2016年6月英語(yǔ)四級(jí)翻譯練習(xí)及譯文
話題一:保健品
話題材料:
隨著生活水平的提高,保健品(health care products)日益受到中國(guó)人的喜愛(ài)。人們花費(fèi)大量金錢(qián)來(lái)購(gòu)買(mǎi)能量飲料、維生素藥片和美容飲品。這些保健品宣稱(chēng)含有抗氧化物(antioxidants),能使人增強(qiáng)體質(zhì)、延緩衰老。 然而,最近有研究表明抗氧化物可能只是一個(gè)醫(yī)學(xué)童話。幾乎沒(méi)有什么數(shù)據(jù)可以證明抗氧化物可以預(yù)防疾病。 專(zhuān)家認(rèn)為,要打抗氧化作用(oxidative stress),就要多運(yùn)動(dòng),多吃水果和蔬菜。
參考譯文:
1.第1句中,“隨著生活水平的提高”是狀語(yǔ),可語(yǔ)為狀語(yǔ)從句as the living standards improve,也可譯為介詞短語(yǔ)with the improvement of the living standards:“保健品H益受到中國(guó)人的喜愛(ài)”是句中的主體,翻譯時(shí),可沿用漢語(yǔ)句中的表達(dá)結(jié)構(gòu),譯為health care products become increasingly popular with Chinese people,也可將主語(yǔ)轉(zhuǎn)換為中國(guó)人(Chinese people),將保健品轉(zhuǎn)換為賓語(yǔ),譯為Chinese people tend to welcome health care products.
2.第2句中的謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)“花費(fèi)大量金錢(qián)來(lái)購(gòu)買(mǎi)……”可套用英講常用表達(dá)spend time/money (in) doing sth.,譯為spend quite a large sum of money (in) buying.
3.第3句“這些保健品宜稱(chēng)古有抗氧化物,能使人……”中包含3個(gè)動(dòng)詞,如果逐字對(duì)譯為T(mén)hese health care products claim that they contain…and make people…則稍顯生硬。分析該句可知,“能使人增強(qiáng)體質(zhì)、延緩衰老”說(shuō)的是抗氧化物(antioxidante)的作用,故在翻譯時(shí),可將其轉(zhuǎn)譯成抗氧化物的定語(yǔ)從句。
4.第5句的前半部分的“幾乎沒(méi)有什么數(shù)椐”可處理成There be結(jié)構(gòu),“幾乎沒(méi)有”用little表達(dá);可以證明抗氧化物可以預(yù)防疾病“是補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明”數(shù)椐“的情況,可用分詞短語(yǔ)supporting…表達(dá),其中的”抗氧化物可以……“說(shuō)的是抗氧化物的作用,譯作名詞短語(yǔ)the use of antioxidants to…簡(jiǎn)潔明了,”可以預(yù)防疾病“表目的,用不定式短語(yǔ)to protect against diseases 來(lái)表達(dá)。
Chinese people tend to welcome health careproducts as the living standards improve. Theywould spend quite a large sum of money buyingenergy drinks, vitamin pills and beauty drinks. Thesehealth care products claim that they contain theantioxidants which could build bodies and slow aging.However, recent studies show that antioxidants may be just a medical fairy tale. There is littledata supporting the use of antioxidants to protect against diseases. Experts say that to fightoxidative stress, people need to do more exercise and eat more fruits and vegetables.
話題二:中國(guó)房地產(chǎn)
話題材料:
過(guò)去十年中國(guó)房地產(chǎn)(real estate)行業(yè)高速發(fā)展。但是,對(duì)很多人來(lái)說(shuō),買(mǎi)房卻不是一件容易的事情。高昂的房?jī)r(jià)甚至使一些年輕情侶推遲了結(jié)婚的計(jì)劃。鑒于此種情況,近年來(lái)政府采取了一系列的措施來(lái)抑制房?jī)r(jià)過(guò)快增長(zhǎng),包括整頓和規(guī)范房地產(chǎn)市場(chǎng)、提高房貸利率(mortgage rate)、增設(shè)房產(chǎn)稅(property tax)。目前,這些措施在部分城市取得了初步成效。
參考譯文:
1.第1句可直譯為 For the past decade, China's realestate developed rapidly,但如果以時(shí)間“過(guò)去十年”作為句子主語(yǔ),套用句型time + see/witness + sth.則表達(dá)更加生動(dòng)形象。此時(shí)see/witness表“經(jīng)歷,以……為特點(diǎn)”之義。本句可譯為T(mén)he past decade has witnessed…。
2.第2句中的“買(mǎi)房卻不是一件容易的事情” 可譯為buying ahouse is not an easy thing,但套用it is + a. + to dosth.句型來(lái)翻譯“做某事是怎么樣的”會(huì)更符合英文的表達(dá)習(xí)慣,故該句宜譯作it is quite difficult for manypeople to buy a house.
3.在第4句中,“鑒于此種情況”既可直譯為In view of the situation,也可譯為Given this situation,或是根據(jù)上下文轉(zhuǎn)譯為For this reason.“來(lái)抑制房?jī)r(jià)球快增長(zhǎng)目的,故用不定式短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ),譯作to preventthe housing price from rising too fast:”包括整頓……“起補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明的作用,可譯為 includingregulating…。
4.在翻譯最后一句時(shí),應(yīng)轉(zhuǎn)換主語(yǔ)為“初步成效”,用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)譯出更符合英文表達(dá)習(xí)慣,譯作preliminaryeffects have been achieved…。狀語(yǔ)“在部分城市”表達(dá)為in some cities,置于句末。
The past decade has witnessed a high-speeddevelopment in China's real estate. But it is quite formany people to buy a house. The high housing priceeven makes some young couples their plan formarriage. In view of the situation, the governmenthas adopted a series of measures in recent years toprevent the housing price from rising too fast, including regulating and the real estate market, raising mortgage rates, and introducing property tax. At present, preliminary effects havebeen achieved in some cities.
