of becoming a writer
B) she was afraid Rebecca’s imagination might run wild while writing
C) she did not want to disappoint Rebecca who needed her help so much
D) she believed she had the knowledge and experience to offer guidance
61. What’s the author’s advice for parents?
A) Children should be given every chance to voice their opinions.
B) Parents should keep an eye on the activities their kids engage in.
C) Children should be allowed freedom to grow through experience.
D) A writing career, though attractive, is not for every child to pursue.
解析
這篇文章講述了一個(gè)作家母親指導(dǎo)女兒寫作的故事，通過(guò)作者的親身經(jīng)歷向人們揭示出當(dāng)今社會(huì)的子女教育問(wèn)題。這種個(gè)人化風(fēng)格較強(qiáng)的文章在以學(xué)術(shù)性、科技類、說(shuō) 明性文章為主要材料來(lái)源的四級(jí)閱讀題中還是比較少見(jiàn)的;但文章的中心思想還是借作者的個(gè)人故事向人們揭示社會(huì)問(wèn)題，具有較強(qiáng)的實(shí)用性。
全文一共六個(gè)自然段，第一段交待了女兒忙于參加寫作比賽的事實(shí);第二段作者回顧了自身寫作歷程的艱辛，引出要為女兒修改作文的動(dòng)機(jī);第三、四、五段詳細(xì)講述 了作者修改女兒作文的過(guò)程，作者最終的失敗使其對(duì)子女教育問(wèn)題有所領(lǐng)悟;最后一段，作者具體說(shuō)明了父母應(yīng)該如何幫助子女成長(zhǎng)的觀點(diǎn)。
這篇文章個(gè)人寫作風(fēng)格明顯，語(yǔ)言平易，因而詞匯量不大，句子結(jié)構(gòu)也較簡(jiǎn)單，理解起來(lái)并不存在太大的問(wèn)題，較少見(jiàn)到明顯的疑難部分。
57. A
題目問(wèn)從第一段可以得知什么。第一段的大意如下：在這個(gè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)聊天、視頻游戲和電視真人秀的時(shí)代，供孩子們消遣的無(wú)聊活動(dòng)當(dāng)然也不會(huì)少。但我8歲的女兒麗貝卡卻把空閑時(shí)間用來(lái)寫短篇小說(shuō)。她想要拿出一篇小說(shuō)來(lái)參加一個(gè)寫作大賽。在去年的上一屆比賽中，她獲得了優(yōu)勝。
A，如今大量娛樂(lè)活動(dòng)在為兒童競(jìng)爭(zhēng)(即現(xiàn)在的兒童有充足的娛樂(lè)活動(dòng))。文章開篇的In this age of 詞組與A中的nowadays在時(shí)間上相互呼應(yīng)。there is no shortage of mindless activities to keep a child occupied中的 shortage是“少”的意思，但no shortage of并不僅指有一些，而是“較為豐富”，如there is no shortage of tall buildings here，這里的高樓可不少。從這一句可以看出，供孩子們消遣娛樂(lè)的活動(dòng)確實(shí)很多，可以由此推出A的結(jié)論。
B，孩子們確實(shí)在許多無(wú)聊活動(dòng)中得到了樂(lè)趣。作者只是指出供孩子選擇的娛樂(lè)活動(dòng)很多，但沒(méi)有指明孩子們是否從中得到了樂(lè)趣。從mindless(沒(méi)頭腦的, 不用腦子的)一詞可以看出，作者對(duì)這些活動(dòng)至少是持有懷疑態(tài)度的。另外，從文中可知作者的女兒對(duì)這些活動(dòng)沒(méi)有興趣，當(dāng)然也談不上樂(lè)趣，可以作為一個(gè)反例。
C，麗貝卡太忙而不能享受空余時(shí)間。文中只說(shuō)麗貝卡把空閑時(shí)間用來(lái)寫小說(shuō)，是不是真的太忙不能確定。另外寫小說(shuō)本身也許即是麗貝卡的享受空閑時(shí)間的方式，那樣的話她也就是在完全地享受自己的空閑時(shí)間，C的敘述不對(duì)。
D，麗貝卡從網(wǎng)絡(luò)上汲取了很多寫作材料。這句話和文意相去甚遠(yuǎn)，只要理解了第一段的意思，相信排除該選項(xiàng)不會(huì)太難。
58. D
題目問(wèn)作者講了自己的哪些寫作經(jīng)歷。
作者介紹自己的寫作經(jīng)歷是在文章的第二段前半部分。大意是：“作為一個(gè)作家，我享受過(guò)奪得競(jìng)賽優(yōu)勝的喜悅，也品嘗過(guò)失敗的滋味。我知道辛辛苦苦寫出來(lái)一個(gè)故事、結(jié)果卻得到一張出版商的退稿信時(shí)的感受。我同樣知道奪得優(yōu)勝后再想保住這份榮譽(yù)的壓力�！�
A，她經(jīng)常處在要寫作更多作品的壓力之下。文中只說(shuō)作者在衛(wèi)冕比賽優(yōu)勝時(shí)有壓力，而不是寫作新作品時(shí)，因此A的說(shuō)法不對(duì)。
B，她大部分小說(shuō)都被出版商退稿了。文中說(shuō)作者的稿件被退過(guò)，沒(méi)有提到是否大部分都被退稿。從文章大體可以推斷出作者是一個(gè)成功的作家，一個(gè)成功作家不可能大部分作品都被退稿。
