2016年6月英語(yǔ)四級(jí)翻譯備考練習(xí)題

　　一、魯迅

　　話題材料：

　　魯迅是作家周樹(shù)人的筆名，生于1881年，其家庭有深厚的儒家背景(Confucian background)。由于家道中落，魯迅的童年充滿了苦難。1904年，他去了日本仙臺(tái)學(xué)醫(yī)，但很快意識(shí)到中國(guó)對(duì)“精神醫(yī)學(xué)”的需要遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過(guò)治療身體疾病的需要。因此，魯迅在1906年回到東京，決定放棄醫(yī)學(xué)，投身于教育和文學(xué)事業(yè)。他一直被視為中國(guó)20世紀(jì)最偉大的現(xiàn)代作家。毛主席稱他為“中國(guó)文化革命的主將”。

　　參考譯文：

　　Lu Xun is the pen name of the writer born as ZhouShuren in 1881 in a family with a deep Conflicianbackground. Owing to the decline of his familyfortunes, Lu Xun‘s childhood was filled withhardship. In 1904, he went to Sendai, in Japan, tostudy medicine, but he soon realized that China needed far more“spiritual medicine”, thantreatment for physical ills.Therefore, he returned to Tokyo in 1906, and decided to give upstudying medicine and devote himself to education and literature. Lu Xun has been consideredas China's greatest modern writer during the 20th century.Chairman Mao called him“commander of China's cultural revolution” .

　　1.魯迅是作家周樹(shù)人的筆名，生于1881年，其家庭有深厚的儒家背景：“筆名” 可譯為penname.句中的“有”可用with來(lái)翻譯，所以“有深厚的儒家背景”就是：with a deepConfucian background.

　　2.因此，魯迅在1906年回到東京，決定放棄醫(yī)學(xué)，投身于教育和文學(xué)事業(yè)：“投身于”可譯為devote oneself to，devote意為“投身、貢獻(xiàn)”。

　　3.毛主席稱他為“中國(guó)文化革命的主將”：“稱”可譯為call， call可以跟雙賓語(yǔ)，常用表達(dá)是call sb. sth.“中國(guó)文化革命的主將”可譯為commander of China‘s cultural revolution.

　　二、城隍廟

　　話題材料：

　　中國(guó)的很多城鎮(zhèn)都有自己的城隍爺(Cheng-huang god)來(lái)保護(hù)。許多城隍爺來(lái)源于他們所保護(hù)的城鎮(zhèn)的真實(shí)人物。這些人物在世時(shí)很有名。當(dāng)敵人襲擊他們時(shí)，城隍爺會(huì)保護(hù)城鎮(zhèn)的城墻，還會(huì)確保閻王爺(the King of the Dead)不經(jīng)他的允許不能帶走任何人的靈魂。如果城鎮(zhèn)里有人在做壞事，城隍爺就會(huì)托夢(mèng)告訴你是誰(shuí)在做壞事，這樣你就可以阻止他們了。

　　參考譯文：

　　Many towns in China had their own Cheng-huang gods to protect the towns.Many of Cheng-huang gods were based on real men from the towns they protected. These men had been well known while they were alive. Cheng-huang gods protected the walls of the town when enemies were attacking the town. He also made sure the King of the Dead didn't take any souls away without his permission. If anyone was doing anything bad in the town, Cheng-huang god would appear in your dream and make a request, telling you who it was, then you could stop them.

　　1.許多城隍爺來(lái)源于他們所保護(hù)的城鎮(zhèn)的真實(shí)人物：該句關(guān)鍵在于“來(lái)源于”的翻譯，這里要表達(dá)的意思是“某形象根據(jù)真實(shí)人物來(lái)塑造”，故可譯為sb.be based on sb.。

　　2.當(dāng)敵人襲擊他們時(shí)，城隍爺會(huì)保護(hù)城鎮(zhèn)的城墻，還會(huì)確保閻王爺不經(jīng)他的允許不能帶走任何人的靈魂：該句偏長(zhǎng)，可以翻譯為兩個(gè)句子。第一句即“當(dāng)敵人襲擊他們時(shí)，城隍爺會(huì)保護(hù)城鎮(zhèn)的城墻”，其中后半部分可譯為主句，前半部分可譯為以when引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句;“確保”可譯為made sure，“不經(jīng)他的允許”可譯為without hispermission，“帶走任何人的靈魂可以用take短語(yǔ)來(lái)表示，即take any souls away.