話題三:中國(guó)畫(huà)
話題材料:
國(guó)畫(huà)是中國(guó)文化遺產(chǎn)的重要組成部分。不同于西方畫(huà),它是用毛筆(Chinese brush)和墨汁在宣紙(xuan paper)上作畫(huà)的。精通這門(mén)藝術(shù)需要不斷重復(fù)的練習(xí), 需要控制好毛筆,需要對(duì)宣紙和墨汁有一定的認(rèn)識(shí)。繪畫(huà)前,畫(huà)家必須在腦海里有一個(gè)草圖并根據(jù)他的想象力和經(jīng)驗(yàn)進(jìn)行繪畫(huà)。許多中國(guó)畫(huà)家既是詩(shī)人,又是書(shū)法家。他們經(jīng)常會(huì)在自己的畫(huà)上親手添加詩(shī)作。
參考譯文:
Chinese painting is an important part of thecountry's cultural heritage. It distinguishes itselffrom Western painting in that it is drawn on xuanpaper with the Chinese brush and Chinese ink. Toattain proficiency in this art, it is necessary to havea good control of the brush, and certain knowledge of xuan paper and Chinese ink besidesrepeated exercises.Before painting, the painter must have a draft in his mind and drawaccording to his imagination and experience. Many a Chinese painter is at the same time a poetand calligrapher who often adds a poem with his own hand on the painting.
1.不同于西方畫(huà),它是用毛筆和墨汁在宣紙上作畫(huà)的:“不同于”可譯為distinguish oneself from sth.,也可用bedifferent from 表示。“毛筆和墨汁”可譯為the Chinesebrush and Chinese ink,此處可同用一個(gè)冠詞表示整體:“用”可用介詞with,表示方式。
2.精通這門(mén)藝術(shù)需要不斷重復(fù)的'練習(xí),需要控制好毛筆,需要對(duì)宣紙和墨汁有一定的認(rèn)識(shí):“精通這門(mén)藝術(shù)”可譯為toattain proficiency in this art,attain意為“獲得、獲取”,proficiency意為“精通、熟練”。“需要控制好毛筆,需要對(duì)宣紙和墨汁有一定的認(rèn)識(shí)”,該句可理解為 “控制好毛筆和認(rèn)識(shí)宣紙、墨汁也是必要的”。
話題四:指南針
話題材料:
中國(guó)是世界上公認(rèn)發(fā)明指南針的國(guó)家。早在2400多年前,中國(guó)人就創(chuàng)造出世界上最早的指南針。后來(lái)經(jīng)過(guò)不斷改進(jìn),到宋朝(the Song Dynasty)人們制造出鐵針指南針并應(yīng)用于航海。中國(guó)是第一個(gè)在海船上使用指南針的國(guó)家。指南針為明代(the Ming Dynasty)鄭和下西洋提供了條件。后來(lái)指南針傳入歐洲,推動(dòng)了歐洲航海事業(yè)的發(fā)展為,哥倫布(Columbus)的航行提供了技術(shù)保證。
參考譯文:
1.第1句中的“發(fā)明指南針的”可處理成后置定語(yǔ),用現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)having invented the compass來(lái)表達(dá),也可用定語(yǔ)從句which has invented…來(lái)表達(dá)。
2.翻譯第3句中的“后來(lái)經(jīng)過(guò)不斷改進(jìn)”時(shí),宜加上主語(yǔ)“指南針”,而由于前一句的靠后部分已出現(xiàn)過(guò) compass,故這里可用it來(lái)作主語(yǔ)。“到宋朝人們制造出鐵針指南針并應(yīng)用于航海”可用并列結(jié)構(gòu)為 people produced…and applied it in…。“鐵針指南針”可表達(dá)為 compass with iron needles.
3.第4句中的“在海船上使用指南針的”較長(zhǎng),宜將其處理成后置定語(yǔ),用現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)using the compass來(lái)表達(dá),其中“在海船上”為狀語(yǔ),譯作on sea-going ships,按照英語(yǔ)表達(dá)習(xí)慣,置于句末。
4.最后一句中有3個(gè)動(dòng)作,“指南針傳人……,推動(dòng)了……,……提供了……”,仔細(xì)分析可發(fā)現(xiàn),“推動(dòng)了”和 “提供了”是結(jié)果,故將“指南針傳人……”作句子主干,“推動(dòng)了……,提供了……”用現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)來(lái)表達(dá), 作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ),譯作 the compass spread into Eurpe, promoting…and guaranteeing…。
China is universally recognized as the country having invented the compass. As early as 2,400 years ago, Chinese people created the earliest compass in the world. Later it was further improved continuously. During the Song Dynasty, people produced the compass with iron needles and applied it in navigation. China is the first country using the compass on seagoing ships. The compass provided aid for Zheng He's voyages to the Western Ocean in the Ming Dynasty. Later the compass spread into Europe, promoting the development of the European marine industey and guaranteeing technical support for Columbus' navigation.
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