2015年6月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)閱讀模擬練習(xí)題

　　Social change is more likely to occur in societies where there is a mixture of different kinds of people than in societies where people are similar in many ways. The simple reason for this is that there are more different ways of looking at things present in the first kind of society. There are more ideas, more interest, and more groups and organizations with different beliefs. In addition, there is usually a greater worldly interest and greater tolerance in mixed societies. All these factors tend to promote social change by opening more areas of life to decision. In a society where people are quite similar in many ways, there are fewer occasions for people to see the need or the opportunity for change because everything seems to be the same. And although conditions may not be satisfactory, they are at least customary and undisputed.

　　Within a society, social change is also likely to occur more frequently and more readily in the material aspects of the culture than in the non-material, for example, in technology rather than in values; in what has been learned later in life rather than what was learned early; in the less basic and less emotional aspects of society than in their opposite; in the simple elements rather than in the complex ones; in form rather than in substance; and in elements that are acceptable to the culture rather than in strange elements.

　　Furthermore, social change is easier if it is gradual. For example, it comes more readily in human relations on a continuous scale rather than one with violent changes. This is one reason why change has not come more quickly to Black Americans as compared to other American minorities, because of the sharp difference in appearance between them and their white counterparts.

　　1.The following factors tend to promote social change except ____.

　　A) different kinds of people

　　B) different points of view

　　C) different interests

　　D) different conditions

　　2.The expression “greater tolerance” refers to “____”.

　　A) more respect for different beliefs and behaviors

　　B) quicker adaptation to changing circumstances

　　C) greater willingness to change

　　D) greater readiness to agree to different opinions and ideas

　　3. According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE within a society?

　　A) Social change is less likely to occur in technology than in values.

　　B) What people learned in their early times tends to change quickly.

　　C) The basic and emotional aspects of society tend to slow down social change.

　　D) Strange elements are likely to quicken social change.

　　4. Social change is easier if it takes place ____.

　　A) step by step

　　B) among Black Americans

　　C) between Black Americans and their white counterparts

　　D) between Black Americans and other Americans minorities

　　5.The passage mainly discusses ____.

　　A) the necessity of social change.

　　B) certain factors that determine the ease with which social change occurs.

　　C) the way to slow down social change.

　　D) how to promote social change.

　　答案與解析：

　　1. D 細(xì)節(jié)題。一誤三正，通過(guò)題干回到文章中找相對(duì)應(yīng)的句子，便可以得知答案。根據(jù)短文得知，除了不同的條件，以下三個(gè)因素都可以促進(jìn)社會(huì)變革。見(jiàn)文章中第一段All these factors tend to promote social change by opening more areas of life to decision. 可以判斷促使社會(huì)變革的因素出現(xiàn)在該句子前面：Social change is more likely to occur in societies where there is a mixture of different kinds of people(答案A) than in societies where people are similar in many ways. The simple reason for this is that there are more different ways of looking at things present in the first kind of society. There are more ideas, more disagreements in interest (答案C), and more groups and organizations with different beliefs (答案B). In addition, there is usually a greater worldly interest and greater tolerance in mixed societies. 這里提到了different kinds of people(答案A)，different beliefs(答案B)，more disagreements in interest (答案C)，所以答案為D。

　　2. A 詞義題。通過(guò)上下文可以得知答案。根據(jù)短文得知，greater tolerance指的是對(duì)不同的信仰和行為的尊重。見(jiàn)文章中的tolerance一詞，該詞常用來(lái)表示“忍受，容忍”，結(jié)合上文：There are more ideas, more disagreements in interest, and more groups and organizations with different beliefs. In addition, there is usually a greater worldly interest and greater tolerance in mixed societies，此處的tolerance指的是對(duì)more ideas, more disagreements in interest, and more groups and organizations with different beliefs的容忍，即尊重，所以答案為A。

　　3. C 細(xì)節(jié)題。一正三誤，通過(guò)選項(xiàng)回到文章里找相對(duì)應(yīng)的句子，便可以得知答案。

　　根據(jù)短文得知，在社會(huì)內(nèi)部，技術(shù)方面的變化比價(jià)值方面的'變化更有可能發(fā)生。見(jiàn)文章第二段：Within a society, social change is also likely to occur more frequently and more readily in the material aspects of the culture than in the non-material, for example, in technology rather than in values(答案A不對(duì)); in what has been learned later in life rather than what was learned early(答案B不對(duì)); in the less basic and less emotional aspects of society than in their opposite(答案C對(duì)); in the simple elements rather than in the complex ones; in form rather than in substance; and in elements that are acceptable to the culture rather than in strange elements(答案D不對(duì))。所以答案為C。

　　4. A 詞義題。通過(guò)對(duì)gradual的理解，便可以得知答案。根據(jù)短文得知，社會(huì)變革如果一步一步進(jìn)行的話，則容易一些。見(jiàn)文章第三段第一句social change is easier if it is gradual. gradual與step by step近義。所以答案為A。

　　5. B 主旨大意題。通過(guò)文章的主題句以及各段落的主題句可以得知答案。根據(jù)短文得知，文章主要討論有些因素決定了社會(huì)變革的產(chǎn)生。見(jiàn)文章每一段的主題句(Para.1)Social change is more likely to occur in societies where there is a mixture of different kinds of people than in societies where people are similar in many ways. (Para.2) Within a society, social change is also likely to occur more frequently and more readily in....(Para. 3) Furthermore, social change is easier if it is gradual，每個(gè)主題句里都含有social change，所以答案為B。

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