2013年12月英語(yǔ)四級(jí)沖刺練習(xí)題（閱讀理解）
In bringing up children, every parent watches eagerly the child's acquisition(學(xué)會(huì)) of each new skill the first spoken words, the first independent steps, or the beginning of reading and writing.It is often tempting to hurry the child beyond his natural learning rate, but this can set up dangerous feelings of failure and states of worry in the child.This might happen at any stage. A baby might be forced to use a toilet too early, a young child might be encouraged to learn to read before he knows the meaning of the words he reads. On the other hand, though, if a child is left alone too much, or without any learning opportunities,he loses his natural enthusiasm for life and his desire to find out new things for himself.?
Parents vary greatly in their degree of strictness towards their children. Some
may be especially strict in money matters. Others are sever over times of coming home at night or punctuality for meals. In general, the controls imposed represent the needs of the parents and the values of the community as much as the child's own happiness. ?
As regards the development of moral standards in the growing child, consistency
is very important in parental teaching. To forbid a thing one day and excuse it the next is no foundation for morality(道德). Also, parents should realize that"example is better than precept". If they are not sincere and do not practise what they preach (說(shuō)教), their children may grow confused, and emotionally insecure when they grow old enough to think for themselves, and realize they have been to some extent fooled.
A sudden awareness of a marked difference between their parents' principles and
their morals can be a dangerous disappointment.
這是一篇議論文，闡述了作者關(guān)于兒童早期教育的觀點(diǎn)。
11. Eagerly watching the child's acquisition of new skills ______ .
A) should be avoided
B) is universal among parents
C) sets up dangerous states of worry in the child
D) Will make him lose interest in learning new things
[答案及分析]：[B]事實(shí)判斷題。問(wèn)哪個(gè)備選題與題干組成的句子是一個(gè)正確的陳述。A項(xiàng)意為“急切地希望孩子學(xué)會(huì)新的技能的心情應(yīng)該避免”。 B項(xiàng)意為“渴望孩子學(xué)會(huì)新的技能是父母的普遍心理”。C項(xiàng)意為“父母急切地希望孩子學(xué)會(huì)新技能會(huì)造成孩子的焦慮狀態(tài)，這很危險(xiǎn)。”D項(xiàng)意為“急于讓孩子掌握新技能會(huì)使孩子失去學(xué)習(xí)新東西的興趣。”根據(jù)文章第一句可知B項(xiàng)正確。A、C、D三項(xiàng)都似是而非，并非文章原意。
12. In the process of children's learning new skills parents ______ .
A)should encourage them to read before they know the meaning of the words they read
B) should not expect too much of them
C) should achieve a balance between pushing them too hard and leaving them on
their own
D) should create as many learning opportunities as possible
[答案及分析]：[C]歸納事實(shí)題。問(wèn)在孩子學(xué)習(xí)技能的時(shí)候，父母應(yīng)該如何。根據(jù)第一段可知，A項(xiàng)與文章原意恰好相反，文章本意是說(shuō)“若讓孩子讀自己讀不懂的東西會(huì)給孩子造成失敗感和焦慮感”。B項(xiàng)是說(shuō)“在孩子學(xué)習(xí)新技能的過(guò)程中，父母不應(yīng)該對(duì)其期望太多”。文章中實(shí)際上并沒(méi)有這個(gè)意思，其原意是還要違背學(xué)習(xí)的自然規(guī)律讓孩子掌握新技能。這跟B項(xiàng)意思還是有區(qū)別的。D項(xiàng)的意思在文章中找不到。所以，只有C項(xiàng)合適。
13. The second paragraph mainly tells us that ______ .
A) parents should be strict with their children
B) parental controls reflect only the needs of the parents and the values of the
community
C) parental restrictions vary, and are not always enforced for the benefit of the
children alone
D) parents vary in their strictness towards their children according to the
situation
[答案及分析]：[C]主旨題。問(wèn)第二段主要內(nèi)容是什么。第二段說(shuō)：父母對(duì)其孩子的要求的嚴(yán)格程度差異很大。有些父母在錢上對(duì)孩子管束極嚴(yán)，有些則嚴(yán)格要求孩子晚上回家的`時(shí)間或是要求其按時(shí)吃飯�？傊麄儗�(duì)孩子的管束不僅是為了孩子自身的幸福，也代替著父母的需要和社會(huì)價(jià)值觀。據(jù)此不難判斷C 項(xiàng)最準(zhǔn)確。
14. The word "precept"( Line 3, Para. 3) probably means "______ ".
A) idea B) punishment C) behaviour D) instruction
[答案及分析]：[D]理解題。問(wèn)第三段第三行中“precept”一詞是什么意思。根據(jù)上下文，我們可以猜測(cè)到它應(yīng)該跟下句中的“preach(說(shuō)教)”意思差不多。所以選D。
15. In moral matters, parents should _______ .
A) observe the rules themselves
B) be aware of the marked difference between adults and children
C) forbid things which have no foundation in morality
D) consistently ensure the security of their children
[答案及分析]：[A]事實(shí)辨認(rèn)題。問(wèn)在道德方面，父母應(yīng)該如何。A項(xiàng)意為“自己遵守道德規(guī)則”。B項(xiàng)意為“意識(shí)到成人和兒童之間的顯著區(qū)別”。C項(xiàng)意為“對(duì)沒(méi)有道德基礎(chǔ)的事情加以禁止”。D項(xiàng)意為“始終如一地確保自己孩子的安全”。根據(jù)第三段的內(nèi)容，易知A正確。
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