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2015英語四級(jí)選詞填空模擬題
Section A
Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.
Questions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage.
The festive break is fast becoming a distant memory and for many, New Year fitness regimes are too. Despite2.6m people starting diets on New Year's Day, research suggests that by the end of the week 92 percent of dieters gave up, (36) exercise and gorging on comfort food.
Findings(37) by weightloss firm XLS-Medical, suggest that the (38) majority are unsuccessful at sticking to their diets for more than five days a week. Two out of l0 dieters (39) they have their first diet relapse (退步) just four to five days in, with hunger cited as the main cause. Boredom and alcohol were (40) blamed for people failing to keep their health kick on track.
Dr. Matt Capehorn, Clinical Director of the National Obesity Forum, (41) that just one day off from dieting can undo a week's worth of hard work. He told Female First: "A healthy diet, aimed at losing llb per week, relies on saving 3500 calories a week by having 500 calories less each day." "A day off the diet should mean that you eat the correct amount, but many dieters see it as an excuse to binge (大吃大喝 ) and have thousands of calories more than they need. "
The results suggest that a (42) 590,000 could already have (43) to stick to New Year diet resolutions.
And a vast majority are unaware of the negative impact a single day off can have on their weight loss efforts.
Yet (44) it was found only 5 percent of women stick to their diets until they've (45) their target weight.
A.massive
B.reached
C.highlighted
D.blamed
E.shunning
F.still
G.released
H.lost
I.also
J.admitted
K.treated
L.dieted
M.overall
N .vast
O.failed
【參考譯文】
新年假期會(huì)很快成為遙遠(yuǎn)的回憶，而對(duì)很多人來說，新年的減肥計(jì)劃也會(huì)很快被拋之腦后。調(diào)查顯示，盡管有260萬人在新年第一天開始節(jié)食，但在該星期結(jié)束時(shí)，已有92%的節(jié)食減肥者放棄，[36]不再運(yùn)動(dòng)。而且開始大吃大喝。
減重中心XLS醫(yī)院[37]發(fā)布的這項(xiàng)調(diào)查結(jié)果表明，[38]大多數(shù)人都無法在制定節(jié)食減肥計(jì)劃的一周內(nèi)堅(jiān)持五天以上。五分之一的節(jié)食減肥者[39]承認(rèn)自己在第四五天的時(shí)候就堅(jiān)持不住了，他們提到的主要原因是饑餓。單調(diào)乏味和酒精的刺激[40]也讓他們無法堅(jiān)持瘦身計(jì)劃。
國(guó)家肥胖論壇醫(yī)療主任馬特·凱普霍恩博士[4l]強(qiáng)調(diào)說，僅僅一天不堅(jiān)持節(jié)食就會(huì)毀掉一周的努力。他告訴《女士?jī)?yōu)先》雜志說：“健康的節(jié)食是一星期減去1磅，這需要一周內(nèi)減少3500卡路里的攝取，而一天減少500卡路里的攝取即可。”“一天不節(jié)食應(yīng)該意味著你攝入正確的食量，而很多節(jié)食者卻把它當(dāng)做大吃大喝的理由，攝取的卡路里數(shù)量比需要的多出好幾千。”
調(diào)查結(jié)果顯示，有[42]多達(dá)59萬人可能已經(jīng)[43]放棄了新年減肥計(jì)劃。而且還有很多人不清楚一天不堅(jiān)持節(jié)食對(duì)其減肥計(jì)劃有何負(fù)面影響。然而[44]總的來說，僅有5%的女性能堅(jiān)持到最后，直到[45]達(dá)到目標(biāo)體重。
【答案解析】
36.E
語法判斷：exercise后是and，而and前后應(yīng)為并列結(jié)構(gòu)(又稱平行結(jié)構(gòu))，因?yàn)閍nd后為gorging on comfortfood，所以前面也應(yīng)當(dāng)是現(xiàn)在分詞短語，因此應(yīng)填入現(xiàn)在分詞。備選項(xiàng)中只有shunning是現(xiàn)在分詞，因此答案很明確。
語義判斷：shun：(故意或習(xí)慣地)避免;回避，躲開。從語義上判斷也是正確的。
37.G
語法判斷：此處應(yīng)為定語來修飾fmdings，后為by，而過去分詞既表示被動(dòng)又可用作后置賓語，所以此處應(yīng)填入過去分詞。
語義判斷：備選的過去分詞或過去式有reached、highlighted、blamed、released、lost、admitted、treated、dieted、failed，但從上下文語義判斷，意思應(yīng)為：由減重中心XLS醫(yī)院發(fā)布的調(diào)查或研究結(jié)果，所以應(yīng)選擇released。
38.N
語法判斷：空格前的the是冠詞，空格后的majority是名詞，因此應(yīng)當(dāng)填入定語。
語義判斷：符合語法條件的詞有很多：massive、reached、highlighted、blamed、lost、admitted、treated、dieted、overall、vast、failed，而avastmajority是個(gè)近乎固定的搭配，意為“大多數(shù)”，故本題選N。
39.J
語法判斷：此句缺謂語，后接一個(gè)省略了that的賓語從句。可作謂語的選項(xiàng)有reached、highlighted、blamed、lost、admitted、treated、dieted、failed，根據(jù)文章，可知只有admitted符合。
語義判斷：該句意為：五分之一的節(jié)食減肥者承認(rèn)自己在第四五天的時(shí)候就堅(jiān)持不住了。
40.I
語法判斷：此句主、謂、賓都不缺，而空格出現(xiàn)在were和blamed之間，所以應(yīng)為狀語，因而應(yīng)填入副詞。
語義判斷：備選的副詞有still、also和overall，上文提到了饑餓是人們放棄減肥的原因之一，而此處提到單調(diào)乏味和酒精的刺激也是讓人們放棄減肥的原因，因而從語義上判斷，只有also符合上下文意。
41.C
語法判斷：此句缺謂語，應(yīng)填入動(dòng)詞，其后接賓語從句。
語義判斷：備選的動(dòng)詞有reached、highlighted、blamed、lost、treated、dieted、failed，但從上下文語義判斷，此處意思應(yīng)為：國(guó)家肥胖論壇醫(yī)療主任馬特·凱普霍恩博士強(qiáng)調(diào)說，僅僅一天不堅(jiān)持節(jié)食就會(huì)毀掉一周的努力。highlighted符合此處語法和語義的要求。
42.A
語法判斷：a和590，000之間應(yīng)該是形容詞。
語義判斷：備選的形容詞還有massive和overall，從上下文語義判斷massive應(yīng)為正確選擇。
43.O
語法判斷：could already have后應(yīng)為過去分詞。
語義判斷：備選的過去分詞有reached、blamed、lost、treated、dieted、failed。從上下文語義判斷，此處的意思應(yīng)為：調(diào)查結(jié)果顯示，有多達(dá)59萬人可能已經(jīng)放棄了新年減肥計(jì)劃。因而failed是語法判斷和語義判斷后的最佳選擇。
44.M
語法判斷：此句主、謂、賓完整，應(yīng)填入副詞。
語義判斷：備選的副詞還有still和overall。overall意為“總體上，總的來說”，符合此處的語法和語義要求。
45.B
語法判斷：空格前面是they’ve，故后面應(yīng)接過去分詞。
語義判斷：空格后為targetweight(目標(biāo)體重)，故按照語義和固定的搭配來進(jìn)行判斷，應(yīng)為reached，即“達(dá)到目標(biāo)體重”。
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