C，作為作家，她對(duì)保住榮譽(yù)并不在意。從I also know the pressure of trying to live up to a reputation created by previous victories一句可以看出，作者為保住榮譽(yù)承受過(guò)很大壓力，C的說(shuō)法與文意恰好相反。
D，她的成功之路充滿痛苦和挫折。根據(jù)第二段前半部分的敘述可知，作者品嘗過(guò)失敗，體驗(yàn)過(guò)小說(shuō)被退稿的感受，承受過(guò)保住榮譽(yù)的壓力，恰好可以由D的說(shuō)法來(lái)概括。
59. B
題目問(wèn)麗貝卡想要參加今年的寫作比賽的原因。
A，她在上一屆比賽中獲得了優(yōu)勝。言下之意是她是為了衛(wèi)冕而參加比賽，但文中的對(duì)話“Don’t you want to win again?” “No,”顯示，麗貝卡對(duì)能否奪冠并不在意。因此A的說(shuō)法站不住腳。
B，她想和讀者分享她的故事。文中有一句話――she replied, “I just want to tell the story of an angel going to first grade.”意思是她想告訴人們一個(gè)上小學(xué)一年級(jí)的天使的故事，也即想與人們(至少是讀到它的人)分享這個(gè)故事，這與B的說(shuō)法是一致的。
C，她自信在媽媽的幫助下可以獲得優(yōu)勝。這一點(diǎn)與文意不符。首先，從對(duì)A的分析可知，她并不在意是否獲得優(yōu)勝;其次，從文中大體可知她早已決定參加比賽，媽媽的幫助應(yīng)該是后來(lái)的事情，那么在決定參加比賽時(shí)她就不一定考慮過(guò)媽媽的幫助。
D，她相信自己具備真正的寫作才能。文章沒(méi)有任何一處地方提及類似內(nèi)容，也就無(wú)從判斷是否如此，因此不能選D。
60. D
題目問(wèn)作者花費(fèi)了很多心力去修改女兒的故事，原因是什么。
文章講述作者幫助女兒修改文章是在第四段，開頭便說(shuō)：I had just spent weeks correcting her stories as she spontaneously told them，我用了幾個(gè)星期幫她修改文章。之后則敘述了作者如何幫助女兒修改文章。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)的意思是：
A，她想幫助麗貝卡實(shí)現(xiàn)當(dāng)作家的夢(mèng)想。
B，她擔(dān)心麗貝卡寫作時(shí)的想象力過(guò)于狂野。
C，她不想在麗貝卡如此渴望幫助時(shí)使她失望。
D，她相信自己的`知識(shí)和經(jīng)驗(yàn)可以提供指導(dǎo)。
很多人認(rèn)為答案是A，但存在兩個(gè)疑點(diǎn)，第一，文中并未指明麗貝卡有當(dāng)作家的夢(mèng)想，從文中可知她寫作的目的只是要分享她的故事而已，甚至連寫作比賽的優(yōu)勝都不在意。文中雖有g(shù)uiding the young writer across the hall這句，似乎作者是想把女兒培養(yǎng)成作家，但這只是作者為了說(shuō)明自己當(dāng)時(shí)的心情而打的比方而已。第二，即便有這樣的夢(mèng)想，也不可能僅僅通過(guò)修改一篇作文就能實(shí)現(xiàn)。因此A并不正確。
B所說(shuō)的想象力過(guò)于豐富和C所說(shuō)的女兒非常需要作者的幫助，這些在文中都沒(méi)有交代過(guò)，可以說(shuō)是生造出來(lái)的，可以排除。
第四段第二句說(shuō)作者自認(rèn)為是一個(gè)有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的作家，之后寫到女兒的作品被作者按自己的經(jīng)驗(yàn)、想法改造成了另外一個(gè)故事，進(jìn)而把比賽當(dāng)成了自己的比賽。由此可見(jiàn)，作者當(dāng)初之所以要主動(dòng)指導(dǎo)女兒，是自信自己的知識(shí)和經(jīng)驗(yàn)可以對(duì)女兒提供幫助，只是結(jié)果不盡如人意。D的敘述是正確的。
61. C
題目問(wèn)作者給了父母?jìng)兡男┙ㄗh。給出建議是第四段的內(nèi)容，這段的大意是：第一步，我不再干擾孩子，而后，給她空間的同時(shí)又能在需要時(shí)隨時(shí)提供幫助。作者隨時(shí)提醒自己，孩子需要嘗試、成長(zhǎng)以及表達(dá)自我的空間。
A，孩子應(yīng)被給予每一個(gè)表達(dá)自我的機(jī)會(huì)。原文說(shuō)要給予孩子表達(dá)自我的空間，既然使用了“空間”一詞，也就意味著不是所有的機(jī)會(huì)都可以交給孩子。而A暗含的意思是無(wú)論孩子想要表達(dá)什么，都不要有所限制，與文意并不相符。
B，父母應(yīng)該密切關(guān)注孩子們參與的活動(dòng)。文中作者給出的建議是給孩子留有空間，又不離得太遠(yuǎn)，使得在他們需要幫助時(shí)可以隨時(shí)提供幫助。而B中的keep an eye是始終密切關(guān)注的意思，與文意不符。
C，孩子應(yīng)被給予通過(guò)經(jīng)歷實(shí)現(xiàn)成長(zhǎng)的自由。第四段里的children need room to experiment是這句話的最好注解。
D，寫作這個(gè)職業(yè)雖然吸引人，但并不是所有的孩子都適合去追求。作者的建議是關(guān)于子女教育問(wèn)題的，并沒(méi)有評(píng)價(jià)寫作作為職業(yè)是否適合所有孩子的問(wèn)題。
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