　　三、本草綱目

　　話題材料：

　　《本草綱目》(The Compendium of Materia Medica)是明代(the Ming Dynasty)著名的醫(yī)學(xué)家李時(shí)珍所著。這部著作近乎200萬(wàn)字，記載藥物(medical substance) 1892種。除了中草藥(Chinese herhal medicine)，該書也包含了動(dòng)物和礦物質(zhì)作為藥物的記載�！侗静菥V目》堪稱中醫(yī)史上最完整的醫(yī)書，對(duì)各種藥物的名稱、氣味、形態(tài)等都做了詳盡的介紹。它被翻譯成20多種語(yǔ)言并在全世界廣為流傳。即便現(xiàn)在，人們還常常將它用作醫(yī)學(xué)參考書。

　　參考譯文：

　　1.第1句中“著名的醫(yī)學(xué)家”和“李時(shí)珍”所指為同一個(gè)人，故將前者處理為后者的同位語(yǔ)，表達(dá)為L(zhǎng)i Shizhen，a famous medical scientist.

　　2.第2句為并列的兩個(gè)漢語(yǔ)短句，合為一句翻譯的處理辦法是將其中一個(gè)句子“介詞化”，將前半句用介詞短語(yǔ)With almost 2 million Chinese characters來(lái)表達(dá)，符合英語(yǔ)中多用介詞短語(yǔ)的表達(dá)習(xí)慣。句首的“這部著作”(the book)移到第2個(gè)分句中作主語(yǔ)。

　　3.第3句中的“作為藥物的`”可處理為“動(dòng)物和礦物質(zhì)”的后置定語(yǔ)，用過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)used as medical substances表被動(dòng)。

　　4.第4句“《本草綱目》堪稱……最完整的醫(yī)書，對(duì)各種藥物……做了詳盡的介紹”可直譯為并列結(jié)構(gòu)The book is regarded as…and introduces in detail…，但因句子成分太多而顯繁冗，故可對(duì)該句進(jìn)行拆譯，處理成兩個(gè)獨(dú)立的句子。第2個(gè)分句“對(duì)各種藥物……做了詳盡的介紹”可增譯主語(yǔ) the book，也可轉(zhuǎn)換賓語(yǔ)“介紹”(introduction)為主語(yǔ)，用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，整句譯作 Detailed introductions…are given…，including…。

　　5.最后一句可按漢語(yǔ)句式直譯為Even now people still often use it as a reference book in medicine，但如將主語(yǔ)轉(zhuǎn)換成it，將句子轉(zhuǎn)換成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，則能與全文的論述視角更為統(tǒng)一。

　　The Compendium of Materia Medica is written by LiShizhen, a famous medical scientist in the MingDynasty. With almost 2 million Chinese characters, the book lists 1,892 kinds of medical substances.Besides Chinese herbal medicines, it includes animalsand minerals used as medical substances. TheCompendium of Materia Medica is regarded as the most complete medical book in the history oftraditional Chinese medicine. Detailed introductions of all the medical substances are given inthe book, including name, smell, appearance, etc. It has been translated into more than 20languages and spreads all over the world. Even now it is still often used as a reference book inmedicine.

　　四、龍門石窟

　　話題材料：

　　龍門石窟(Longmen Grottoes)坐落于洛陽(yáng)市南。它和云岡石窟(Yungang Caves)、莫髙窟(Mogao Caves)被視為中國(guó)最著名的三大石窟。許多關(guān)于藝術(shù)、音樂(lè)、宗教、書法、醫(yī)藥、服裝和建筑的歷史資料都保存在龍門石窟里。龍門石窟1400個(gè)洞穴內(nèi)有多達(dá)10萬(wàn)座雕像，雕像髙度從1英寸到57英尺不等。這些作品完全致力于佛教主題，代表了中國(guó)石刻藝術(shù)的巔峰。

　　參考譯文：

　　Longmen Grottoes are located in the south of Luoyang city.Longmen Grottoes, Yungang Caves and Mogao Caves are regarded as three most famous grottoes in China.Lots of historical materials concerning art, music, religion, calligraphy, medicine, costume and architecture are kept in Longmen Grottoes. There are as many as 100,000 statues within the 1,400 caves, ranging from 1 inch to 57 feet in height.These works that are entirely devoted to the Buddhist religion, represent the peakedness of Chinese stone carving art.

　　1.龍門石窟坐落于洛陽(yáng)市南：其中“石窟”也就是“洞穴”，可譯為grotto，它變復(fù)教時(shí)要加es.“坐落于”可譯為be locatedin，locate意為“坐落于，確定…的位置”。

　　2.它和云岡石窟、莫高窟被視為中國(guó)最著名的三大石窟：其中“被視為”可譯為be regarded as，也可用be consideredas或be seen as來(lái)表示。

　　3.這些作品完全致力于佛教主題，代表了中國(guó)石刻藝術(shù)的巔峰：其中“致力于”可譯為be devoted to，devote意為“奉獻(xiàn)，把……專用于”，devote oneself to 意為“獻(xiàn)身于;沉溺于”。“代表”可譯為represent，stand for也有“代表”的意思;前者多指實(shí)體代表，后者多指抽象物體代表。“巔峰”可譯為peakedness.